Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Risk Assessment Based on Different Ways of Land Use: A Case Study of Integrated Protection and Restoration Project of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes, Grass and Sand in the Liaohe River Basin (Huntai River System)

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.034

Abstract

Abstract:

In the project “Liaohe River Basin (Huntai River system) mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grass and sand integrated protection and restoration project”, basing on soil monitoring data of construction land and agricultural land in restoration area of upper reaches of Huntai River system, we established a soil heavy metal pollution assessment system.The system integrates correlation analysis, single factor index, compound index, potential ecological risk index, and the inverse distance weight interpolation method.The results show that the elements including arsenic, mercury, lead, nickel, cadmium and zinc in agricultural land have similar pollution source, while arsenic, mercury and lead in construction land have similar pollution source.Soil environmental quality was comprehensively assessed by combining the single factor index and composite index.Agricultural land contains cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium pollution, while construction land has only lead pollution.Ranking of heavy metal pollution area shows chromium>lead>copper>zinc>nickel>cadmium; Ranking of composite pollution type area shows pollution-free>single-element pollution>two-element pollution>three-element pollution. Composite level area ranking shows clean>alert>light pollution.According to the potential ecological risk index, the potential ecological risk levels of single heavy metal on construction land and agricultural land are determined to be of minor hazard level.The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of construction land is 2.13 to 15.23, and that of agricultural land is 5.79 to 41.99, both are within the minor ecological hazard range.Our results can accurately determine the type, location and area of heavy metal pollution, which can provide a basis for soil environmental control in the upper reaches of Huntai River system, and the established research system can also provide references for soil environmental assessment in other basins.

Key words: Huntai River system, soil heavy metal pollution, single factor index, compound index, potential ecological risk index

CLC Number:

LI Nan, CAO Mingjie, HAO Zhe, HOU Yongli, CHEN Hongdan, ZHANG Ying. Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Risk Assessment Based on Different Ways of Land Use: A Case Study of Integrated Protection and Restoration Project of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes, Grass and Sand in the Liaohe River Basin (Huntai River System)[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(06): 1655-1664.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Distribution map of Huntai River system (a) and zoning map of Fushun City administrative (b)

Fig.2 Soil environment monitoring sites in Fushun City

Table 1 Single-factor pollution index grading[22]

单因子污染指数	级别	污染程度
P_i<0.7	1	清洁
0.7≤P_i<1	2	警戒
1≤P_i<2	3	轻度污染
2≤P_i<3	4	中度污染
P_i≥3	5	重度污染

Table 2 Ecological risk assessment index and classification criteria[24]

名称	轻微	中等	强	很强	极强
单一潜在生态风险指数( $E i r$ )	<40	40(含) ~80	80(含) ~160	160(含) ~320	≥320
综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)	<150	150(含) ~300	300(含) ~600	600(含) ~1200	≥1200

Table 2 Ecological risk assessment index and classification criteria[24]

名称	轻微	中等	强	很强	极强
单一潜在生态风险指数( $E i r$ )	<40	40(含) ~80	80(含) ~160	160(含) ~320	≥320
综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)	<150	150(含) ~300	300(含) ~600	600(含) ~1200	≥1200

Table 3 Heavy metal content of agricultural soil in Fushun city (10-6)

数值类型	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍	锌	铬
最大值	2.95	0.020	0.300	81.0	33.2	111.0	352.0	197.0
最小值	0.96	0.002	0.005	12.0	2.5	1.5	35.0	102.0
平均值	1.53	0.008	0.050	36.4	13.2	16.8	153.8	145.3
标准差	0.39	0.005	0.070	20.9	7.1	20.4	50.7	29.4
变异系数(%)	25.5	65.7	138.2	57.6	53.4	121.4	33.0	20.2

Table 4 Heavy metal content in soils of construction land in Fushun City (10-6)

数值类型	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍
最大值	10.78	0.09	19.30	1152.0	911.0	315.0
最小值	2.01	0.02	0.01	7.0	40.0	103.0
平均值	5.24	0.05	6.74	289.7	237.5	150.1
标准差	1.98	0.02	5.60	143.7	128.2	48.2
变异系数 (%)	38.1	34.4	83.4	50.2	54.1	32.3

Table 5 Correlation of heavy metals in soils of agricultural land in Fushun City

	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍	锌	铬
砷	1.00
汞	0.633^**	1.00
镉	0.056	0.307^*	1.00
铜	0.063	-0.113	0.079	1.00
铅	0.275^*	0.471^**	0.239	-0.017	1.00
镍	0.448^**	0.279^*	-0.236	0.167	0.349^**	1.00
锌	0.005	0.109	0.301^*	-0.269^*	0.162	0.061	1.00
铬	0.019	-0.131	-0.399^**	0.071	-0.144	0.189	-0.148	1

Table 6 Correlation of heavy metals in soils of construction land in Fushun City

	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍
砷	1
汞	0.316^**	1
镉	-0.282^**	-0.010	1
铜	0.089	0.063	-0.072	1
铅	0.234^**	0.035	-0.002	0.166	1
镍	0.167	-0.134	-0.213^*	-0.002	-0.096	1

Table 7 Single factor index of heavy metals in soils in Fushun City

土地利用类型	数值类型	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍	锌	铬
农用地	P_i范围	0.024~0.074	0.001~0.015	0.017~1	0.240~1.620	0.034~0.369	0.021~1.850	0.175~1.760	0.680~1.313
农用地	平均值	0.038	0.005	0.168	0.726	0.163	0.259	0.769	0.969
建设用地	P_i范围	0.034~0.180	0.001~0.002	0~0.297	0~0.062	0.050~1.139	0.114~0.350
建设用地	平均值	0.087	0.001	0.104	0.016	0.297	0.167

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution of soils in Fushun City

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of heavy metal composite pollutiontypes of soils in Fushun City

Table 8 Statistics of heavy metal pollutant assemblages for soils in Fushun City

级别	复合污染情况	污染元素	土地类型	面积(hm²)	占总面积比例 (%)
Ⅰ	无污染	无	无	1919412.02	91.83
Ⅱ	单一元素污染	铜、铅、锌、铬	建设用地(2点位)、农用地(27点位)	150156.83	7.18
Ⅲ	双元素污染	铜、铬;锌、铬;镍、铬;铜、镍	农用地(10点位)	20471.83	0.98
Ⅳ	三元素污染	铬、铜、镉	农用地(1点位)	12.12	0.01

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of heavy metal composite pollution levels of soils in Fushun City

Table 9 Potential ecological risk index and degree of harmfulness for soils in Fushun City

土地类型	数值类型	砷	汞	镉	铜	铅	镍	锌	铬	综合潜在生态风险指数	风险等级
建设用地	最大值	1.80	0.10	8.91	0.32	5.69	1.75	—	—	15.23	轻微生态危害
	最小值	0.34	0.02	0	0	0.25	0.57	—	—	2.13
	平均值	0.88	0.05	3.13	0.08	1.51	0.84	—	—	6.47
农用地	最大值	0.74	0.58	30	8.10	1.84	9.25	1.76	2.63	41.99	轻微生态危害
	最小值	0.24	0.04	0.50	1.20	0.17	0.11	0.18	1.36	5.79
	平均值	0.39	0.20	5.40	3.67	0.82	1.41	0.78	1.94	14.42

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