四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组四段微生物碳酸盐岩微相组合发育特征与储层主控因素分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过岩心观察、镜下鉴定、连井沉积相对比等研究,厘定了四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组四段微生物碳酸盐岩微相组合,并对储层主控因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组四段沉积微相为微生物丘与颗粒滩,垂向上颗粒滩向上演化为微生物丘,识别出丘基-丘核-丘翼、丘基-丘核-丘盖、丘基-丘核及滩间海-风暴滩4种沉积序列;平面上微生物丘含量由台缘向台内逐渐降低且整体沿台缘带呈西薄东厚的特征。(2)储层主控因素为丘滩复合体和风化壳岩溶作用,丘滩复合体为储层发育提供良好的物质基础,风化壳岩溶作用极大地改善储层的物性,而埋藏热液作用对储层发育的贡献具有两面性。(3)主要存在2类储层,沉积主控型储层,发育于灯影组四段下部;表生岩溶型储层,发育于灯影组四段上部。研究成果为丰富和完善高石梯地区微生物碳酸盐岩微相分类与储层主控因素分析提供基础材料和研究实例,可为后续勘探开发工作提供借鉴。

关键词: 微生物岩, 灯影组四段, 微相组合, 储层主控因素

Abstract:

In this paper, we clarified the microfacies combination characteristics and main factors controlling the reservoir development of the microbial carbonates in the Dengying Formation (the 4^th member) of Sinian System in Gaoshiti Area, Sichuan Basin by utilizing the core observation, microscopic identification, and well-connected sedimentary comparison.The results indicate that: (1) Sedimentary microfacies of the Dengying Formation (the 4^th member) is compose of microbial mounds and grain shoals.The grain shoals upwardly evolve into microbial mounds, and four types of sedimentary sequences are recognized, including the mound base-mound core-mound wing, mound base-mound core-mound cover, mound base-mound core, and inter beach sea-storm beach. (2) The mound-shoal complex and weathering crust are the predominant factors controlling the reservoir development.The mound-shoal complex provides good material basis for reservoirs, and weathering crust karstification greatly improves the reservoir petrophysical properties.Whereas, the burial hydrothermal process performs dual roles in the contribution of reservoir development. (3) There are two main reservoir genetic types in the Dengying Formation (the 4^th member), i.e., the sedimentary-dominated reservoirs and supergene-karst reservoirs, which are developed in the lower and upper part of Dengying Formation, respectively.This study provides basic materials and research examples for the enrichment and improvement of the microfacies classification and controlling factor analysis for the microbial carbonate reservoirs in the Gaoshiti area, which could guide subsequent exploration and development in this region.

Key words: microbiolite, Dengying Formation (the 4^th member), microphase combination, main control factors of reservoir

中图分类号:

P588.245

张宇慧, 朱正平, 罗文军, 潘仁芳, 刘曦翔. 四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组四段微生物碳酸盐岩微相组合发育特征与储层主控因素分析[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1282-1292.

ZHANG Yuhui, ZHU Zhengping, LUO Wenjun, PAN Renfang, LIU Xixiang. Development Characteristics and Reservoir Controlling Factors of Microbial Carbonate Microfacies Longitudinal Assemblage in the Dengying Formation (the 4^th Member) of Sinian System in Gaoshiti Area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1282-1292.

图/表 11

图1 研究区井位分布图(a)、四川盆地沉积相简图(b)(据邹才能等[29]修改)及高石7井灯影组四段上部地层综合柱状图(c)

Fig.1 Well location distribution map of the study area (a), brief sedimentary facies map of Sichuan Basin (b)(modified from Zou et al.[29]) and comprehensive column chart of core deposition of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) of well Gaoshi 7 (c)

图2 四川盆地高石梯区块灯四段主要岩石特征 (a)藻菌白云岩,高石1井,4983.67 m;(b)微晶藻菌白云岩,高科1井,5032.49 m;(c)叠层状白云岩,高科1井,5175 m,纹层为丘状;(d)纹层状白云岩,高科1井,5175 m;(e)残余砂屑白云岩,高石1井,4956.3 m;(f)凝块石云岩,不规则暗色与浅色凝块石颗粒,见溶蚀孔洞,高石102井,5187.9 m;(g)浅灰色厚层砂屑云岩,先锋剖面灯四段;(h)细晶白云岩,见溶蚀孔及残余结构,高石1井,4767 m;(i)灰白色含规则条带泥粉晶白云岩,规则条带与细纹层共生

Fig.2 Photos showing the rock characteristics of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member), Gaoshiti block, Sichuan Basin

图3 高石124井灯四段微生物丘微相组合特征

Fig.3 Microfacies combination characteristics of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in well Gaoshi 124

图4 高石103井灯四段微生物丘、颗粒滩微相组合特征 (a)高石103井灯四段微生物丘微相组合特征;(b)高石103井灯四段颗粒滩微相组合特征

Fig.4 Microfacies combination characteristics of microbial mounds and granular beach of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in well Gaoshi 103

图5 高石18井灯四段微生物丘微相组合特征

Fig.5 Microfacies combination characteristics of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in well Gaoshi 18

图6 高石7井灯四段微生物丘微相组合特征

Fig.6 Microfacies combination characteristics of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in well Gaoshi 7

图7 过高石7-高石 103-高石124沉积层序对比剖面

Fig.7 Sedimentary sequence correlation section of wells Gaoshi 7-Gaoshi 103-Gaoshi 124-Gaoshi 21

图8 四川盆地高石梯地区灯四1、灯四2、灯四3小层丘地比等值线图

Fig.8 Contour maps of dune to land ratio of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd sub-segments of Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in Gaoshiti area, Sichuan Basin

图9 四川盆地高石梯地区灯四段岩类平均孔隙度直方图(基于13口井岩心/486 m数据统计)

Fig.9 Average porosity histogram of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member)in Gaoshiti area, Sichuan basin (based on data of 486-meter cores from 13 wells)

图10 四川盆地高石梯区块灯四段储层储集空间特征 (a)藻颗粒白云岩,颗粒间溶蚀扩大孔,暗色沥青充填,高石1井,4959.4 m;(b)纹层状白云岩,藻体间及内部发育大量溶蚀孔,高石2井,5393.65 m;(c)粗晶白云岩,残余晶间溶蚀孔,白云石晶体大,为鞍状白云石,可能是热液成因,高石1井,4958.6 m;(d)粉晶白云岩,溶蚀扩大缝及溶蚀孔,高石1井,5978.3 m;(e)凝块白云岩,溶蚀洞,有顺层发育的特点,洞类见白云石充填,高石21井,5248.8 m;(f)纹层状泥晶白云岩,顺裂缝发育的溶蚀洞缝,被石英充填,高石127井,5879.5 m;(g)砂屑白云岩,溶蚀孔洞,岩溶渗流泥,高石129井,5441.21 m;(h)底部浅灰色藻菌云岩与上部深灰色含砾屑泥晶云岩突变接触,高石20井,5247.56 m;(i)深灰色含砾屑砂屑泥晶云岩,从下至上颗粒明显变细,表现出正韵律,高石20井,5246.24 m;(j)灰色-深灰色含砾屑泥晶云岩,砾石为浅灰色藻颗粒,见明显的正粒序及定向排列,高石102井,5164.03 m

Fig.10 Reservoir space characteristics of the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member) in the Gaoshiti block, Sichuan Basin

图11 四川盆地高石梯区块灯四段岩心样品孔隙度-渗透率分布散点图(1 mD=10-3 μm2)

Fig.11 Distribution scatter plot of porosity and permeability for core samples in the Dengying Formation (the 4th Member), Gaoshiti Block, Sichuan Basin

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