Environmental Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Western Bohai Sea

Abstract

Abstract:

The contents of As,Cu,Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb and Zn in surface sediments from 44 sampling sites in the western Bohai Sea were measured to investigate environmental geochemical characteristics of heavy metals related to multiple factors. The average concentrations of heavy metals of As,Cu,Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb and Zn were 11.7 mg/kg,25.5 mg/kg,0.14 mg/kg,68.9 mg/kg,0.037 mg/kg,30.3 mg/kg,22.3 mg/kg and 75.7 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of heavy metals of Cu,Cr,Ni and Zn showed significantly positive correlation with the organic carbon content and the amount of fine-grained sediments (<63 μm), and their distributions in surface sediments were controlled obviously by the content of organic matter and the grain size of sediments while the distributions of As and Hg was not significantly affected by organic matter content. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to weigh whether the observed concentrations were higher than background levels. Three groups of elements were sorted: (1) Cr,Ni,Pb and Zn were at background concentrations; (2) Cu and As were slightly enriched; and (3) Cd and Hg were moderately enriched. Compared with variety of background values and the internationally used consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (CBSQGs) for salt water ecosystem,heavy metals in surface sediments from the western Bohai Sea implied a low probability of toxic effect,despite a sharp contamination trend pertaining to Cd and Pb.

Key words: surface sediment, heavy metal, background value, sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), western Bohai Sea

CLC Number:

P736.4
X142

LAN Xianhong, GU Zhaofeng, MI Beibei, QIN Yachao, HUNAG Long, XU Yang. Environmental Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Western Bohai Sea[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(02): 367-373.

Figures/Tables 8

References 35

[1]	蓝先洪, 梅西, 李日辉, 等. 晚更新世以来南黄海北部泥质区沉积物元素的分布及来源分析[J]. 现代地质, 2015, 29(4):777-788.
[2]	甘居利, 贾晓平, 李纯厚, 等. 南海北部陆架区表层沉积物中重金属分布和污染状况[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2003, 22(1):36-42.
[3]	ZHOU H Y, PENG X T, PAN J M. Distribution, source and enrichment of some chemical elements in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2004, 24: 1857-1875. DOI URL
[4]	蓝先洪, 张志珣, 李日辉, 等. 长江口外海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征[J]. 现代地质, 2011, 25(6):1066-1076.
[5]	蓝先洪, 密蓓蓓, 李日辉, 等. 渤海东部和黄海北部沉积物中重金属分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(10):2660-2668.
[6]	马德毅, 王菊英. 中国主要河口沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2003, 23(5):521-525.
[7]	申旭红, 肖飞鹏, 肖进中. 中国三大海域沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其生态危害[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(24):12199 -12201.
[8]	张玉凤, 王立军, 霍传林, 等. 锦州湾表层沉积物重金属污染状况评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2008, 27(2):178-181.
[9]	张雷, 秦延文, 郑丙辉, 等. 环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011, 31(8):1676-1684.
[10]	胡宁静, 石学法, 黄朋, 等. 渤海辽东湾表层沉积物中金属元素分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010, 30(3):380-388.
[11]	郁滨赫, 刘红磊, 卢学强, 等. 天津近岸表层沉积物重金属和放射性核素分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(6):1053-1059.
[12]	陈江麟, 刘文新, 刘书臻, 等. 渤海表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 海洋科学, 2004, 28(12):16-21.
[13]	周笑白, 梅鹏蔚, 彭露露, 等. 渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(3):452-456. DOI
[14]	胡宁静, 刘季花, 黄朋, 等. 渤海莱州湾表层沉积物中金属元素分布及环境质量[J]. 海洋学报, 2012, 34(2):92-100.
[15]	吴晓燕, 刘汝海, 秦洁, 等. 黄河口沉积物重金属含量变化特征研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2007(增刊):69-73.
[16]	刘明, 张爱滨, 范德江, 等. 渤海中部底质沉积物重金属环境质量[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32(2):279-290.
[17]	吕书丛, 张洪, 单保庆, 等. 海河流域主要河口区域沉积物中重金属空间分异及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(11):4204-4210.
[18]	宋永刚, 田金, 吴金浩, 等. 春季和夏季辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布和来源[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015, 28(9):72-80.
[19]	腾德强, 吕颂辉, 郭福星, 等. 长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2012, 32(2):11-19.
[20]	甘华阳, 梁开, 郑志昌. 珠江口沉积物的重金属背景值及污染评价分区[J]. 地球与环境, 2010, 38(3):344-350.
[21]	郭福星, 吕颂辉, 滕德强, 等. 黄海表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征与生态风险评价[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(15):9212-9216.
[22]	赵宝刚, 邵秘华, 鲍永恩, 等. 东海表层沉积物中重金属集散特征及变化规律[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2008, 34(3):13-16
[23]	张远辉, 杜俊民. 南海表层沉积物中主要污染物的环境背景值[J]. 海洋学报, 2005, 27(4):161-167.
[24]	乔永民, 黄长江, 林潮平, 等. 粤东拓林湾表层沉积物的汞和砷研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2004, 23(3):29-35.
[25]	XU B, YANG X B, GU Z Y, et al. The trend and extent of heavy metal accumulation over last one hundred years in the Liaodong Bay, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 75:442-446. DOI PMID
[26]	李娟, 杨忠芳, 夏学齐, 等. 长江沉积物环境地球化学特征及生态风险评价[J]. 现代地质, 2012, 26(5):939-946.
[27]	ElNEMR A, KHALED A, ElSIKAILY A. Distribution and statistical analysis of leachable and total heavy metals in the sediments of the Suez Gulf[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006, 118:89-112. DOI URL
[28]	赵一阳, 鄢明才. 中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994:120-175.
[29]	SUTHERLAND R A. Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii[J]. Environmental Geology, 2000, 39:611-627. DOI URL
[30]	REIMANN C, DECARITAT P. Intrinsic flaws of element enrichment factors (EFs) in environmental geochemistry[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000, 34:5084-5091. DOI URL
[31]	郝静, 李淑媛, 周永芝, 等. 渤海辽东湾沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd环境背景值初步研究[J]. 海洋学报, 1989, 11(6):742-748.
[32]	李淑媛, 郝静. 渤海湾及其附近海域沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd环境背景值的研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1992, 23(1):39-48.
[33]	李淑媛, 苗丰民, 刘国贤, 等. 渤海重金属污染历史研究[J]. 海洋环境科学, 1996, 15(4):28-31.
[34]	MACDONALD D D, DIPINTO L M, FIELD J, et al. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000, 19( 5) : 1403-1413. DOI URL
[35]	APITZ S E. Analysis of the internationally used sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for use in Venice Lagoon sediment assessment and management[M]//SEA.Report to Thetis SPA Venice,Italy,SEA Environmental Decisions. Herts: SEA, 2003:111-112.

项目	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
最小值	11.9	12.7	33.1	33.2	12.1	0.07	7.19	0.012
最大值	36.4	30.8	106	91.2	40.1	0.40	16.0	0.088
平均值	25.5	22.3	75.7	68.9	30.3	0.14	11.7	0.037
标准偏差	7.29	4.99	19.7	13.5	7.73	0.06	2.35	0.02
变异系数	0.29	0.22	0.26	0.20	0.26	0.42	0.20	0.42

项目	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
最小值	11.9	12.7	33.1	33.2	12.1	0.07	7.19	0.012
最大值	36.4	30.8	106	91.2	40.1	0.40	16.0	0.088
平均值	25.5	22.3	75.7	68.9	30.3	0.14	11.7	0.037
标准偏差	7.29	4.99	19.7	13.5	7.73	0.06	2.35	0.02
变异系数	0.29	0.22	0.26	0.20	0.26	0.42	0.20	0.42

	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg	C_org	砂	粉砂	黏土
Cu	1.00
Pb	0.94^**	1.00
Zn	0.97^**	0.90^**	1.00
Cr	0.85^**	0.76^**	0.90^**	1.00
Ni	0.91^**	0.79^**	0.95^**	0.95^**	1.00
Cd	0.65^**	0.63^**	0.67^**	0.48^**	0.57^**	1.00
As	0.42^**	0.34^*	0.40^**	0.56^**	0.57^**	0.18	1.00
Hg	0.50^**	0.60^**	0.49^**	0.45^**	0.51^**	0.41^**	0.46^**	1.00
C_org	0.86^**	0.75^**	0.91^**	0.76^**	0.83^**	0.61^**	0.13	0.32^*	1.00
砂	-0.78^**	-0.71^**	-0.83^**	-0.89^**	-0.90^**	-0.48^**	-0.62^**	-0.56^**	-0.64^**	1.00
粉砂	0.62^**	0.57^**	0.69^**	0.80^**	0.77^**	0.38^*	0.61^**	0.53^**	0.46^**	-0.95^**	1.00
黏土	0.87^**	0.78^**	0.88^**	0.83^**	0.90^**	0.53^**	0.49^**	0.49^**	0.79^**	-0.83^**	0.61^**	1.00

	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg	C_org	砂	粉砂	黏土
Cu	1.00
Pb	0.94^**	1.00
Zn	0.97^**	0.90^**	1.00
Cr	0.85^**	0.76^**	0.90^**	1.00
Ni	0.91^**	0.79^**	0.95^**	0.95^**	1.00
Cd	0.65^**	0.63^**	0.67^**	0.48^**	0.57^**	1.00
As	0.42^**	0.34^*	0.40^**	0.56^**	0.57^**	0.18	1.00
Hg	0.50^**	0.60^**	0.49^**	0.45^**	0.51^**	0.41^**	0.46^**	1.00
C_org	0.86^**	0.75^**	0.91^**	0.76^**	0.83^**	0.61^**	0.13	0.32^*	1.00
砂	-0.78^**	-0.71^**	-0.83^**	-0.89^**	-0.90^**	-0.48^**	-0.62^**	-0.56^**	-0.64^**	1.00
粉砂	0.62^**	0.57^**	0.69^**	0.80^**	0.77^**	0.38^*	0.61^**	0.53^**	0.46^**	-0.95^**	1.00
黏土	0.87^**	0.78^**	0.88^**	0.83^**	0.90^**	0.53^**	0.49^**	0.49^**	0.79^**	-0.83^**	0.61^**	1.00

海域	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
渤海西部	25.5	22.3	0075.7	68.9	30.3	00.14	11.70	0.037
滦河口^[17]	10.7	35.7	49.6	41.2	19.3	0.06
标准偏差^[17]	4.22	4.75	20.50	9.25	4.00	0.02
海河口^[17]	36.5	48.3	189.0	76.0	48.7	0.15
标准偏差^[17]	10.6	3.6	22.7	16.6	10.6	0.07
黄河口^[15]	18.6	13.3	32.0	20.0		0.13	9.0	0.045
标准偏差^[15]	6.5	4.2	7.1	7.3		0.03	1.70	0.021
辽东湾^[18]	27.4	25.4	90.4			0.36	11.6	0.04
标准偏差^[18]	3.44	7.21	30.9			0.17	2.74	0.01
锦州湾^[8]	416.9	753.2	6 419	60.6		248.1		396.5
莱州湾^[14]	13.3	20.2	59.4	57.1	19.4	0.10	13.1
标准偏差^[14]	5.8	5.1	15.4	11.5	6.6	0.01	2.3
长江口^[19]	17.3	16.2	55.5	31.7		0.11		0.019
标准偏差^[19]	8.3	4.9	15.7	8.0		0.06		0.013
珠江口^[20]	38.6	44.0	100.7	81.1		0.20	22.9	0.17
标准偏差^[20]	13.2	11.4	32.5	14.5		0.1	7.5	0.10
黄海^[21]	18.8	17.6	56.1	32.5		0.13		0.019
标准偏差^[21]	8.83	6.93	23.6	10.5		0.07		0.013
东海^[22]	13.0	22.2	68.7	146.2		0.06		0.12
标准偏差^[22]	5.56	7.72	18.3	22.8		0.10		0.07
南海^[23]	34.0	24.1	108.0	57.9		0.25	6.58	0.06
标准偏差^[23]	24.7	8.0	45.0	19.4		0.08	3.41	0.04