阿尔金东段断裂带流域地貌特征及其构造活动

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿尔金走滑断裂带是青藏高原北缘边界主控断裂,对高原新生代地壳变形起着重要作用。本文主要以阿尔金东段走滑断裂带附近流域为研究区,利用ArcGIS软件提取并计算了173个子流域的5个地貌参数(坡度、起伏度、分形维数、面积高程积分和河长坡降指数),将各个子流域的地貌参数分为5个等级,并利用其算术平均值作为相对构造活动指数,用以定量分析研究区的地貌特征及构造活动强度。研究结果表明:阿尔金东段断裂带是整个研究区相对活动构造强度的分界线,研究区从南到北,由高山区至低山区过渡,相对活动构造指数等级逐渐降低;由相对活动构造指数等级空间分布可知,自西向东,相对活动构造强度逐渐降低,党河、野马河流域构造活动较活跃,反映该区域相对活动构造强度受区域隆升的作用明显。此外,结合岩性、降雨量及构造等因素对地貌指数的影响分析,表明构造运动是控制阿尔金东段断裂带流域地貌发育的主要因素,即地震点所处的流域、断裂带两侧的流域以及阿尔金东段断裂带与其他断裂交汇处子流域的相对构造活动强度等级均高于周围其他流域。

关键词: 地貌参数, 阿尔金断裂, 相对构造活动强度, 走滑断层

Abstract:

The Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault zone is the major control fault at the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and plays a vital role in the Cenozoic crustal deformation of the plateau.We extracted and calculated five geomorphic indices (slope, relief amplitude, fractal dimension, hypsometric integral, and stream length gradient) of 173 sub-basins by ArcGIS software.The geomorphic indices of each sub-basin were classified into five types.Their arithmetic mean values were used as relative tectonic activity indices, in order to quantitatively analyze the topographical features and the tectonic activity intensity.We show that Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault zone is the dividing line for the relative tectonic activity intensity of the whole study area, and the relative tectonic activity index level gradually decreases from south to north, and from high to low mountai-nous areas.From the spatial distribution of the relative activity tectonic index grade, the tectonic activity in the Danghe and Yemahe River basins appears to be stronger, and the intensity gradually decreases from west to east.In addition, we combine the influence of rocks, precipitation, and tectonics on the geomorphic index.Our results show that tectonics is the main factor controlling the geomorphic development in the watershed of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault zone, the relative tectonic activity intensity in the watershed where the seismic point is located, the watershed on both sides of the fracture zone, and the stress transition zone are higher than those in other surrounding watersheds.

Key words: geomorphic index, Altyn Tagh fault, relative tectonic activity index, strike-slip fault

中图分类号:

P546

路芳, 高明星, 周书贤, 王顺. 阿尔金东段断裂带流域地貌特征及其构造活动[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1100-1109.

LU Fang, GAO Mingxing, ZHOU Shuxian, WANG Shun. Fluvial Geomorphology of the Eastern Altyn Tagh and Its Tectonic Activity Implications[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1100-1109.

图/表 4

图1 研究区区域构造图(a)及地貌与地质构造图(b)(断层资料来源于刘亢等[33]) F1.阿尔金断裂带;F2.三危山断裂;F3.党河南山南缘断裂;F4.党河南山主峰断裂;F5.党河南山北缘断裂;F6.野马河—大雪山断裂;F7.鹰嘴山南缘断裂;F8.昌马断裂;F9.北山断裂;F10.托莱南山断裂;F11.中祁连北缘断裂;F12.肃南—祁连断裂;F13.旱峡—大黄沟断裂;F14.玉门—冰沟口断裂

Fig.1 Regional tectonic map (a), and geomorphological and geotectonic map of the study area (b) (fault information from Liu et al[33])

图2 地貌指数分级空间分布图

Fig.2 Spatial distributionmap of landform index classification

图3 研究区相对构造活动指数分级空间分布图

Fig.3 Spatial distribution map of the relative tectonic activity index classification of the study area

图4 研究区岩性、降雨量、构造影响因素综合分布图 1.全新世冲积、洪积砂砾、碎石、亚砂土、黏土;2.更新世风积黄土、冲积、洪积砂砾、碎石、亚砂土、河湖砂质泥;3.新近纪砂砾岩夹粉砂岩、泥岩;4.古近纪复成分砂砾岩5.白垩纪复成分砂岩;6.侏罗纪砾岩与砂岩互层;7.三叠纪砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质泥岩;8.二叠纪花岗岩;9.石炭纪斜长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩;10.泥盆纪磨拉石;11.志留纪石英闪长岩、杂砂岩、蛇绿超基性岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、火山碎屑岩;12.奥陶纪碳酸盐岩、正长花岗岩、玄武岩、火山碎屑岩夹硅质泥岩、硅质岩;13.寒武纪花岗闪长岩、火山碎屑岩沉积;14.青白口系白云质灰岩、角砾状灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩夹灰岩;15.中元古代花岗岩、闪长岩白云石大理岩、石英岩、板岩;16.古元古代斜长角闪岩、含矽线黑云斜长片麻岩、石英二云片岩夹大理岩;17.太古代片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、含矽线黑云斜长片麻岩、石英二云片岩夹大理岩

Fig.4 Comprehensive distribution maps of influencing factors of lithology, rainfall, and structure in the study area

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