天然有机质和不同pH环境对纳米黑炭的迁移行为影响及作用机制

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.01.11

现代地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (01): 113-120.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.01.11

天然有机质和不同pH环境对纳米黑炭的迁移行为影响及作用机制

杨美红¹^,²(), 李志雄¹^,², 刘雨嫣¹^,², 马少强¹^,², 陈家玮¹^,²()

1.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2017-10-11 修回日期:2017-11-12 出版日期:2018-02-10 发布日期:2018-02-05
通讯作者: 陈家玮,男,教授,博士生导师,1974年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: chenjiawei@cugb.edu.cn。
作者简介:陈家玮,男,教授,博士生导师,1974年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: chenjiawei@cugb.edu.cn。
杨美红,女,硕士研究生,1993年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: 1521476859@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41472232);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41272061);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2652015113);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2652017234)

Impacts and Mechanisms of Natural Organic Matter and pH on the Transport of Nanobiochar

YANG Meihong¹^,²(), LI Zhixiong¹^,², LIU Yuyan¹^,², MA Shaoqiang¹^,², CHEN Jiawei¹^,²()

1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2017-10-11 Revised:2017-11-12 Online:2018-02-10 Published:2018-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为典型的黑炭,近年来生物炭的应用发展受到人们广泛关注。由于生物炭施加在土壤中,在表生地球化学长期作用下,会有部分逐渐破碎变小,直至微米、纳米级别,在土壤或水体中迁移,因此,对生物炭、特别是活性更强的纳米级生物炭的迁移性研究具有十分重要的意义,而关于纳米级生物炭的迁移性研究目前十分匮乏。通过石英砂柱中纳米生物炭的柱迁移实验,获得天然有机质和不同pH值(4、7、10)条件下的穿透曲线和空间滞留曲线,研究影响作用机制。结果表明:天然有机质(腐殖酸)能增强纳米生物炭的迁移性,中碱性pH环境也有助于其迁移。一方面纳米炭的分散性得到改善,另一方面腐殖酸和碱性环境有助于增加纳米炭和石英砂介质的颗粒表面负电荷,增大Zeta电位值(负值),从而使颗粒间静电排斥力增强,有助于纳米炭的迁移。研究结果对深入理解生物炭在自然界中地球化学迁移行为及其吸附污染物后的潜在迁移风险具有重要意义。

关键词: 纳米生物炭, 迁移, 柱实验, 腐殖酸, 环境pH值

Abstract:

Biochar, a kind of typical black carbon, has attracted attention for its application development in recent years. Since biochar is applied into the soils, some would gradually become fragmented into micro or nano sized biochar particles under the long term supergene geochemical process. It is very important to investigate the transport of biochar, specially, more reactive nanobiochar. Whereas, such research is few up to now. Hence, the column experiments were conducted on the transport of nanobiochar in quartz sand column to explore the breakthrough curve and retention curve. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) and different pH values (pH=4,7,10) on nanobiochar transport behavior. The results showed that humic acid (HA, a model NOM) enhanced the mobility of nanobiochar, and neutral or alkaline aqueous medium favored nanobiochar transport. One reason is that the dispersibility of nanobiochar was improved. The other is due to net negative charge of biochar and quartz particles increased in the presence of HA and alkaline environment. So, the Zeta potential of particles increased and electrostatic repulsion force strengthened, which was beneficial to the transport of nanobiochar. This work is of importance to understand the geochemical transport behavior of nanobiochar and the potential risk of contaminant adsorption onto nanobiochar transported in the environment.

Key words: nanobiochar, transport, column experiment, humic acid, pH value in the environment

中图分类号:

X142

杨美红, 李志雄, 刘雨嫣, 马少强, 陈家玮. 天然有机质和不同pH环境对纳米黑炭的迁移行为影响及作用机制[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(01): 113-120.

YANG Meihong, LI Zhixiong, LIU Yuyan, MA Shaoqiang, CHEN Jiawei. Impacts and Mechanisms of Natural Organic Matter and pH on the Transport of Nanobiochar[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(01): 113-120.

图/表 9

图1 柱实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Sketch of column experiment

图2 纳米生物炭悬浮液的吸光度曲线 (A)UV-Vis全谱;(B)标准曲线

Fig.2 The absorbance curve of nanobiochar suspension (A) UV-Vis scanning spectra;(B) Standard curve

图3 生物炭的透射电镜图像 (A) 普通微粒生物炭;(B) 纳米级生物炭

Fig.3 TEM image of biochars (A) Biochar micro-particle;(B) Boichar nanoparticle

图4 腐殖酸对纳米生物炭团聚体粒径分布的影响

Fig.4 Aggregation size distribution of biochar nanoparticles under the effect of HA

图5 腐殖酸对纳米生物炭迁移性质的影响 (A) 穿透曲线;(B) 空间滞留曲线

Fig.5 Transport of nanobiochar under the effect of HA (A) Breakthrough curve;(B) Retention curve

表1 纳米生物炭的流出量(Meff)、滞留量(Mret)及总量平衡(Mtot=Meff+Mret)

Table 1 Mass balance of total nanobiochar (Mtot) from effluent (Meff) and retention (Mret)

柱实验编号	HA/ (mg/L)	pH	M_eff/%	M_ret/%	M_tot/%
1	0	7	80.9	18.6	99.5
2	15	4	86.7	18.8	105.5
3	15	4	86.7	16.5	103.2
4	15	7	94.0	12.1	106.1
5	15	7	94.1	12.1	106.2
6	15	10	98.1	12.4	110.5
7	15	10	98.1	13.4	111.5

图6 不同pH环境对纳米生物炭迁移性质的影响 (A)穿透曲线;(B) 空间滞留曲线

Fig.6 Effect of pH on the transport of nanobiochar (A) Breakthrough curve;(B) Retention curve

图7 石英砂和纳米炭Zeta电位 (A)腐殖酸的影响;(B)不同pH环境的影响

Fig.7 Zeta potential of quartz sand and nanobiochar (A) The presence or absence of HA;(B) Different pH condition

图8 腐殖酸和pH环境影响纳米生物炭迁移性质的作用机制

Fig.8 Mechanism of transport of nanobiochar under the effect of pH and humic acid

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天然有机质和不同pH环境对纳米黑炭的迁移行为影响及作用机制

Impacts and Mechanisms of Natural Organic Matter and pH on the Transport of Nanobiochar

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