西秦岭常家山地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西秦岭成矿带北亚带是重要的多金属成矿单元。为缩小找矿靶区,在常家山地区开展了1:2.5万水系沉积物测量工作,对采集到的1 141件样品中的Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo 10种元素进行核密度估算等数理统计分析,结果显示它们的浓度高于全国水系和区域水系沉积物的平均值,表明研究区成矿潜力大。通过因子分析得到F1(Bi、Cu、Zn)、F2(Au、As、Sb)、F3(Ag、Pb)、F4(W、Mo)4个主因子。使用浓度-面积(C-A)分形模型得到各元素和因子的异常阈值,并利用克里金插值法得到相应的地球化学空间分布图;结合区域控矿因素和异常分布特征圈定出Hz1、Hz2、Hz3 3处综合异常,前缘晕、近矿晕和尾晕显示出自西北向东南分布的趋势。水系沉积物地球化学异常分析结果表明,区内构造控矿特征明显,北西方向的礼县—闾井断裂是常家山地区有利的找矿部位。

关键词: 水系沉积物测量, 地球化学特征, 核密度估算, 因子分析, 分形模型, 西秦岭造山带

Abstract:

The northern sub-belt of Western Qinling Orogen is endowed with abundant polymetallic resource. To delineate mineral exploration targets, a 1:25,000 stream sediment geological survey was carried out in the Changjiashan district. Statistical analysis was performed from 1,141 samples for Kernal Density Estimation elements (Au, Ag, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Pb, Zn, W, and Mo). Element concentrations are higher than the national and regional average, indicating metallogenic potential in the area. Element combinations of the four factors were obtained based on factor analysis, i.e., F1(Bi-Cu-Zn), F2(Au-As-Sb), F3(Ag-Pb), and F4(W-Mo). We obtained thresholds of geochemical elements and factor scores, and geochemical mapping via Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal modeling and Kriging interpolation, respectively. Combined with regional ore-controlling factors and anomaly spatial distributions, three polymetallic anomaly areas, i.e., Hz1, Hz2, and Hz3, were delineated. Geochemical halos comprise the supra-ore halo, near-ore hole, and sub-ore halo from northwest to southeast. Distribution of stream sediment geochemical anomalies indicates that all mineralization was fault-controlled, and the area close to the NW-trending Lixian-Lüjing fault at Changjiashan represents a favorable prospecting target.

Key words: stream sediment survey, geochemical characteristic, kernel density estimation, factor analysis, fractal modeling, Western Qinling Orogen

中图分类号:

P597
P618.5

王斌, 任涛, 宋伊圩, 杨可, 王占彬, 孙亚柯. 西秦岭常家山地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(03): 911-922.

WANG Bin, REN Tao, SONG Yiwei, YANG Ke, WANG Zhanbin, SUN Yake. Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Stream Sediments in Changjiashan Region, Western Qinling Orogen[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(03): 911-922.

图/表 10

图1 西秦岭造山带区域地质简图 (a)西秦岭构造格架(据Chen等[18]);(b)西秦岭成矿带北亚带地质简图(据肖力等[19])

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of Western Qinling Orogen

图2 常家山地区地质图(据西安矿产资源调查中心,2014)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Changjiashan region (from Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, 2014)

图3 常家山地区水系沉积物样品元素核密度估计图

Fig.3 Kernel density estimation diagrams of elements for stream sediment samples from the Changjiashan region

表1 常家山地区R型因子分析旋转因子载荷矩阵

Table 1 Factor loading of R-type factor analysis with orthogonal rotation in the Changjiashan region

元素	F1	F2	F3	F4
Au	0.088	0.498	-0.401	0.286
Ag	0.107	0.114	0.774	0.106
As	0.062	0.747	0.256	-0.033
Sb	0.055	0.750	0.166	-0.037
Bi	0.792	0.039	0.039	-0.017
Cu	0.677	0.192	-0.033	0.269
Pb	0.114	0.220	0.706	-0.015
Zn	0.630	-0.023	0.211	-0.105
W	0.110	0.064	-0.020	0.738
Mo	-0.072	-0.066	0.076	0.788
特征值	2.146	1.400	1.189	1.030
方差贡献率/%	21.460	13.996	11.889	10.296
累计贡献率/%	21.460	35.456	47.345	57.641

图4 常家山地区样品优势因子分区

Fig.4 Map of dominant factor of samples from the Changjiashan region

图5 常家山地区水系沉积物中不同元素和因子C-A模型双对数图

Fig.5 Double logarithm diagrams of C-A fractal model for different elements and factors of stream sediment samples from the Changjiashan region

表2 常家山地区水系沉积物中各元素和因子的C-A分形特征

Table 2 C-A fractal characteristics of the multi-element and factors for stream sediment samples from the Changjiashan region

元素	低异常值拐点	高异常值拐点
Au	1.56	2.22
Ag	0.085	0.172
As	30.31	65.78
Sb	5.19	8.08
Bi	0.35	0.43
Cu	21.1	26.0
Pb	26.1	47.6
Zn	88.9	479.3
W	2.90	4.27
Mo	0.90	1.23
F1	2.35	2.58
F2	1.58	3.91
F3	1.62	2.01
F4	1.46	3.39

图6 常家山地区水系沉积物中不同元素和因子的地球化学空间分布和异常圈定

Fig.6 Spatial distribution maps of geochemical and anomaly delineation for different elements and factors of stream sediment samples from the Changjiashan region

图7 常家山地区理想原生晕模型

Fig.7 Ideal primary halo model for the Changjiashan region

图8 常家山地区P1 (a)、P2 (b) 岩石地球化学剖面图

Fig.8 Lithogeochemistry sections of P1 (a) and P2 (b) in the Changjiashan region

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