REE Characteristics in Surface Sediments of Zhanjiang Bay and their Provenance Indicating Significance

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.166

Abstract

Abstract:

Sediment geochemical characteristics and provenance in offshore Zhanjiang Bay were systematically studied by analyzing the grain size and rare earth elements (REEs) of surface sediment samples. The results show that the REE contents of sediments vary greatly (average 163.23 μg/g). The REE contents of outside the bay (168.61 μg/g) is higher than those in the bay (142.17 μg/g). The REE contents in different sediment types vary, which increase with the decrease of grain size. (La/Yb)_N ranges from 4.80 to 11.76 (average 8.01); Europium anomaly (δEu) value ranges from 0.22 to 0.61 (average 0.45); Cerium anomaly (δCe) value ranges from 0.98 to 1.07 (average 1.03). The samples are characterized by typical light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, homogeneity of heavy rare earth element (HREE) and distinct negative Eu anomaly, indicating that these sediments are terrigenous. Chondrite-normalized REE curves and REE parameters show that the sediments in Zhanjiang Bay are approximately homologous with those from around Jianjiang, Moyangjiang and Pearl Rivers, and are mainly sourced from granitoids in South China, basalts in northern Leizhou Peninsula, and unconsolidated sediments of the Zhanjiang and Beihai Formations.

Key words: surface sediment, rare earth element, provenance, Zhanjiang Bay

CLC Number:

P736.4
P595

YUAN Jidong, JIANG Zhenglong, DAI Youxu, HAO Liancheng, ZHANG Jiankang, ZHANG Decheng, ZHENG Lilong. REE Characteristics in Surface Sediments of Zhanjiang Bay and their Provenance Indicating Significance[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(01): 77-87.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Geographic location map and distribution of sampling sites in Zhanjiang Bay

Fig.2 Stratigraphic division in the study area (modified from refs.[18-19])

Table 1 REE parameters of the different sediment types in Zhanjiang Bay

沉积物类型	REE/(μg/g)	LREE/(μg/g)	HREE/(μg/g)	LREE/HREE	(La/Yb)_N	(La/Sm)_N	(Gd/Yb)_N	δCe	δEu
砂 (n=13)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 121.66$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 106.85$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 14.81$	$5.39 ~ 10.01 7.12$	$4.88 ~ 10.69 6.87$	$3.27 ~ 4.66 3.71$	$0.99 ~ 1.59 1.28$	$0.99 ~ 1.05 1.02$	$0.22 ~ 0.55 0.35$
粉砂质砂 (n=24)	$36.86 ~ 283.62 167.40$	$31.95 ~ 251.79 149.00$	$4.91 ~ 31.83 18.40$	$5.36 ~ 9.68 8.02$	$4.80 ~ 11.01 8.06$	$3.09 ~ 4.29 3.80$	$1.12 ~ 1.82 1.43$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.02$	$0.29 ~ 0.55 0.44$
砂质粉砂 (n=19)	$91.80 ~ 230.73 181.66$	$80.82 ~ 210.40 162.27$	$10.98 ~ 24.73 19.39$	$6.71 ~ 10.35 8.34$	$6.53 ~ 11.76 8.76$	$3.34 ~ 4.28 3.79$	$1.27 ~ 1.54 1.76$	$1.00 ~ 1.06 1.03$	$0.41 ~ 0.57 0.52$
粉砂 (n=2)	$220.85 ~ 233.09 226.97$	$197.50 ~ 205.40 201.46$	$23.35 ~ 27.67 25.51$	$7.42 ~ 8.46 7.94$	$7.61 ~ 8.88 8.25$	$3.49 ~ 3.67 3.58$	$1.49 ~ 1.62 1.55$	$0.98 ~ 1.05 1.02$	$0.54 ~ 0.61 0.58$
砂质泥 (n=1)	126.19	111.16	15.03	7.40	7.10	3.64	1.35	1.03	0.58
湾内 (n=12)	$36.86 ~ 220.85 142.17$	$31.95 ~ 197.5 125.46$	$4.91 ~ 24.73 16.71$	$6.51 ~ 8.48 7.46$	$5.92 ~ 8.88 7.39$	$3.34 ~ 4.29 3.66$	$1.19 ~ 1.62 1.40$	$1.00 ~ 1.07 1.03$	$0.34 ~ 0.61 0.50$
湾外 (n=47)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 168.61$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 150.14$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 18.47$	$5.36 ~ 10.35 8.03$	$4.80 ~ 11.76 8.17$	$3.09 ~ 4.66 3.79$	$0.99 ~ 1.82 1.45$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.02$	$0.22 ~ 0.57 0.44$
研究区 (n=59)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 163.23$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 145.12$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 18.11$	$5.36 ~ 10.35 7.91$	$4.80 ~ 11.76 8.01$	$3.09 ~ 4.66 3.77$	$0.99 ~ 1.82 1.44$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.03$	$0.22 ~ 0.61 0.45$

Table 1 REE parameters of the different sediment types in Zhanjiang Bay

沉积物类型	REE/(μg/g)	LREE/(μg/g)	HREE/(μg/g)	LREE/HREE	(La/Yb)_N	(La/Sm)_N	(Gd/Yb)_N	δCe	δEu
砂 (n=13)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 121.66$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 106.85$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 14.81$	$5.39 ~ 10.01 7.12$	$4.88 ~ 10.69 6.87$	$3.27 ~ 4.66 3.71$	$0.99 ~ 1.59 1.28$	$0.99 ~ 1.05 1.02$	$0.22 ~ 0.55 0.35$
粉砂质砂 (n=24)	$36.86 ~ 283.62 167.40$	$31.95 ~ 251.79 149.00$	$4.91 ~ 31.83 18.40$	$5.36 ~ 9.68 8.02$	$4.80 ~ 11.01 8.06$	$3.09 ~ 4.29 3.80$	$1.12 ~ 1.82 1.43$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.02$	$0.29 ~ 0.55 0.44$
砂质粉砂 (n=19)	$91.80 ~ 230.73 181.66$	$80.82 ~ 210.40 162.27$	$10.98 ~ 24.73 19.39$	$6.71 ~ 10.35 8.34$	$6.53 ~ 11.76 8.76$	$3.34 ~ 4.28 3.79$	$1.27 ~ 1.54 1.76$	$1.00 ~ 1.06 1.03$	$0.41 ~ 0.57 0.52$
粉砂 (n=2)	$220.85 ~ 233.09 226.97$	$197.50 ~ 205.40 201.46$	$23.35 ~ 27.67 25.51$	$7.42 ~ 8.46 7.94$	$7.61 ~ 8.88 8.25$	$3.49 ~ 3.67 3.58$	$1.49 ~ 1.62 1.55$	$0.98 ~ 1.05 1.02$	$0.54 ~ 0.61 0.58$
砂质泥 (n=1)	126.19	111.16	15.03	7.40	7.10	3.64	1.35	1.03	0.58
湾内 (n=12)	$36.86 ~ 220.85 142.17$	$31.95 ~ 197.5 125.46$	$4.91 ~ 24.73 16.71$	$6.51 ~ 8.48 7.46$	$5.92 ~ 8.88 7.39$	$3.34 ~ 4.29 3.66$	$1.19 ~ 1.62 1.40$	$1.00 ~ 1.07 1.03$	$0.34 ~ 0.61 0.50$
湾外 (n=47)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 168.61$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 150.14$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 18.47$	$5.36 ~ 10.35 8.03$	$4.80 ~ 11.76 8.17$	$3.09 ~ 4.66 3.79$	$0.99 ~ 1.82 1.45$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.02$	$0.22 ~ 0.57 0.44$
研究区 (n=59)	$24.22 ~ 311.40 163.23$	$20.97 ~ 273.01 145.12$	$3.25 ~ 38.39 18.11$	$5.36 ~ 10.35 7.91$	$4.80 ~ 11.76 8.01$	$3.09 ~ 4.66 3.77$	$0.99 ~ 1.82 1.44$	$0.98 ~ 1.07 1.03$	$0.22 ~ 0.61 0.45$

Fig.3 Distribution patterns for the average grain size ( X ¯) and REE parameters of the surface sediments from the study area

Table 2 REE parameters of sediments in the study area and other areas

沉积物类型	REE/(μg/g)	LREE/(μg/g)	HREE/(μg/g)	LREE/HREE	(La/Yb)_N	δCe	δEu
本文	163.23	145.12	18.11	7.91	8.01	1.03	0.45
湛江湾^[22]	193.63	174.18	19.45	8.95	12.09	1.00	0.59
湛江湾^[12]	198.19	179.50	18.69	9.60	11.42	1.02	0.69
鉴江^[23]	187.36	168.35	19.01	8.86	9.49	0.61	0.99
雷州半岛近海^[24]	175.40	159.05	16.35	9.21	11.22	0.96	0.57
黄河^[25]	137.76	122.66	15.10	8.12	9.53	0.91	0.66
长江^[25]	167.10	149.49	17.61	8.49	10.91	0.90	0.68
伶仃洋^[26]	279.21	256.68	22.53	11.39	14.70	1.08	0.64
中国南海^[27]	116.27	103.77	12.50	8.30	8.61	1.04	0.65
中国黄土^[20]	155.31	138.01	17.30	7.98	8.08	1.08	0.65
中国浅海^[21]	157.06	142.97	14.09	10.15	10.11	1.03	0.57
中国土壤^[28]	155.95	140.79	15.16	9.29	10.87	0.99	0.59
UCC^[2]	146.37	132.48	13.89	9.54	9.19	1.06	0.65
深海沉积物^[29]	125.93	88.16	37.77	2.33	1.77	0.66	0.75

Table 3 Pearson correlation matrix of REE parameters with the average grain size ( X ¯) (n=59)

	REE	LREE/HREE	(La/Yb)_N	(La/Sm)_N	(Gd/Yb)_N	δCe	δEu	$X ¯$
REE	1.00
LREE/HREE	0.50^**	1.00
(La/Yb)_N	0.50^**	0.98^**	1.00
(La/Sm)_N	0.35^**	0.70^**	0.65^**	1.00
(Gd/Yb)_N	0.46^**	0.86^**	0.93^**	0.34^**	1.00
δCe	-0.08	-0.02	-0.06	-0.07	-0.01	1.00
δEu	-0.14	0.26	0.29^*	-0.02	0.40^**	0.14	1.00
$X ¯$	0.53^**	0.46^**	0.47^**	0.20	0.50^**	0.08	0.60^**	1.00

Table 3 Pearson correlation matrix of REE parameters with the average grain size ( X ¯) (n=59)

	REE	LREE/HREE	(La/Yb)_N	(La/Sm)_N	(Gd/Yb)_N	δCe	δEu	$X ¯$
REE	1.00
LREE/HREE	0.50^**	1.00
(La/Yb)_N	0.50^**	0.98^**	1.00
(La/Sm)_N	0.35^**	0.70^**	0.65^**	1.00
(Gd/Yb)_N	0.46^**	0.86^**	0.93^**	0.34^**	1.00
δCe	-0.08	-0.02	-0.06	-0.07	-0.01	1.00
δEu	-0.14	0.26	0.29^*	-0.02	0.40^**	0.14	1.00
$X ¯$	0.53^**	0.46^**	0.47^**	0.20	0.50^**	0.08	0.60^**	1.00

Fig.4 Correlation between the average grain size ( X ¯) and REE contents

Fig.5 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of the samples (a) and different sediment types (b) of surface sediments in Zhanjiang Bay (base map after ref. [30])

Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of the samples in Zhanjiang Bay and potential sediment pro-venances(base map after ref.[30])

Table 4 Enrichment factor (EF) of REE in surface sediments of Zhanjiang Bay

	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
湾内	2.14	2.03	2.01	2.11	2.46	1.90	2.68	2.78	2.76	2.65	2.62	2.89	2.74	2.76
湾外	3.52	3.33	3.36	3.42	3.91	2.38	4.21	4.33	4.31	4.15	4.06	4.52	4.29	4.46

Fig.7 Correlation of δEu with (La/Yb)N of surface sediments in Zhanjiang Bay and potential sediment provenances

Fig.8 REE vs. La/Yb diagram of surface sediments in Zhanjiang Bay (base map after ref.[51])

Table 5 Discrimination function (DF) values for REE of sediments in Zhanjiang Bay

物源区				搬运区				沉积区
华南花岗岩	雷州北部玄武岩	北海组	湛江组	鉴江	漠阳江	珠江	西江	海南岛东北部
0.174	0.242	0.138	0.206	0.019	0.015	0.020	0.033	0.000 5

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