“禹城式”矽卡岩型富铁矿的形成机制

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.003

现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 1-12.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.003

• 中国东部富铁矿成矿机制与找矿预测 • 上一篇下一篇

“禹城式”矽卡岩型富铁矿的形成机制

张招崇¹^,²(), 王怀洪³, 谢秋红⁴, 沈立军³, 朱裕振³, 吕云鹤³, 金博文¹

1.中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京)深时数字地球前沿科学中心,北京 100083
3.山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院,山东济南 250104
4.中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京 100037

收稿日期:2023-09-23 修回日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-02-10 发布日期:2024-03-20
作者简介:张招崇,男,教授,博士生导师,1965年出生,地质学专业,主要从事岩浆岩岩石学与矿床学研究。Email: zczhang@cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903700);中央高校基本科研业务费深时数字地球前沿科学中心“深时数字地球”中央高校科技领军人才团队项目(2652023001)

Genetic Mechanism of the “Yucheng-Type” High-Grade Skarn Iron Deposits

ZHANG Zhaochong¹^,²(), WANG Huaihong³, XIE Qiuhong⁴, SHEN Lijun³, ZHU Yuzhen³, LÜ Yunhe³, JIN Bowen¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. Shandong Geological Planning and Investigation Institute of Coal Field, Jinan, Shandong 250104, China
4. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2023-09-23 Revised:2023-11-29 Online:2024-02-10 Published:2024-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山东省西北部齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型富铁矿找矿工作取得了重大突破,有望成为继莱芜、金岭和济南之后又一个重要的富铁矿基地。与传统的矽卡岩型铁矿产于岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带不同的是,齐河—禹城地区李屯铁矿的矿体产于石炭系—二叠系含煤地层内,富铁矿体与围岩呈截然的接触关系,并且矿体附近的围岩发生了强烈的角岩化。针对这一现象,本文提出上覆的煤系极低的热导率使得含矿热液能够保持高温状态,发生长距离迁移而就位于远接触带的石炭系—二叠系中。李屯铁矿的形成可能是高温的岩浆流体与低温的大气降水混合,导致温度和盐度下降发生快速沉淀的结果。另外,近矿岩体普遍发生强烈的钠长石化,导致了闪长质岩石“铁的丢失”,为出溶高浓度富铁流体以及富铁矿的形成奠定了重要的物质基础。幔源“高分异”的闪长岩以及浅侵位时岩浆流体的出溶,也是邯邢式铁矿形成的先决条件。

关键词: 矽卡岩, 富铁矿, 流体迁移, 钠长石化, 禹城式

Abstract:

The discovery of high-grade skarn iron deposits in the Qihe-Yucheng area of northwestern Shandong Province is a significant breakthrough for iron prospecting in China.It is expected to become another potential important base of high-grade iron ore resource in Shandong Province after Laiwu, Jinling, and Jinan areas.Unlike traditional skarn iron deposits hosted in the contact zone between intrusions and carbonate rocks, the Litun iron orebodies in the Qihe-Yucheng area are hosted in the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata.The high-grade iron orebodies have a sharp contact with the surrounding rocks, which have been changed to horns in a large range.We attribute the occurrence of the iron orebodies in the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata far from the contact zone to the extremely low thermal conductivity of the overlying coal rocks, which allow the hydrothermal fluid to maintain a high-temperature state and long-distance migration.The formation of the Litun iron deposit may be ascribed to the rapid precipitation of magnetite due to decreasing temperature and salinity caused by the mixing of high-temperature magmatic fluid and low-temperature meteoric water.In addition, strong albitization commonly occurs near ore bodies, leading to the loss of iron in the dioritic rocks, which lays an important material foundation for the exsolution of iron-rich fluids and the formation of high-grade iron ores.Finally, we propose that the mantle-derived “highly differentiated” diorite and hypabyssal emplacement is favor for the exsolution of magmatic fluids, and is also prerequisites for the formation of the Hanxing-type iron deposit.

Key words: skarn, high-grade iron ores, fluid transportation, albitation, Yucheng-type

中图分类号:

P611

张招崇, 王怀洪, 谢秋红, 沈立军, 朱裕振, 吕云鹤, 金博文. “禹城式”矽卡岩型富铁矿的形成机制[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(01): 1-12.

ZHANG Zhaochong, WANG Huaihong, XIE Qiuhong, SHEN Lijun, ZHU Yuzhen, LÜ Yunhe, JIN Bowen. Genetic Mechanism of the “Yucheng-Type” High-Grade Skarn Iron Deposits[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(01): 1-12.

图/表 11

图1 鲁西矽卡岩型铁矿矿集区的分布

Fig.1 Distribution of skarn iron ore concentration cluster in the western Shandong Province

图2 齐河—禹城地区航空磁异常ΔT (nT)等值线平面图(a)和航空布格重力(10-5 m/s2)等值线平面图(b)[11] (a)图中:1.磁异常正等值线;2.磁异常零等值线; 3.磁异常负等值线; 4.磁异常值; 5.铁矿床位置; (b)图中:1.重力等值线;2.局部重力极大值;3.局部重力极小值;4.相对重力值;5.铁矿床位置

Fig.2 Maps of aero-magnetic ΔT contour (a) and aero-bouguer gravity contour (b) of the Qihe-Yucheng area [11]

图3 齐河—禹城地区铁矿区钻孔岩心柱状图对比[6]

Fig.3 Correlation of the geological column of borehole cores in the Qihe-Yucheng area[6]

图4 李屯铁矿钻孔控制矿体剖面图简图[13] 1.第四系+新近系;2.石炭系—二叠系;3.闪长岩体;4.铁矿体;5.地质界线;6.钻孔编号及深度

Fig.4 Sketch cross section of the drillhole-controlled iron orebodies at the Litun iron deposit

图5 李屯铁矿体与围岩(角岩)有截然的接触界线和强烈的角岩化(ZK5)

Fig.5 Sharp contact boundary between iron orebody and country rock (horn) and strong horn metamorphismat the Litun iron deposit (ZK5)

图6 李屯铁矿早期棱角状矽卡岩角砾(浅色)被磁铁矿(黑色)胶结(ZK5)

Fig.6 Early-stage angular skarn breccias (light color) cemented by magnetite (black) (ZK5)

图7 李屯近矿闪长岩强烈的钠长石化(a)和远离矿体大范围的不均一钠长石化(b)

Fig.7 Strong albite alteration of the diorite near iron orebody (a) and heterogeneous albite alteration of the diorite far from the iron orebody in a large scale

图8 大张地区 0 线勘探线剖面简图[11] 1.第四系;2.新近系;3.二叠系;4.石炭系;5.奥陶系;6.闪长岩体;7.铁矿体及编号;8.推断地质界线;9.钻孔位置;10.推测破碎带

Fig.8 Sketch cross geological section of No.0 exploration line at the Dazhang iron deposit

图9 潘店地区矿体地质剖面图[7] 1.第四系;2.新近系;3.二叠系;4.奥陶系;5.矽卡岩;6.闪长岩体;7.富磁矿体;8.地质界线;9.平行不整合地质界线

Fig.9 Sketch cross geological section of the Pandian area[7]

表1 不同岩性的热导率[19]

Table 1 Thermal conductivity of different rock types[19]

岩性	热导率(W/(m·K))
岩性	最小值	最大值	平均值
煤	0.13	0.30	0.21
泥板岩、泥质页岩	0.25	3.01	1.22
粉砂岩	0.41	3.58	1.49
砂岩	0.38	5.17	1.66
砾岩、圆石砾岩	1.05	3.86	1.92
泥灰岩	0.50	3.91	1.92
片麻岩	0.94	4.86	2.02
正长花岗岩	1.30	2.97	2.05
花岗闪长岩	1.64	2.48	2.11
石英斑岩	1.76	2.60	2.11
灰岩	0.92	4.40	2.40
花岗岩	1.34	3.69	2.40
片岩	1.03	4.93	2.46
大理岩	1.59	4.00	2.56
石英-碳酸盐岩	1.61	5.01	2.71
石英闪长岩	1.98	3.80	3.00
白云岩	1.63	6.50	3.24
角岩	2.12	6.10	3.39
石英岩	2.68	7.60	5.26

图10 李屯闪长岩的结构构造 (a)浅色闪长岩中的角闪石堆晶;(b)闪长岩中的辉长岩包体;(c)辉长闪长岩和闪长岩呈渐变过渡关系;(d)细粒闪长岩

Fig.10 Texture and structure of the diorites at the Litun iron deposit

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“禹城式”矽卡岩型富铁矿的形成机制

Genetic Mechanism of the “Yucheng-Type” High-Grade Skarn Iron Deposits

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