三江平原土壤碳库时空变化和影响因素研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.02.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于东北三江平原土壤地球化学调查数据,估算了表层土壤有机碳密度和碳储量,与全国第二次土壤普查时的土壤有机碳密度进行对比研究,分析了研究区土壤碳库储量及变化的主要影响因素。结果表明:研究区表层土壤碳以有机碳为主,不同土壤类型有机碳密度及总碳密度有明显差异,沼泽土、泥炭土相对区内其他土壤类型的有机碳密度高,平均在8 kg/m²以上。当前土壤有机碳密度>8.4 kg/m²的分布区面积较20世纪80年代明显减少。研究区表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳当前储量约为348 Tg,30年间土壤有机碳减少了293.07 Tg,较基期下降45.7%,其中随河流迁出的有机碳约为1.46 Tg。沼泽湿地转变为耕地的土壤有机碳密度平均减少2.8 kg/m²以上。研究认为造成研究区土壤有机碳下降的主要原因是土地利用的急剧变化。沼泽地转为旱地有机碳损失最大,损失达63.47%。其他开垦变化类型造成土壤有机碳损失在40%~50%之间。研究区30年来温度升高导致表层土壤有机碳减少约7.4 Tg,占表层土壤有机碳总减少量的2.52%。

关键词: 三江平原, 土壤, 有机碳密度, 碳库, 土地利用变化

Abstract:

Based on the soil geochemical survey data of the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China, the surface soil organic carbon density and carbon reserves were calculated. By comparing the data of Multi-Purpose Regional Geochemical Survey with the second national soil census, this paper analyzed soil pool storage changes and main influencing factors. The results show that in the study area, the surface soil carbon is dominated by organic carbon, and there is significantly difference in the contents of organic carbon density and total carbon density in different soil types. Compared with other soil types in the area, marsh soil and peat soil have high organic carbon density, with an average content of over 8 kg/m². The current distribution area of soil organic carbon density of >8.4 kg/m² is significantly lower than that in 1980s.The current reserve of soil organic carbon in the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the study area is about 348 Tg, and the soil organic carbon has decreased by 293.07 Tg in 30 years, which is 45.7% lower than that in the base period. About 1.46 Tg was loss with the migration of water flow to the outside of the basin. The soil organic carbon density of cultivated land transformed from swampy wetlands was reduced by more than 2.8 kg/m²on average. The authors believe that the main reason for the decrease of soil organic carbon in the study area is the rapid change of land use. The land use changes from wetland to dry farmland led to the largest loss of organic carbon, with a loss of 63.47%.Other types of land use changes resulted in soil organic carbon loss between 40% and 50%.The decrease of soil organic carbon pool caused by temperature rise in the study area over the past 30 years was about 7.4 Tg, accounting for 2.52% of the total loss.

Key words: Sanjiang Plain, soil, organic carbon density, carbon pool, land use change

中图分类号:

X142
P595

刘国栋, 戴慧敏, 杨泽, 许江, 张一鹤, 魏明辉. 三江平原土壤碳库时空变化和影响因素研究[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(02): 443-454.

LIU Guodong, DAI Huimin, YANG Ze, XU Jiang, ZHANG Yihe, WEI Minghui. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Soil Carbon Pool and Its Influencing Factors in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(02): 443-454.

图/表 14

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土类	面积/ km²	SOCD₁₉₈₀/ (kg?m^-2)	SOCD₂₀₁₀/ (kg?m^-2)	SOCS₁₉₈₀/ Tg		SOCS₂₀₁₀/ Tg		下降比例/%
甸土	23 208	6.32	5.48	146.73		127.17		-13.33
沼泽土	9 892	29.37	8.49	290.48		84.02		-71.08
白浆土	11 132	6.55	5.62	72.89		62.55		-14.18
暗棕壤	5 940	9.58	5.57	56.93		33.07		-41.91
黑土	6428	6.83	4.49	43.92		28.87		-34.27
水稻土	688	5.20	5.13	3.58		3.53		-1.50
新积土	624	4.13	5.48	2.58		3.42		32.74
泥炭土	300	65.08	8.72	19.52		2.62		-86.59
其他	284	5.77	4.62	1.64		1.31		-19.90
湖泊、水库	104	16.49	6.31	1.71		0.66		-61.76
江、河	124	5.26	3.23	0.65		0.40		-38.65
灰褐土	16	5.07	2.33	0.08		0.04		-54.02
江河内沙洲、岛屿	4	6.13	4.16	0.02		0.02		-32.12
合计					640.74		347.67	-45.74

土类	面积/ km²	SOCD₁₉₈₀/ (kg?m^-2)	SOCD₂₀₁₀/ (kg?m^-2)	SOCS₁₉₈₀/ Tg		SOCS₂₀₁₀/ Tg		下降比例/%
甸土	23 208	6.32	5.48	146.73		127.17		-13.33
沼泽土	9 892	29.37	8.49	290.48		84.02		-71.08
白浆土	11 132	6.55	5.62	72.89		62.55		-14.18
暗棕壤	5 940	9.58	5.57	56.93		33.07		-41.91
黑土	6428	6.83	4.49	43.92		28.87		-34.27
水稻土	688	5.20	5.13	3.58		3.53		-1.50
新积土	624	4.13	5.48	2.58		3.42		32.74
泥炭土	300	65.08	8.72	19.52		2.62		-86.59
其他	284	5.77	4.62	1.64		1.31		-19.90
湖泊、水库	104	16.49	6.31	1.71		0.66		-61.76
江、河	124	5.26	3.23	0.65		0.40		-38.65
灰褐土	16	5.07	2.33	0.08		0.04		-54.02
江河内沙洲、岛屿	4	6.13	4.16	0.02		0.02		-32.12
合计					640.74		347.67	-45.74

土地利用	1980年面积/km²	2010年面积/km²
水田	2 075.4	11 370.7
旱田	23 487.2	27 639.0
林地	8 300.7	5 323.1
草地	4 619.8	2 442.1
河流水面	1 672.1	2 963.6
建设用地	1 131.9	1 533.8
沼泽地	17 139.1	7 141.8
裸地	10.8	21.3
沙地	0.0	1.5
合计	58 436.9	58 436.9

土地利用	1980年面积/km²	2010年面积/km²
水田	2 075.4	11 370.7
旱田	23 487.2	27 639.0
林地	8 300.7	5 323.1
草地	4 619.8	2 442.1
河流水面	1 672.1	2 963.6
建设用地	1 131.9	1 533.8
沼泽地	17 139.1	7 141.8
裸地	10.8	21.3
沙地	0.0	1.5
合计	58 436.9	58 436.9

利用变化	样本数	SOCD₁₉₈₀/(kg·m^-2)	SOCD₂₀₁₀/(kg·m^-2)	ΔSOCD/(kg·m^-2)	SOCD下降占比/%	开垦因素贡献比/%
草地→旱地	527	10.33	6.16	-4.17	40.37	14.64
草地→水田	269	10.69	6.34	-4.36	40.79	39.72
林地→旱地	599	9.64	5.42	-4.22	43.78	21.28
林地→水田	94	12.39	6.68	-5.71	46.09	46.66
沼泽地→旱地	1 240	20.23	7.38	-12.84	63.47	45.71
沼泽地→水田	814	12.56	6.64	-5.92	47.13	47.84
旱地-旱地	4 460	7.11	4.67	-2.45	34.46	—
水田-水田	425	7.81	5.89	-1.92	24.58	—