遥感综合地质解译方法在中尼铁路勘察中的应用研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.154

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中尼铁路沿线地质条件复杂,地形切割强烈,海拔多高于4000 m,自然气候恶劣,外业工程地质勘察工作实施难度极大。为了减轻外业勘察工作量,提高工作效率,本研究充分发挥遥感技术特长,采用遥感综合工程地质解译分析法对沿线基础地质、水文地质、不良地质等要素开展详细的分析研究。结果表明,区内地层时代跨度大,岩性复杂,断裂构造极为发育,EW向区域性断裂控制了主要地层展布,其两侧发育多组近平行的一般性次级断裂,其中NE—NEE向断裂活动时代较晚,多切错EW向断裂;滑坡主要分布在东部热曲、下布曲、萨迦冲曲等流域,以基岩滑坡为主;泥石流在区内广泛分布,以东部下布曲、萨迦冲曲两岸为典型,具规模大、群发性特征;危岩落石主要分布在西侧吉隆藏布河谷、东部朋曲河谷两岸部分区段,对隧道口选取以及傍山线路影响较大;区内发育两组EW向地热高值背景异常带,与区域性断裂关系密切。本次研究成果可有力地支撑外业工程地质调查以及线路方案设计工作,并充分发挥遥感技术在铁路工程地质勘察中的支撑作用。

关键词: 遥感解译, 中尼铁路, 断层, 滑坡, 地热异常区

Abstract:

The geological conditions along the China-Nepal railway are complex: strongly incised terrain, high elevation (over 4,000 m), harsh climate, and field geological engineering investigation is extremely difficult. To reduce the workload of field investigation and improve the work efficiency, this study presents the advantages of remote sensing technology, and adopts remote sensing integrated engineering geology interpretation analysis to conducted detailed analysis and research on basic geology, hydrogeology, adverse geology and other elements along the line. We show that the stratigraphic age span in the region is wide, the lithology is complex, and the fault structure is extremely developed. The regional EW-trending faults control the main strata distribution, and there are several groups of secondary faults in the near parallel direction on both sides of the faults. The NE-NEE-rending faults are active at a later time, and most of them cut the near EW-directed faults. Landslides are mainly distributed in the eastern Requ, Xiabuqu and Sajia Chongqu basins, and are mainly composed of bedrock landslides. Debris flows are widely distributed in the area, typically along the two banks of Chongqu river in the east and Sajia Chongqu, with large-scale and massive occurrence. Dangerous rocks and rockfalls are mainly distributed in the western part of the Jilong Zangbo River Valley and the eastern part of the Pengqu River Valley, which has greater impact on the selection of the tunnel entrance and the mountain line. There are two sets of near-EW-trending high geothermal abnormal zones, which are closely related to regional faults. Our results support the field engineering geological survey and line scheme design, and illustrate the supporting role of remote sensing technology in railway geological engineering survey.

Key words: remote sensing interpretation, China-Nepal Railway, fault structure, landslide, geothermal abnormal zone

中图分类号:

P237

田社权. 遥感综合地质解译方法在中尼铁路勘察中的应用研究[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(04): 1054-1064.

TIAN Shequan. Application and Research of Remote Sensing Integrated Geological Interpretation in China-Nepal Railway Survey[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(04): 1054-1064.

图/表 13

图1 中尼铁路交通位置

Fig.1 Traffic location map of China-Nepal Railway

图2 研究区遥感影像图

Fig.2 Remote sensing image of the study area

图3 分析方法流程图

Fig.3 Flow chart of analysis method

图4 部分地层岩性单元影像及照片 (a)古近系柳区群E1-2Lq与昂仁蛇绿岩群橄榄岩J3K1A∑影像;(b)古近系柳区群E1-2Lq与昂仁蛇绿岩群橄榄岩J3K1A∑照片;(c)阿马穹隆地层岩性影像;(d)阿马穹隆地层岩性照片

Fig.4 Satellite images and photos of some lithostratigraphic units

图5 定日—岗巴断裂影像及照片

Fig.5 Satellite image and photos of Dingri-Gangba fault

图6 朋曲南岸NE向断裂构造影像

Fig.6 Satellite images of NE trending fault on the south bank of Pengqu area

图7 泉点影像及照片 (a)定日县尼辖乡泉点影像;(b)定日县尼辖乡泉点照片;(c)沿断裂分布的泉点影像

Fig.7 Satellite images and photos of springs

图8 中尼铁路沿线不良地质要素解译分布图

Fig.8 Interpretation and distribution map of adverse geological elements along the China-Nepal Railway

图9 色昂滑坡群影像及照片

Fig.9 Satellite image and photo of the Seang landslide group

图10 萨迦冲曲两岸泥石流影像及照片

Fig.10 Satellite image and photos of mudslides on both sides of Sajia chong river

图11 措果乡东危岩落石影像及照片 (a) 危岩落石区影像;(b) 危岩落石区坡度渲染图;(c) 危岩落石区现场照片

Fig.11 Satellite images and photos of dangerous and falling rocks in the eastern part of Cuoguo Town

图12 研究区地表温度反演图

Fig.12 Surface temperature inversion map of the study area

图13 研究区典型温泉照片 (a)尼辖温泉;(b)仓木达温泉

Fig.13 Representative photos of hot springs in the study area

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