辽宁弓长岭富铁矿成矿过程元素迁移特征研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辽宁弓长岭富铁矿是我国规模最大且唯一具有工业开采价值的沉积变质型(BIF)磁铁矿富矿床,目前其成因仍存在争议。本文系统采集了弓长岭二矿区四层铁中典型贫铁矿石和富铁矿石样品进行地球化学成分分析,采用质量平衡计算方法探究了弓长岭富铁矿形成过程中的元素迁移变化规律。结果表明,(1)主量元素主要表现为TFe₂O₃的强烈富集和SiO₂的强烈亏损且二者存在明显的负相关关系,同时伴有地球化学性质活泼的碱金属和碱土金属如Na、K、Ca和Mg等迁出,而P₂O₅、BaO和Cr₂O₃在富铁矿石中相对富集,应与富铁矿成矿流体性质有关;(2)微量元素中高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、U表现为富集,Ce、Th、Zr等元素亏损,而Hf、Ti等元素变化不明显;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba和Cs表现为富集,而Rb和Sr亏损,说明弓长岭富铁矿与其蚀变围岩中Nb、Ta等稀有金属矿化是同一地质作用的产物;(3)稀土元素中La、Ce、Pr、Nd等轻稀土亏损明显,而其它稀土元素,特别是重稀土元素均明显富集。综合主量、微量及稀土元素的迁移规律,认为弓长岭富铁矿成矿作用可能与花岗质岩浆活动有关。

关键词: BIF型富铁矿, 元素迁移, 质量平衡计算, 富铁矿成因, 弓长岭

Abstract:

As the largest and the only BIF-hosted high-grade magnetite iron orebody with industrial mining value in China, the metallogeny of the Gongchangling iron ore is still controversial.In this study, we collected typical BIF and high-grade ore samples from the No.4 iron ore layer and analyzed their chemical compositions.Consequently, we determined the elemental changes during the formation of high-grade iron ore using mass balance calculations, and therefore the following conclusions are received.For the major elements, Fe₂O₃ is strongly enriched, however, SiO₂ is depleted, accompanying with the migration of alkali and alkaline elements (e.g., Na, K, Ca and Mg), which are more active in geochemical mobilization properties.P₂O₅, BaO, and Cr₂O₃ are relatively less enriched, and this is probably related to the hydrothermal fluids which contributes to the formation of the high-grade iron ore; For trace elements, some high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Nb, Ta, and U are enriched, whereas Ce, Th, and Zr are depleted, and Hf and Ti remain unchanged; In terms of some large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Ba and Cs are enriched, however, Rb and Sr are depleted.This suggests that the Nb-Ta mobilization in both high-grade iron ore and the altered rocks are caused by the same geological event; For rare earth elements (REE), the light REE (e.g., La, Ce, Pr and Nd) are distinctly depleted, whereas, the heavy REE are enriched.In summary, the genesis of the Gongchangling high-grade iron ore is probably related to the granitic magmatic events.

Key words: BIF-hosted high-grade iron ore, elemental mass transfer, mass balance calculation, genesis of high-grade iron ore, Gongchangling

中图分类号:

P611

侯婷婷, 姚玉增, 付建飞, 刘静, 张永利, 郭荣荣. 辽宁弓长岭富铁矿成矿过程元素迁移特征研究[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(01): 56-67.

HOU Tingting, YAO Yuzeng, FU Jianfei, LIU Jing, ZHANG Yongli, GUO Rongrong. Study of the Characteristics of Mass Transfer During the Ore-forming Process of High-grade Iron Ore in the Gongchangling Iron Deposit, Liaoning[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(01): 56-67.

图/表 10

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矿石类型	样品编号	Al₂O₃				BaO			CaO			Cr₂O₃			TFe₂O₃			K₂O				MgO			MnO			Na₂O			P₂O₅				SiO₂				SrO			总量
贫铁矿	GCL-1	0.80				0.02			3.29			0.02			46.08			0.06				2.68			0.20			0.10			0.08				47.07				0.01			99.56
	GCL-2	0.61				0.02			4.88			0.02			44.52			0.05				3.20			0.22			0.09			0.09				45.64				0.01			99.64
	GCL-3	0.38				0.02			3.93			0.01			39.07			0.04				1.72			0.15			0.06			0.07				53.46				0.01			99.23
平均值		0.60				0.02			4.03			0.02			43.22			0.05				2.53			0.19			0.08			0.08				48.72				0.01			99.48
	GCL-4	0.34				0.03			0.80			0.02			97.05			0.03				0.42			0.03			0.05			0.02				0.81				0.01			99.96
富铁矿	GCL-5	0.12				0.03			0.38			0.02			99.89			0.04				0.23			0.04			0.04			0.26				0.86				0.01			99.06
	GCL-6	0.53				0.03			0.03			0.02			98.61			0.03				0.45			0.06			0.05			0.00				3.19				0.01			100.2
	GCL-7	0.59				0.03			0.35			0.03			98.96			0.04				0.86			0.04			0.05			0.26				1.58				0.01			100.2
平均值		0.40				0.03			0.39			0.02			98.63			0.04				0.49			0.04			0.05			0.14				1.61				0.01			99.85
矿石类型	样品编号		Ag	As			Be			Bi			Ce			Cs			Cu		Ga			Ge			Hf			In			Li			Mn		Mo			Nb			Ni
贫铁矿	GCL-1		0.01	NA			2.93			0.09			12.45			0.88			2.00		2.29			0.06			0.10			NA			1.4			1520.0		1.90			1.00			2.60
	GCL-2		0.02	0.70			1.22			0.12			1.66			1.68			8.30		4.22			0.05			0.10			0.01			1.7			1700.0		0.66			0.50			3.50
	GCL-3		0.01	0.70			1.69			0.13			7.95			0.57			6.00		2.39			0.05			0.10			NA			0.7			1120.0		0.80			0.50			2.10
平均值			0.01	0.70			1.95			0.11			7.35			1.04			5.43		2.97			0.05			0.10			NA			1.3			1446.7		1.10			0.67			2.73
	GCL-4		0.01	0.60			1.02			0.12			2.73			NA			1.00		2.48			0.10			NA			NA			2.8			172.00		0.60			0.80			7.40
富铁矿	GCL-5		0.01	NA			1.41			0.09			0.95			0.43			2.00		1.55			2.49			0.10			0.01			1.6			103.00		0.40			0.50			155.50
	GCL-6		0.01	0.60			0.46			0.03			0.03			0.05			0.50		3.12			1.70			NA			0.01			4.8			349.00		0.20			1.40			6.80
	GCL-7		0.17	NA			0.76			0.60			0.60			0.54			2.40		2.70			4.44			0.10			0.01			5.1			183.00		0.80			0.60			144.50
平均值			0.05	0.60			0.91			0.21			0.21			0.34			1.48		2.46			2.18			0.10			0.01			3.6			201.75		0.50			0.80			78.55
矿石类型	样品编号		P	Pb			Rb			S			Sb			Se			Sn		Sr			Ta			Th			Ti			U			V		W			Zn			Zr
贫铁矿	GCL-1		350.00	0.80			3.1			0.05			0.13			1.00			0.40		7.10			0.08			2.20			0.01			0.40			4.00		0.50			7.00			3.60
	GCL-2		390.00	0.80			5.0			0.13			0.10			1.00			0.40		10.50			NA			0.30			0.01			1.70			4.00		0.30			9.00			4.20
	GCL-3		320.00	1.00			2.2			0.27			0.11			1.00			0.20		16.00			0.08			0.60			0.01			0.50			3.00		0.30			4.00			2.90
平均值			353.33	0.87			3.4			0.15			0.11			1.00			0.33		11.20			0.08			1.03			0.01			0.87			3.67		0.37			6.67			3.57
	GCL-4		110.00	5.60			0.2			NA			0.98			1.00			0.90		8.90			1.00			0.20			NA			22.80			11.00		15.90			3.00			0.70
富铁矿	GCL-5		1070.0	1.00			2.2			NA			NA			1.00			1.00		4.50			NA			NA			NA			0.20			40.00		6.60			NA			NA
	GCL-6		20.00	0.80			0.3			NA			0.07			NA			1.20		1.00			0.11			NA			0.01			1.10			21.00		0.20			15.00			1.00
	GCL-7		1130.0	11.8			3.3			NA			NA			1.00			0.90		3.80			0.06			0.30			0.01			0.30			39.00		6.80			4.00			1.50
平均值			582.50	4.80			1.5			NA			0.53			1.00			1.00		4.55			0.39			0.25			0.01			6.10			27.75		7.38			7.33			1.07
矿石类型	样品编号		La		Ce			Pr			Nd			Sm			Eu			Gd			Tb			Dy			Ho			Er		Tm			Yb			Lu			Y
贫铁矿	GCL-1		9.70		13.60			1.31			4.10			0.61			0.35			0.55			0.10			0.62			0.14			0.37		0.06			0.40			0.07			5.20
	GCL-2		0.90		1.80			0.27			1.20			0.39			0.13			0.41			0.08			0.55			0.14			0.43		0.06			0.36			0.06			4.90
	GCL-3		5.90		8.50			0.85			3.00			0.47			0.19			0.47			0.09			0.54			0.12			0.40		0.06			0.37			0.07			4.80
平均值			5.50		7.97			0.81			2.77			0.49			0.22			0.48			0.09			0.57			0.13			0.40		0.06			0.38			0.07			4.97
	GCL-4		2.20		3.00			0.34			1.50			0.31			0.39			0.56			0.12			1.02			0.27			0.81		0.13			0.85			0.14			12.50
富铁矿	GCL-5		0.50		1.10			0.24			1.90			0.86			0.34			1.24			0.20			1.24			0.27			0.88		0.11			0.68			0.09			11.10
	GCL-6		0.80		1.30			0.16			0.60			0.17			0.09			0.22			0.05			0.34			0.10			0.31		0.04			0.26			0.05			3.80
	GCL-7		0.60		1.10			0.23			1.00			0.43			0.16			0.55			0.09			0.55			0.13			0.42		0.06			0.32			0.06			4.50
平均值			1.03		1.63			0.24			1.25			0.44			0.25			0.64			0.12			0.79			0.19			0.61		0.09			0.53			0.09			7.98

矿石类型	样品编号	Al₂O₃				BaO			CaO			Cr₂O₃			TFe₂O₃			K₂O				MgO			MnO			Na₂O			P₂O₅				SiO₂				SrO			总量
贫铁矿	GCL-1	0.80				0.02			3.29			0.02			46.08			0.06				2.68			0.20			0.10			0.08				47.07				0.01			99.56
	GCL-2	0.61				0.02			4.88			0.02			44.52			0.05				3.20			0.22			0.09			0.09				45.64				0.01			99.64
	GCL-3	0.38				0.02			3.93			0.01			39.07			0.04				1.72			0.15			0.06			0.07				53.46				0.01			99.23
平均值		0.60				0.02			4.03			0.02			43.22			0.05				2.53			0.19			0.08			0.08				48.72				0.01			99.48
	GCL-4	0.34				0.03			0.80			0.02			97.05			0.03				0.42			0.03			0.05			0.02				0.81				0.01			99.96
富铁矿	GCL-5	0.12				0.03			0.38			0.02			99.89			0.04				0.23			0.04			0.04			0.26				0.86				0.01			99.06
	GCL-6	0.53				0.03			0.03			0.02			98.61			0.03				0.45			0.06			0.05			0.00				3.19				0.01			100.2
	GCL-7	0.59				0.03			0.35			0.03			98.96			0.04				0.86			0.04			0.05			0.26				1.58				0.01			100.2
平均值		0.40				0.03			0.39			0.02			98.63			0.04				0.49			0.04			0.05			0.14				1.61				0.01			99.85
矿石类型	样品编号		Ag	As			Be			Bi			Ce			Cs			Cu		Ga			Ge			Hf			In			Li			Mn		Mo			Nb			Ni
贫铁矿	GCL-1		0.01	NA			2.93			0.09			12.45			0.88			2.00		2.29			0.06			0.10			NA			1.4			1520.0		1.90			1.00			2.60
	GCL-2		0.02	0.70			1.22			0.12			1.66			1.68			8.30		4.22			0.05			0.10			0.01			1.7			1700.0		0.66			0.50			3.50
	GCL-3		0.01	0.70			1.69			0.13			7.95			0.57			6.00		2.39			0.05			0.10			NA			0.7			1120.0		0.80			0.50			2.10
平均值			0.01	0.70			1.95			0.11			7.35			1.04			5.43		2.97			0.05			0.10			NA			1.3			1446.7		1.10			0.67			2.73
	GCL-4		0.01	0.60			1.02			0.12			2.73			NA			1.00		2.48			0.10			NA			NA			2.8			172.00		0.60			0.80			7.40
富铁矿	GCL-5		0.01	NA			1.41			0.09			0.95			0.43			2.00		1.55			2.49			0.10			0.01			1.6			103.00		0.40			0.50			155.50
	GCL-6		0.01	0.60			0.46			0.03			0.03			0.05			0.50		3.12			1.70			NA			0.01			4.8			349.00		0.20			1.40			6.80
	GCL-7		0.17	NA			0.76			0.60			0.60			0.54			2.40		2.70			4.44			0.10			0.01			5.1			183.00		0.80			0.60			144.50
平均值			0.05	0.60			0.91			0.21			0.21			0.34			1.48		2.46			2.18			0.10			0.01			3.6			201.75		0.50			0.80			78.55
矿石类型	样品编号		P	Pb			Rb			S			Sb			Se			Sn		Sr			Ta			Th			Ti			U			V		W			Zn			Zr
贫铁矿	GCL-1		350.00	0.80			3.1			0.05			0.13			1.00			0.40		7.10			0.08			2.20			0.01			0.40			4.00		0.50			7.00			3.60
	GCL-2		390.00	0.80			5.0			0.13			0.10			1.00			0.40		10.50			NA			0.30			0.01			1.70			4.00		0.30			9.00			4.20
	GCL-3		320.00	1.00			2.2			0.27			0.11			1.00			0.20		16.00			0.08			0.60			0.01			0.50			3.00		0.30			4.00			2.90
平均值			353.33	0.87			3.4			0.15			0.11			1.00			0.33		11.20			0.08			1.03			0.01			0.87			3.67		0.37			6.67			3.57
	GCL-4		110.00	5.60			0.2			NA			0.98			1.00			0.90		8.90			1.00			0.20			NA			22.80			11.00		15.90			3.00			0.70
富铁矿	GCL-5		1070.0	1.00			2.2			NA			NA			1.00			1.00		4.50			NA			NA			NA			0.20			40.00		6.60			NA			NA
	GCL-6		20.00	0.80			0.3			NA			0.07			NA			1.20		1.00			0.11			NA			0.01			1.10			21.00		0.20			15.00			1.00
	GCL-7		1130.0	11.8			3.3			NA			NA			1.00			0.90		3.80			0.06			0.30			0.01			0.30			39.00		6.80			4.00			1.50
平均值			582.50	4.80			1.5			NA			0.53			1.00			1.00		4.55			0.39			0.25			0.01			6.10			27.75		7.38			7.33			1.07
矿石类型	样品编号		La		Ce			Pr			Nd			Sm			Eu			Gd			Tb			Dy			Ho			Er		Tm			Yb			Lu			Y
贫铁矿	GCL-1		9.70		13.60			1.31			4.10			0.61			0.35			0.55			0.10			0.62			0.14			0.37		0.06			0.40			0.07			5.20
	GCL-2		0.90		1.80			0.27			1.20			0.39			0.13			0.41			0.08			0.55			0.14			0.43		0.06			0.36			0.06			4.90
	GCL-3		5.90		8.50			0.85			3.00			0.47			0.19			0.47			0.09			0.54			0.12			0.40		0.06			0.37			0.07			4.80
平均值			5.50		7.97			0.81			2.77			0.49			0.22			0.48			0.09			0.57			0.13			0.40		0.06			0.38			0.07			4.97
	GCL-4		2.20		3.00			0.34			1.50			0.31			0.39			0.56			0.12			1.02			0.27			0.81		0.13			0.85			0.14			12.50
富铁矿	GCL-5		0.50		1.10			0.24			1.90			0.86			0.34			1.24			0.20			1.24			0.27			0.88		0.11			0.68			0.09			11.10
	GCL-6		0.80		1.30			0.16			0.60			0.17			0.09			0.22			0.05			0.34			0.10			0.31		0.04			0.26			0.05			3.80
	GCL-7		0.60		1.10			0.23			1.00			0.43			0.16			0.55			0.09			0.55			0.13			0.42		0.06			0.32			0.06			4.50
平均值			1.03		1.63			0.24			1.25			0.44			0.25			0.64			0.12			0.79			0.19			0.61		0.09			0.53			0.09			7.98