莺琼盆地中新统海相羟源岩地球化学特征及生经潜力评价

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.03.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过有机碳测定、岩石热解分析、显微组分定量分析、饱和烃色谱、色谱-质谱等实验分析,对莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,探讨了不同层位烃源岩的生烃潜力。结果表明:莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩有机质丰度总体较低,大部分烃源岩为中等烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅱ₂型和Ⅲ型为主,有机质热演化主要处于成熟阶段。烃源岩显微组分组成具有富含镜质组、壳质组+腐泥组次之、贫含惰性组的特征。烃源岩沉积环境主要为弱氧化-弱还原环境,具有陆生高等植物和低等水生生物生源混合输入的特征。莺歌海盆地梅山组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,生烃潜力相对较好,三亚组烃源岩综合评价为较差—中等烃源岩,具有一定的生烃潜力。琼东南盆地梅山组和三亚组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,具有相当的生烃潜力。

关键词: 海相烃源岩, 地球化学特征, 显微组分, 生物标志物, 生烃潜力, 莺琼盆地

Abstract:

Based on the analysis of organic carbon,rock-eval pyrolysis,maceral identification,saturated hydrocarbon chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry,geochemical characteristics of the Miocene marine source rocks in the Ying-Qiong Basin were studied. The hydrocarbon generation potentials of different source rocks were discussed. The results indicate that the organic matter abundance of the Miocene marine source rocks are generally low, most of which are medium source rocks. Organic matters comprise mainly type Ⅱ₂ and Ⅲ, and their thermal evolution is mainly in the mature stage. The maceral composition of the studied samples is dominated by vitrinites, and the inertinite contents are relatively low. Sedimentary environment of the source rocks was weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing, and the organic matter may have be originated from terrestrial higher plants and lower aquatic algae. Comprehensive source rock evaluation on the Meishan Formation in the Yinggehai Basin indicates that they are medium source rocks with relatively high hydrocarbon generation potential, whereas source rocks of the Sanya Formation are poor-medium ones and have minor hydrocarbon generation potential. The Meishan and Sanya formations in the Qiongdongnan Basin contain medium source rocks, and have certain hydrocarbon generation potential.

Key words: marine source rocks, geochemical characteristics, maceral, biomarkers, hydrocarbon generation potential, Ying-Qiong Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

王元, 李贤庆, 王刚, 徐新德, 刘海钰. 莺琼盆地中新统海相羟源岩地球化学特征及生经潜力评价[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(03): 500-510.

WANG Yuan, LI Xianqing, WANG Gang, XU Xinde, LIU Haiyu. Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of Miocene Marine Source Rocks in the Ying-Qiong Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(03): 500-510.

图/表 14

图1 莺琼盆地构造带及采样井位置图(底图据黄保家[4])

Fig.1 Tectonic belt of the Ying-Qiong Basin and the wells locations of sampling

图2 莺琼盆地地层综合柱状图(底图据黄保家[1])

Fig.2 Schematic stratigraphic column of the Ying-Qiong Basin

表1 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩有机质丰度统计

Table 1 Parameters of organic matter abundance of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	TOC/%	PG/(mg/g)	“A”/%	HC/10^-6
莺歌海	梅山组	$0.15 ~ 4.51 0.51 (107)$	$0.12 ~ 3.4 0.99 (111)$	$0.002 ~ 0.098 0.046 (38)$	$26.8 ~ 519.1 166.1 (28)$
莺歌海	三亚组	$0.2 ~ 0.97 0.41 (26)$	$0.12 ~ 1.87 0.65 (23)$	$0.014 ? 8 ~ 0.065 ? 9 0.040 ? 2 (11)$	$22.82 ~ 499.5 230.6 (10)$
琼东南	梅山组	$0.1 ~ 2.97 0.65 (107)$	$0.02 ~ 3.76 0.92 (84)$	$0.004 ? 1 ~ 0.090 ? 5 0.033 (21)$	$43.7 ~ 546 196.8 (17)$
琼东南	三亚组	$0.07 ~ 2.86 0.63 (51)$	$0.02 ~ 1.87 0.81 (41)$	$0.020 ~ 0.092 0.057 (14)$	$47.9 ~ 595.7 243.6 (12)$

表1 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩有机质丰度统计

Table 1 Parameters of organic matter abundance of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	TOC/%	PG/(mg/g)	“A”/%	HC/10^-6
莺歌海	梅山组	$0.15 ~ 4.51 0.51 (107)$	$0.12 ~ 3.4 0.99 (111)$	$0.002 ~ 0.098 0.046 (38)$	$26.8 ~ 519.1 166.1 (28)$
莺歌海	三亚组	$0.2 ~ 0.97 0.41 (26)$	$0.12 ~ 1.87 0.65 (23)$	$0.014 ? 8 ~ 0.065 ? 9 0.040 ? 2 (11)$	$22.82 ~ 499.5 230.6 (10)$
琼东南	梅山组	$0.1 ~ 2.97 0.65 (107)$	$0.02 ~ 3.76 0.92 (84)$	$0.004 ? 1 ~ 0.090 ? 5 0.033 (21)$	$43.7 ~ 546 196.8 (17)$
琼东南	三亚组	$0.07 ~ 2.86 0.63 (51)$	$0.02 ~ 1.87 0.81 (41)$	$0.020 ~ 0.092 0.057 (14)$	$47.9 ~ 595.7 243.6 (12)$

图3 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩有机碳含量分布频率图

Fig.3 TOC content frequency distribution of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图4 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩生烃潜量分布频率图

Fig.4 Hydrocarbon generation potential frequency distribution of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图5 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩有机质丰度评价图(底图据黄保家[22])

Fig.5 Assessment of organic matter abundance of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图6 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩烃源岩IH—Tmax(a)关系及IH—IO(b)关系

Fig.6 IH—Tmax and IH—IO of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图7 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩镜质组反射率Ro分布频率图图中数据格式为最小值 ~ 最大值平均值 ( 样品数 )

Fig.7 Frequency distribution of Ro of source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

表2 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩显微组分含量统计表

Table 2 Statistics of macerals in source rocks of the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	显微组分含量(占全岩体积)/%
盆地	层位	TMCS₃	TMC	V	I	E	S	S₃
莺歌海	梅山组	$0.4 ~ 8 3.23 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 1.09 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 0.88 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.6 微 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.4 0.1 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (42)$	$微 ~ 7 2.14 (42)$
莺歌海	三亚组	$0.4 ~ 11 4.36 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2.2 1.02 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2 0.87 (9)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (9)$	$微 ~ 0.2 0.11 (9)$	微(9)	$微 ~ 10.2 3.33 (9)$
琼东南	梅山组	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.6 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.39 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1 0.35 (24)$	$微 ~ 0.4 微 (24)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (24)$	微(24)	$微 ~ 1.2 0.21 (24)$
琼东南	三亚组	$0.2 ~ 4 1.35 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.6 0.92 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.4 0.82 (21)$	微(21)	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (21)$	$微 ~ 0.4 微 (21)$	$微 ~ 3.8 0.43 (21)$

表2 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩显微组分含量统计表

Table 2 Statistics of macerals in source rocks of the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	显微组分含量(占全岩体积)/%
盆地	层位	TMCS₃	TMC	V	I	E	S	S₃
莺歌海	梅山组	$0.4 ~ 8 3.23 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 1.09 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 0.88 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.6 微 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.4 0.1 (42)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (42)$	$微 ~ 7 2.14 (42)$
莺歌海	三亚组	$0.4 ~ 11 4.36 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2.2 1.02 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2 0.87 (9)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (9)$	$微 ~ 0.2 0.11 (9)$	微(9)	$微 ~ 10.2 3.33 (9)$
琼东南	梅山组	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.6 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.39 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1 0.35 (24)$	$微 ~ 0.4 微 (24)$	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (24)$	微(24)	$微 ~ 1.2 0.21 (24)$
琼东南	三亚组	$0.2 ~ 4 1.35 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.6 0.92 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.4 0.82 (21)$	微(21)	$微 ~ 0.2 微 (21)$	$微 ~ 0.4 微 (21)$	$微 ~ 3.8 0.43 (21)$

图8 莺琼盆地烃源岩显微组分组成三角图

Fig.8 Ternary diagram of maceral composition of source rocks in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图9 莺琼盆地不同层位烃源岩饱和烃色谱谱图

Fig.9 Chromatogram of the saturated hydrocarbons in source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图10 莺琼盆地烃源岩饱和烃m/z191质量色谱图

Fig.10 Mass chormatograms of terpenes (m/z 191) in source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

图11 莺琼盆地烃源岩饱和烃m/z 217质量色谱图

Fig.11 Mass chormatograms of steranes (m/z 217) in source rocks from the different formations in the Ying-Qiong Basin

表3 莺琼盆地中新统烃源岩生烃潜力评价

Table 3 Hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of the Miocene marine source rocks in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	烃源岩厚度/ m	TOC/%	PG/ (mg/g)	TMCS₃/%	TMC/%	Ro/%	Pr/Ph	C₂₉20S/ (20S+20R)	综合评价结果
莺歌海	梅山组	$42.5 ~ 570.5 375.3$	$0.15 ~ 4.51 0.51 (107)$	$0.12 ~ 3.4 0.99 (111)$	$0.4 ~ 8 3.23 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 1.09 (42)$	$0.23 ~ 1.04 0.67 (59)$	$0.31 ~ 5.06 2.14 (39)$	$0.32 ~ 0.65 0.43 (20)$	中等烃源岩
莺歌海	三亚组	$122.5 ~ 195.7 157.6$	$0.2 ~ 0.97 0.41 (26)$	$0.12 ~ 1.87 0.65 (23)$	$0.4 ~ 11 4.36 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2.2 1.02 (9)$	$0.67 ~ 0.79 0.73 (14)$	$0.44 ~ 3.22 1.79 (10)$	$0.36 ~ 0.57 0.46 (4)$	较差-中等烃源岩
琼东南	梅山组	$36 ~ 337 172.3$	$0.1 ~ 2.97 0.65 (107)$	$0.02 ~ 3.76 0.92 (84)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.6 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.39 (24)$	$0.29 ~ 1.36 0.69 (31)$	$0.51 ~ 5.19 1.58 (30)$	$0.16 ~ 0.61 0.40 (12)$	中等烃源岩
琼东南	三亚组	$14 ~ 803.7 276.3$	$0.07 ~ 2.86 0.63 (51)$	$0.02 ~ 1.87 0.81 (41)$	$0.2 ~ 4 1.35 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.6 0.92 (21)$	$0.35 ~ 1.35 0.67 (30)$	$0.41 ~ 4.73 1.8 (15)$	$0.37 ~ 0.78 0.49 (11)$	中等烃源岩

表3 莺琼盆地中新统烃源岩生烃潜力评价

Table 3 Hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of the Miocene marine source rocks in the Ying-Qiong Basin

盆地	层位	烃源岩厚度/ m	TOC/%	PG/ (mg/g)	TMCS₃/%	TMC/%	Ro/%	Pr/Ph	C₂₉20S/ (20S+20R)	综合评价结果
莺歌海	梅山组	$42.5 ~ 570.5 375.3$	$0.15 ~ 4.51 0.51 (107)$	$0.12 ~ 3.4 0.99 (111)$	$0.4 ~ 8 3.23 (42)$	$0.2 ~ 3.6 1.09 (42)$	$0.23 ~ 1.04 0.67 (59)$	$0.31 ~ 5.06 2.14 (39)$	$0.32 ~ 0.65 0.43 (20)$	中等烃源岩
莺歌海	三亚组	$122.5 ~ 195.7 157.6$	$0.2 ~ 0.97 0.41 (26)$	$0.12 ~ 1.87 0.65 (23)$	$0.4 ~ 11 4.36 (9)$	$0.4 ~ 2.2 1.02 (9)$	$0.67 ~ 0.79 0.73 (14)$	$0.44 ~ 3.22 1.79 (10)$	$0.36 ~ 0.57 0.46 (4)$	较差-中等烃源岩
琼东南	梅山组	$36 ~ 337 172.3$	$0.1 ~ 2.97 0.65 (107)$	$0.02 ~ 3.76 0.92 (84)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.6 (24)$	$0.2 ~ 1.4 0.39 (24)$	$0.29 ~ 1.36 0.69 (31)$	$0.51 ~ 5.19 1.58 (30)$	$0.16 ~ 0.61 0.40 (12)$	中等烃源岩
琼东南	三亚组	$14 ~ 803.7 276.3$	$0.07 ~ 2.86 0.63 (51)$	$0.02 ~ 1.87 0.81 (41)$	$0.2 ~ 4 1.35 (21)$	$0.2 ~ 2.6 0.92 (21)$	$0.35 ~ 1.35 0.67 (30)$	$0.41 ~ 4.73 1.8 (15)$	$0.37 ~ 0.78 0.49 (11)$	中等烃源岩

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