川东南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质纳米孔隙结构表征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.054

现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (05): 1293-1305.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.054

川东南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质纳米孔隙结构表征

李东升¹(), 高平¹(), 盖海峰², 刘若冰³, 蔡益栋¹, 李刚¹, 周秦², 肖贤明¹

1.中国地质大学(北京)能源学院, 北京 100083
2.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
3.中国石化勘探分公司, 四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2023-03-15 修回日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2023-10-10 发布日期:2023-11-14
通讯作者: 高平,男,副教授,博士生导师,1987年出生,地质资源与地质工程专业,主要从事油气地球化学方面研究。Email: gaoping1212@cugb.edu.cn。
作者简介:李东升,男,硕士,1997年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,主要从事油气地球化学方面研究。Email: dongshengli@cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U19B6003-03-01);国家自然科学基金项目(42272140);国家自然科学基金项目(41502161)

Organic Nano-pore Textural Characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin

LI Dongsheng¹(), GAO Ping¹(), GAI Haifeng², LIU Ruobing³, CAI Yidong¹, LI Gang¹, ZHOU Qin², XIAO Xianming¹

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
3. Exploration Branch Company, SINOPEC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

Received:2023-03-15 Revised:2023-06-07 Online:2023-10-10 Published:2023-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

富有机质页岩中广泛发育的纳米孔隙是页岩气的重要储集空间。为了明确页岩有机质孔隙发育特征,以四川盆地东南部丁山地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、N₂和CO₂低压吸附实验,对龙马溪组页岩有机质面孔率进行统计,并对页岩中纳米孔隙结构特征进行表征。结果表明,总有机碳(TOC)含量是影响龙马溪组页岩纳米孔隙比表面积和孔容的主要因素。龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙的比表面积和孔容均随TOC含量上升而增加,且在TOC值较高时超过无机孔隙的比表面积和孔容。孔径为2~10 nm的孔隙对龙马溪组页岩的总孔容贡献最大。焦沥青相比于其他有机质发育更多的介孔,焦沥青含量增多将导致页岩中介孔孔容显著增加,而排油效率可通过影响焦沥青含量间接导致页岩纳米孔隙发育差异,高排油效率会降低页岩介孔和总孔孔容。在龙马溪组页岩勘探开发过程中,应综合考虑TOC含量、排油效率及焦沥青含量对页岩气储集条件的影响。

关键词: 有机质孔隙, 纳米孔隙结构, 气体吸附, 焦沥青, 龙马溪组, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The widely developed nano-pores in organic-rich shale are important storage space for shale gas.To determine the pore development characteristics of organic matter in shale, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in Dingshan area, southeast Sichuan Basin is taken as the research object.The surface porosity of organic matter was evaluated and the nano-pore structure characteristics were characterized based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-pressure N₂ and CO₂ adsorption analysis.The results indicate that total organic carbon (TOC) content was the major factor influencing the specific surface area and pore volume of nanopores in the Longmaxi Formation shale.With increasing TOC contents, the specific surface area and volume of organic pores increase.With higher TOC contents, the specific surface area and volume of organic pores played a dominant role over that of inorganic pores.The pore volume contribution of the 2-10 nm-sized pores to the total pore volume is the largest in the Longmaxi shale samples, and the pyrobitumen contains larger numbers of mesopores than the other types of organic matter (e.g., kerogen).The pyrobitumen content increase would significantly increase the mesopore volumes of the shale.However, the oil expulsion efficiency can indirectly affect the nanopore development via the variation of pyrobitumen contents.The volume of mesopores and total pores in the shale would be reduced due to high oil expulsion efficiency.In the exploration and development of Longmaxi Formation shale, the influence of TOC content, oil expulsion efficiency and pyrobitumen content on the reservoir conditions of shale gas should be considered comprehensively.

Key words: organic pore, nano-pore structure, gas adsorption, pyrobitumen, Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

李东升, 高平, 盖海峰, 刘若冰, 蔡益栋, 李刚, 周秦, 肖贤明. 川东南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质纳米孔隙结构表征[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1293-1305.

LI Dongsheng, GAO Ping, GAI Haifeng, LIU Ruobing, CAI Yidong, LI Gang, ZHOU Qin, XIAO Xianming. Organic Nano-pore Textural Characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1293-1305.

图/表 17

图1 四川盆地东南部丁山地区地层垂向剖面(b)及取样位置(a)(改自Gao等[39]) BT.宝塔组; LX.临湘组; WF.五峰组; GYQ.观音桥段; SNL.石牛栏组

Fig.1 Stratigraphic profile (b) and sampling location (a) in the Dingshan area, southeastern Sichuan Basin (modified from Gao et al.[39])

表1 丁页5井页岩样品的TOC含量、焦沥青面分布率和排油效率

Table 1 TOC content, pyrobitumen surface distribution rate and oil expulsion efficiency of shale samples from Well DY 5

样品	层位	深度 (m)	TOC (%)	焦沥青面分布率(%)	排油效率 (%)
DY5-43	龙马溪组	3743.0	0.77	0.38	28.6
DY5-39	龙马溪组	3749.8	1.24	0.38	60.3
DY5-34	龙马溪组	3759.4	0.81	0.39	30.6
DY5-23	龙马溪组	3776.8	0.92	0.42	35.2
DY5-22	龙马溪组	3778.7	1.11	0.40	51.9
DY5-19	龙马溪组	3784.3	1.49	0.66	38.0
DY5-12	龙马溪组	3796.8	2.38	0.57	70.3
DY5-09	龙马溪组	3802.4	2.81	0.64	71.9
DY5-07	龙马溪组	3806.4	2.70	0.64	70.6
DY5-06	龙马溪组	3808.5	3.69	0.78	74.1
DY5-05	龙马溪组	3809.7	4.56	0.91	75.7
DY5-02	五峰组	3814.6	4.39	1.31	61.7

表2 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青含量和Cp/TOC 比值

Table 2 Pyrobitumen content and Cp/TOC ratio of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY 5

样品	$W p$ (%)	C_p/TOC(%)
DY5-43	0.1939	25.1356
DY5-39	0.1939	15.6788
DY5-34	0.1991	24.6148
DY5-23	0.2144	23.3403
DY5-22	0.2042	18.4190
DY5-19	0.3373	22.5782
DY5-12	0.2912	12.2195
DY5-09	0.3271	11.6352
DY5-07	0.3271	12.1180
DY5-06	0.3989	10.8216
DY5-05	0.4657	10.2209
DY5-02	0.6717	14.9941

表2 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青含量和Cp/TOC 比值

Table 2 Pyrobitumen content and Cp/TOC ratio of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY 5

样品	$W p$ (%)	C_p/TOC(%)
DY5-43	0.1939	25.1356
DY5-39	0.1939	15.6788
DY5-34	0.1991	24.6148
DY5-23	0.2144	23.3403
DY5-22	0.2042	18.4190
DY5-19	0.3373	22.5782
DY5-12	0.2912	12.2195
DY5-09	0.3271	11.6352
DY5-07	0.3271	12.1180
DY5-06	0.3989	10.8216
DY5-05	0.4657	10.2209
DY5-02	0.6717	14.9941

图2 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩中TOC含量与焦沥青含量(a)和Cp/TOC比值(b)的交汇图

Fig.2 Cross-plots of the TOC contents versus pyrobitumen content (a) and Cp/TOC ratio (b) of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图3 页岩中干酪根、焦沥青以及有机质孔隙在扫描电镜下的分布 (a) 扫描电镜下的干酪根与焦沥青,干酪根具有自形性,焦沥青具有它形性;(b) 干酪根部分放大后图片,可见部分孔隙,但孔径较小;(b-1) 图(b)经过图像处理后效果,白色部分表示有机质背景,黑色部分表示孔隙;(c) 焦沥青放大后图片,图中孔隙发育明显,孔径相比干酪根更大;(c-1) 图(c)经过图像处理后效果,白色部分表示有机质背景,黑色部分表示孔隙

Fig.3 Distribution of kerogen, pyrobitumen and organic matter-hosted pores in shale under SEM imaging

图4 页岩中干酪根(a)与焦沥青(b)中不同孔径面孔率分布图

Fig.4 Frequency diagrams showing the distribution of surface porosity in various-sized pores of the kerogen (a) and pyrobitumen (b) in the shale samples

图5 丁页5井龙马溪组典型页岩样品的N2氮气吸附-解吸曲线(a)和CO2等温吸附曲线(b)

Fig.5 N2 adsorption desorption curves (a) and CO2 adsorption isotherms (b) of the typical Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图6 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩的孔隙比表面积与TOC值的关系

Fig.6 Relationship between pore specific surface area and TOC values of the Longmaxi shale samples in Well DY5

表3 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩的纳米孔隙比表面积分布

Table 3 Nanopore specific surface area distribution of the Longmaxi shale samples in Well DY5

样品	TOC (%)	微孔比表面积(m²·g^-1)			非微孔比表面积(m²·g^-1)			总孔隙比表面积(m²·g^-1)
样品	TOC (%)	有机质微孔	无机质微孔	总微孔	有机质非微孔	无机质非微孔	总非微孔	总孔	有机质孔	无机质孔
DY5-43	0.77	1.5601	10.4310	11.9910	2.9198	9.2389	12.1587	4.4799	19.6699	24.1497
DY5-39	1.24	2.5011	11.3482	13.8493	4.6809	8.9460	13.6269	7.1820	20.2942	27.4762
DY5-34	0.81	1.6351	11.6503	13.2854	3.0602	8.5125	11.5727	4.6953	20.1628	24.8581
DY5-23	0.92	1.8573	10.0959	11.9532	3.4761	7.4745	10.9506	5.3333	17.5704	22.9038
DY5-22	1.11	2.2412	9.4912	11.7324	4.1946	7.0429	11.2375	6.4359	16.5340	22.9699
DY5-19	1.49	3.0207	10.1833	13.2040	5.6534	7.2446	12.8980	8.6741	17.4279	26.1020
DY5-12	2.38	4.8181	10.5126	15.3307	9.0174	7.8447	16.8621	13.8356	18.3572	32.1928
DY5-09	2.81	5.6835	11.4814	17.1649	10.6370	7.6172	18.2542	16.3205	19.0986	35.4191
DY5-07	2.70	5.4570	11.8370	17.2940	10.2132	7.8196	18.0328	15.6702	19.6566	35.3268
DY5-06	3.69	7.4526	10.5238	17.9765	13.9481	6.4992	20.4473	21.4007	17.0230	38.4238
DY5-05	4.56	9.2116	10.6541	19.8658	17.2402	8.4451	25.6853	26.4519	19.0992	45.5511
DY5-02	4.39	8.8760	9.9947	18.8708	16.6121	9.2204	25.8325	25.4881	19.2152	44.7033

表4 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩纳米孔隙孔容分布

Table 4 Nanopore volume distribution of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

样品	TOC (%)	微孔体积(cm³·g^-1)			介孔体积(cm³·g^-1)			宏孔体积(cm³·g^-1)			总孔体积(cm³·g^-1)
样品	TOC (%)	有机质微孔	无机质微孔	总微孔	有机质介孔	无机质介孔	总介孔	有机质宏孔	无机质宏孔	总宏孔	有机质总孔	无机质总孔	总孔隙
DY5-43	0.77	0.0004	0.0012	0.0016	0.0010	0.0043	0.0053	0	0.0018	0.0018	0.0014	0.0073	0.0087
DY5-39	1.24	0.0006	0.0014	0.0020	0.0016	0.0039	0.0055	0	0.0012	0.0013	0.0023	0.0065	0.0088
DY5-34	0.81	0.0004	0.0014	0.0018	0.0011	0.0043	0.0054	0	0.0014	0.0014	0.0015	0.0071	0.0086
DY5-23	0.92	0.0005	0.0012	0.0017	0.0012	0.0037	0.0049	0	0.0013	0.0013	0.0017	0.0062	0.0079
DY5-22	1.11	0.0005	0.0010	0.0016	0.0015	0.0034	0.0049	0	0.0013	0.0013	0.0020	0.0057	0.0078
DY5-19	1.49	0.0007	0.0011	0.0018	0.0020	0.0033	0.0053	0	0.0011	0.0012	0.0028	0.0055	0.0083
DY5-12	2.38	0.0012	0.0013	0.0025	0.0032	0.0036	0.0067	0.0001	0.0015	0.0015	0.0044	0.0064	0.0108
DY5-09	2.81	0.0014	0.0014	0.0028	0.0037	0.0036	0.0073	0.0001	0.0013	0.0014	0.0052	0.0062	0.0114
DY5-07	2.70	0.0013	0.0013	0.0026	0.0036	0.0040	0.0076	0.0001	0.0014	0.0015	0.0050	0.0067	0.0117
DY5-06	3.69	0.0018	0.0011	0.0029	0.0049	0.0037	0.0085	0.0001	0.0013	0.0014	0.0068	0.0061	0.0129
DY5-05	4.56	0.0022	0.0013	0.0036	0.0060	0.0042	0.0102	0.0001	0.0019	0.0021	0.0084	0.0074	0.0159
DY5-02	4.39	0.0022	0.0012	0.0033	0.0058	0.0038	0.0096	0.0001	0.0009	0.0010	0.0081	0.0058	0.0139

图7 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩孔隙比表面积(a)与TOC含量(b)的关系图

Fig.7 Relationship between specific pore surface area (a) and TOC (b) content of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图8 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩的TOC含量和不同尺度孔容的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between TOC content and various-sized pore volume of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图9 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩页岩的有机质和无机质孔隙体积与TOC关系 (a) TOC对微孔、介孔及宏孔体积的影响;(b) TOC对纳米孔隙总体积的影响

Fig.9 Relationship between organic and inorganic pore volume and TOC value of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图10 龙马溪组页岩的TOC与黏土矿物含量关系(DY5井页岩数据来源于李东升等[43];XK2井页岩样品数据来源于Sun等[61])

Fig.10 Relationship between TOC and clay mineral contents of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples

图11 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩不同孔径段孔容分布特征

Fig.11 Volume distribution characteristics of the various-sized pores of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

图12 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩焦沥青含量对页岩纳米孔隙发育的影响 (a)焦沥青含量对页岩纳米孔隙结构的影响;(b) 经TOC归一化后页岩孔隙结构与焦沥青占有机质比例的关系

Fig.12 Effect of pyrobitumen contents on nano-pore development in the Longmaxi shale samples of Well DY5

图13 丁页5井龙马溪组页岩排油效率与TOC归一化孔容的关系

Fig.13 Relationship between oil expulsion efficiency and TOC-normalized pore volume of the Longmaxi Formation shale samples in Well DY5

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川东南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质纳米孔隙结构表征

Organic Nano-pore Textural Characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin

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