川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段沉积相及其对储层控制作用

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段是重要的油气产层。本文利用钻井岩心、测井资料和三维地震资料对川东北元坝西部上三叠统须二段—须三段沉积相类型、沉积特征、沉积模式及其对储层发育控制作用开展详细的研究,以指导该地区的油气勘探部署。结果表明,川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段主要为辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相沉积,能够识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲和浅湖4种亚相,可进一步划分出9种微相。须二段—须三段沉积时期发育两种沉积模式,须二段为缓坡型宽河道辫状河三角洲沉积模式,主要发育宽河道,砂体叠置连片;须三段为陡坡型窄河道辫状河三角洲沉积模式,主要发育窄河道,砂体沿河道呈条带状分布。须二段主要发育中粒长石岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩两种有利储集岩类型,主要分布于三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体中;须三段发育中粗粒钙屑砂岩和砂质细砾岩两种有利储集岩类型,主要分布于三角洲平原辫状河道—三角洲前缘水下分流河道过渡带砂体中。缓坡型宽河道辫状河三角洲中发育的中粒长石岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩储层物性和孔隙结构明显好于陡坡型窄河道辫状河三角洲中发育的中粗粒钙屑砂岩和砂质细砾岩。

关键词: 辫状河三角洲, 沉积模式, 优质储层, 须家河组, 川东北地区

Abstract:

The Upper Triassic Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in the western Yuanba of Northeast Sichuan is an important oil and gas reservoir. In this study, we used drilling cores, logging data, and 3D seismic data to study the sedimentary facies, sedimentary characteristics, depositional models, and their effects on the reservoir development of the Upper Triassic Xu-2-Xu-3 Members, as to guide the deployment of oil and gas exploration in the region. The results show that Xu-2-Xu-3 Members are mainly braided river delta facies and lacustrine facies. Four subfacies have been recognized, as delta plain, delta, front delta, and coastal shallow lake, which can be further divided into 9 microphases. Two depositional models were developed during the depositional period of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member. Xu-2 Member shows a model of gentle slope wide channel braided river delta deposition, and mainly develops wide river channels with overlapping sand bodies. Xu-3 Member shows a model of steep slope narrow channel braided river delta deposition, and mainly develops narrow river channels, and the sand bodies are distributed as strips along the river channel. Xu-2 Member mainly develops two favorable reservoir rock types, medium feldspar sandstone and medium-grained quartz sandstone. Xu-3 Member also develops two favorable reservoir rock types, medium-coarse calcareous sandstone and fine sandy conglomerate. The high-quality reservoirs of Xu-2 Member are mainly distributed in the sand bodies of the underwater distributary channel of the delta front. The high-quality reservoirs of Xu-3 Member are mainly distributed in the sand bodies of the braided channel-delta front of the underwater distributary channel transition zone in the delta plain. The physical properties and pore structure of feldspar sandstone and quartz sandstone are significantly better developed than those of the calcareous sandstone and sandy conglomerate.

Key words: braided river delta, sedimentary model, high-quality reservoir, Xujiahe Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

王爱, 肖开华, 刘忠群, 黄彦庆, 乔大伟. 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段沉积相及其对储层控制作用[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(02): 350-361.

WANG Ai, XIAO Kaihua, LIU Zhongqun, HUANG Yanqing, QIAO Dawei. Sedimentary Facies and Its Controls on the Reservoir of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in the Western Yuanba, Northeast Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(02): 350-361.

图/表 10

图1 川东北元坝西部构造位置 (a)四川盆地简图;(b) 川东北地区元坝地区构造区划及区块划分

Fig.1 Tectonic distribution of the western Yuanba of Northeast Sichuan Basin

图2 元坝西部(YB6井)须家河组沉积相综合柱状图 AC.声波时差;GR.自然伽马;RD.深双侧向电阻率;RS.浅双侧向电阻率;BB.滩坝;BR.辫状河道;DB.分流间湾;FDM.前三角洲泥;IC.河道间;MB.河口坝;SLM.浅湖泥;SS.席状砂;UDC.水下分流河道

Fig.2 Comprehensive histogram of the sedimentary facies of Xujiahe Formation in western Yuanba

图3 元坝区块须二段—须三段各段沉积相图 (a)须二下亚段沉积相图;(b) 须二上亚段沉积相图;(c) 须三段沉积相图

Fig.3 Sedimentary facies of each Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in Yuanba

图4 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段地层的前积特征 Tx2中底. 须二中亚段底面;Tx3底. 须三段底面;Tx33底. 须三段3砂组底面;Tx32底. 须三段2砂组底面;Tx3顶. 须三段顶面;剖面位置见图1(b)中绿色连接线

Fig.4 Progradation feature of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

图5 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段沉积模式图 (a)缓坡型宽河道辫状河三角洲沉积模式;(b) 陡坡型窄河道辫状河三角洲沉积模式

Fig.5 Sedimentary model of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

图6 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段典型岩心照片及其有利储集岩类型和孔隙空间 (a)中粒岩屑砂岩,YB204井,须二段,4632.00 m;(b) 中粒石英砂岩,YB204井,须二段,4550.87 m;(c)灰色砾岩,YL12井,须三段,4317.15 m;(d) 中粒钙屑砂岩,YL22井,须三段,4257.10 m;(e) 中粒长石岩屑砂岩,发育粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和残余粒间孔,面孔率11.0%,YL10井,须二段,4539.00 m;(f) 中粒石英砂岩,发育粒间溶孔,YB204井,须二段,4550.87 m;(g) 中粒钙屑砂岩,发育粒间溶孔和晶间孔,YL15井,须三段,4275.13 m;(h) 砂质细砾岩,白云岩砾石中发育裂缝和晶间孔,YL6井,须三段,4182.98 m

Fig.6 Typical core images and favorable reservoir rock types and pore spaces of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

图7 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段有利储集岩压汞曲线 (a)须二段有利储集岩压汞曲线;(b) 须三段有利储集岩压汞曲线

Fig.7 Mercury injection curves of the favorable reservoir rock of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

图8 川东北元坝西部须二段(YB22井)沉积微相与储层物性垂向分布关系图 GR.自然伽马;AC.声波时差;DEN.密度;CNL.中子;RD.深双侧向电阻率;RS.浅双侧向电阻率

Fig.8 Relationship between sedimentary microfacies and vertical distribution of the reservoir physical properties of Xu-2 Member in western Yuanba

图9 川东北元坝西部须三段(YL12井)沉积微相与储层物性垂向分布关系图 GR.自然伽马;AC.声波时差;DEN.密度;CNL.中子;RD.深双侧向电阻率;RS.浅双侧向电阻率

Fig.9 Relationship between sedimentary microfacies and vertical distribution of the reservoir physical properties of Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

图10 川东北元坝西部须二段—须三段沉积微相与储层厚度平面叠合关系图 (a)须二下亚段2砂组优质储层厚度与沉积微相平面叠合图;(b) 须三段3砂组优质储层厚度与沉积微相平面叠合图

Fig.10 Plane superimposition relationship between sedimentary microfacies and reservoir thickness of Xu-2-Xu-3 Member in western Yuanba

参考文献 26

[1]	张莉, 邹华耀, 郝芳, 等. 川东北元坝地区须家河组储层特征与超致密成因探讨[J]. 地质学报, 2017, 91(9): 2105-2118.
[2]	李军, 胡东风, 邹华耀, 等. 四川盆地元坝—通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩储层成岩-成藏耦合关系[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(7): 1164-1178.
[3]	王杰, 秦建中, 刘文汇, 等. 川东北元坝地区中生代构造与动态热演化史: 磷灰石、锆石(U-Th)/He定年分析[J]. 石油实验地质, 2012, 34(1): 19-24.
[4]	黄进腊, 张哨楠, 刘成川, 等. 川东北元坝地区须家河组断层预测及发育特征[J]. 天然气技术与经济, 2013, 7(3): 3-6, 77.
[5]	赵宗举, 朱琰, 李大成, 等. 中国南方构造形变对油气藏的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2002, 23(1): 19-25.
[6]	陈龙博, 何登发, 王贝, 等. 川东北地区通南巴背斜中三叠世以来构造变形时间厘定及其地质意义[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2017, 41(3): 433-445.
[7]	淡永. 川东北须家河组物源分析与沉积体系研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2011.
[8]	潘磊, 申继山, 郝景宇. 川东北元坝-通南巴地区须四段储层物源类型及主控因素分析[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2016, 36(1): 104-108.
[9]	王威, 岳全玲. 四川盆地北部须家河组致密砂岩储层成因机制[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2012, 35(1): 13-17, 31, 79-80.
[10]	杜红权, 王威, 周霞, 等. 川东北元坝地区须三段钙屑砂砾岩储层特征及控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2016, 37(4): 565-571.
[11]	王威. 高能河道砂体特征及勘探意义: 以元坝地区须三段为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2013, 35(6): 657-661, 688.
[12]	肖开华, 李宏涛, 贾爽. 川东北元坝地区须三段钙屑砂岩储层特征及控气因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(5): 654-660.
[13]	唐自成, 钟大康, 王威, 等. 川东北元坝地区须家河组三段钙屑砂岩孔隙类型及地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(5): 1115-1125.
[14]	程立雪, 王威, 王涛. 川东北元坝. 马路背地区上三叠统须二段石英砂岩储层天然气产能差异的原因[J]. 天然气工业, 2017, 37(8): 14-21.
[15]	张冲, 谢润成, 周文, 等. 川东北元坝地区须三段致密储集层裂缝特征[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2014, 35(4): 395-398.
[16]	盘昌林. 四川盆地元坝地区上三叠统须家河组天然气成藏条件研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2011.
[17]	刘殊, 任兴国, 姚声贤, 等. 四川盆地上三叠统须家河组气藏分布与构造体系的关系[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(11): 1-14.
[18]	翟文亮, 郑荣才, 朱如凯, 等. 川东北类前陆盆地须家河期盆-山耦合和层序充填样式[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 36(3): 268-275.
[19]	乔秀夫, 郭宪璞, 李海兵, 等. 龙门山晚三叠世软沉积物变形与印支期构造运动[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86(1): 132-156.
[20]	黎静容, 李毓, 程洪亮, 等. 元坝地区须三段沉积特征[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 28(5): 43-50, 4.
[21]	郝景宇. 川东北地区须家河组沉积与层序特征精细研究[D]. 荆州: 长江大学, 2012.
[22]	曾韬. 川东北元坝地区须三段沉积相及沉积演化[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 41(4): 468-475.
[23]	张峰. 川东北地区上三叠统须家河组层序岩相古地理研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2011.
[24]	TAN X C, XIA Q S, CHEN J S, et al. Basin-scale sand deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: Sedimentary framework and conceptual model[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(1): 89-103.
[25]	朱如凯, 赵霞, 刘柳红, 等. 四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2009, 36(1): 46-55.
[26]	林良彪, 陈洪德, 侯明才. 须家河组砂岩组分特征与龙门山推覆体的形成演化[J]. 天然气工业, 2007, 27(4): 28-30, 148-149.