川东北元坝西地区须三段钙屑致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.06.079

现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (06): 1193-1204.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.06.079

川东北元坝西地区须三段钙屑致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

王爱¹(), 钟大康²^,³(), 刘忠群¹, 王威⁴, 杜红权⁴, 周志恒²^,³, 唐自成²^,³

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
3.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
4.中国石化勘探分公司,四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2019-10-11 修回日期:2019-12-25 出版日期:2020-12-22 发布日期:2020-12-22
通讯作者: 钟大康
作者简介:钟大康,男,教授,博士生导师,工学博士,1961年出生,沉积学专业,主要从事储层地质学及沉积岩石学方面的教学及研究。Email:zhongdakang@263.net.
王爱,男,博士,1989年出生,地质学专业,主要从事储层地质学和沉积岩石学方面的研究。Email:wangai.syky@sinopec.com。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“川东地区致密砂岩沉积特征及储层成岩作用研究”(2016ZX05002004-011);中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目“川东北须家河组储层评价与甜点预测技术”(P19012-2)

Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Calcareous Sandstone Reservoirs of Xu-3 Member in Western Yuanba of Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China

WANG Ai¹(), ZHONG Dakang²^,³(), LIU Zhongqun¹, WANG Wei⁴, DU Hongquan⁴, ZHOU Zhiheng²^,³, TANG Zicheng²^,³

1. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
4. SINOPEC Exploration Company, Chengdu,Sichuan 610041, China

Received:2019-10-11 Revised:2019-12-25 Online:2020-12-22 Published:2020-12-22
Contact: ZHONG Dakang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于薄片观察、扫描电镜和物性测试等数据,分析了川东北元坝西地区须三段致密砂岩岩石学特征、成岩作用、孔隙类型和物性特征,建立其成岩序列和孔隙演化过程,为须三段致密砂岩的勘探开发提供思路。研究表明元坝西须三段主要由龙门山二叠系和三叠系碳酸盐岩母岩提供物源,发育辫状河三角洲平原—前缘细中粒钙屑致密砂岩,经历的成岩作用主要包括压实作用和压溶作用、方解石胶结作用、重结晶作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用;其孔隙类型为晶间微孔隙、裂缝与溶蚀孔隙,孔隙度为0.41%~7.16%,渗透率为0.001 2×10^-3~533.59×10^-3 μm²。钙屑砂岩高钙屑含量的成分特殊性造成了典型的“强胶结强重结晶弱压实弱溶蚀”成岩特征,埋藏成岩的特殊性导致了钙屑砂岩孔隙和物性的特殊性。早期强烈钙质胶结导致钙屑砂岩压实作用弱,原生孔隙几乎损失殆尽,进一步导致其溶蚀作用也很弱;后期钙屑中的泥晶藻屑砂屑发生强重结晶作用形成晶间微孔,平均孔隙度只有2.0%,物性较差;钙屑砂岩的主要碎屑颗粒和胶结物均为具有脆性特征的碳酸盐矿物,在构造运动作用下容易产生裂缝,形成裂缝沟通大量的重结晶微孔、粒间溶孔、残余粒间孔的孔隙系统。

关键词: 钙屑砂岩, 成岩作用, 孔隙演化, 重结晶作用, 须三段, 川东北地区

Abstract:

Based on data of thin-section micropetrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical property test, we analyzed the petrological characteristics, diagenesis, pore type and physical properties of the tight sandstone of Xu-3 Member in the western Yuanba area (northeastern Sichuan Basin). We established its diagenetic sequence and pore evolution process, which can shed light on the exploration of the Xu-3 Member tight sandstone. We show that the Xu-3 Member tight sandstone is mainly provided by the parent rocks of Longmenshan Permian and Triassic carbonate rocks, and was mainly developed in the braided river delta plain-deltaic front of medium-fine grained calcareous sandstone. Diagenesis of these sandstones includes mainly compaction and pressure dissolution, calcite cementation, recrystallization, dissolution and fracturing. The pore types include intercrystalline micropores, cracks and dissolved pores, with the porosity of 0.41% to 7.16% and permeability of 0.001,2×10^-3 to 533.59×10^-3 μm². The uniquely high-Ca content of the calcareous sandstone may have formed the typical diagenetic characteristics of strong cementation and recrystallization, but weak compaction and dissolution. The unique burial diagenesis has formed the special pores and physical properties of the calcareous sandstone. Early intensive calcite cementation may have resulted in weak compaction of calcareous sandstone, almost loss of primary pores, and weak dissolution. In the later stage, recrystallization of the muddy algae sands in the calcite chips formed many intercrystalline micropores. Average porosity of the calcareous sandstone is only 2.0%, and the physical properties are poor. The detrital particles and cement of the calcareous sandstone are mainly carbonate minerals with brittle characteristics. Under tectonic movements, cracks are readily formed which connected the pore system to communicate a large number of recrystallized micropores, intergranular dissolved pores, and residual intergranular pores.

Key words: calcareous sandstones, diagenesis, porosity evolution, recrystallization, Xu-3 Member, northeastern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

王爱, 钟大康, 刘忠群, 王威, 杜红权, 周志恒, 唐自成. 川东北元坝西地区须三段钙屑致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(06): 1193-1204.

WANG Ai, ZHONG Dakang, LIU Zhongqun, WANG Wei, DU Hongquan, ZHOU Zhiheng, TANG Zicheng. Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Calcareous Sandstone Reservoirs of Xu-3 Member in Western Yuanba of Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(06): 1193-1204.

图/表 20

图1 研究区沉积构造背景及地层特征(据王威,2013;杜红权,2016;李军,2016;唐自成,2019;有修改[4,7-6,27]) a.工区构造位置;b.须三段沉积相图;c.须家河组综合柱状图

Fig.1 Sedimentary tectonic background and stratigraphic features of the study area (after Wang Wei, 2013; Du Hongquan, 2016; Li Jun, 2016; Tang Zicheng, 2019[4,7-6,27])

图2 元坝西须三段岩石成分三角图

Fig.2 Ternary detrital composition diagram for the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图3 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩岩石学特征 a.钙屑含量高,石英零星分布,元坝221井,4 332.00 m,×100,正交光;b.钙屑含量高,偶见发育卡式双晶的长石,元坝224,4 346.00 m,×100,正交光;c.灰岩岩屑和白云岩岩屑,元坝271井,4 113.00 m,×100,正交光;d.含翁格达藻屑灰岩砾石,龙门山工农镇野外剖面,×100,单偏光;e.含砂盘虫灰岩砾石,龙门山工农镇野外剖面,×100,单偏光;f.可见千枚岩岩屑,元坝224井,4 344.00 m,×100,正交光;g.黏土杂基含量低,元坝272井,4 324.33 m,×100,单偏光;h.钙质胶结广泛发育,元坝271,4 095.66 m,×100,正交光;i.偶见发育石英次生加大,元坝271,4 096.00 m,×100,正交光

Fig.3 Lithological characteristics of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图4 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩压实作用特征 a.塑性颗粒轻微变形,元坝6井,4 294.69m,×100,正交偏光;b.岩石内部颗粒呈点—线接触,元陆22井,4 161.78m,×100,单偏光

Fig.4 Characteristics of compaction of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图5 元坝西元陆28井埋藏史和热史图

Fig.5 Burial history and thermal history of well YL28 in western Yuanba

图6 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩压溶作用特征元陆15井,4 275.21 m,压溶缝及沿压溶缝发育的粒间溶孔,×100,单偏光

Fig.6 Characteristics of pressure solution in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图7 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩胶结作用特征 a.硒素红染色后的方解石胶结,孔隙式胶结,元陆4井,4 456.60 m,×50,单偏光;b.硒素红染色后的方解石胶结,基底式胶结,元陆4井,4 456.70 m,×100,单偏光;c.橘红色的早期方解石胶结物,元坝271井,4 095.66 m,×100,阴极发光;d.石英次生加大,元陆4井,4 458.00 m,×200,单偏光

Fig.7 Characteristics of cement in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图8 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩方解石胶结分布特征 a.厚层砂体顶部的方解石胶结发育,孔隙式胶结,元陆4井,4 457.10 m,×100,单偏光;b.厚层砂体中部的方解石胶结不发育,元陆4井,4 460.30 m,×50,单偏光;红色箭头是a薄片取样位置,绿色箭头是b薄片取样位置

Fig.8 Distribution characteristics of calcite cement in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图9 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩重结晶作用特征 a.钙屑重结晶,元陆18井,4 526.49 m,×100,单偏光;b.钙屑重结晶,元陆12井,4 315 m,×100,单偏光

Fig.9 Recrystallization features of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图10 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩溶蚀作用特征 a.钙屑溶蚀,元陆15井,4 276.00 m,×100,单偏光;b.钙质胶结物溶蚀,元陆15井,4 276.00 m,×100,单偏光

Fig.10 Dissolution features of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图11 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩破裂作用特征 a.裂缝切穿砾石,元陆6井,4 184.48 m,×100,单偏光;b.裂缝,元陆18井,4 526.23 m,×100,单偏光

Fig.11 Fracturing features of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图12 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩原生孔与晶间微孔特征 a.原生孔隙(残余粒间孔)与溶蚀孔,元陆15井,4 275.46 m;b.钙屑重结晶微孔,元陆18井,4 564.8 m;c.钙屑重结晶微孔,元陆22井,4 257.76 m;d.胶结物晶间微孔,元陆15井,4 280.1 m

Fig.12 Characteristics of primary pores and intercrystalline micropores in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图13 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩重结晶微孔隙特征元陆6井,4 182.98 m,×100,单偏光

Fig.13 Characteristics of recrystallized micropores in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图14 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩溶蚀孔隙特征 a.钙屑与钙质胶结物溶蚀,元陆20井,4 140.74 m,×100,单偏光;b.钙屑与钙质胶结物溶蚀,元陆18井,4 564.41 m,×100,单偏光;c.溶蚀孔隙,元陆15井,4 275.33 m,×100,单偏光;d.溶蚀孔隙不发育,元陆15井,4 279.42 m,×100,单偏光

Fig.14 Characteristics of dissolved pores in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图15 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩裂缝特征 a.贴粒缝,元陆12井,4 315.55 m,×100,单偏光;b.构造缝,元陆15井,4 282.43 m,×100,单偏光;c.微裂缝沟通晶间的微孔,元陆15井,4 275.6 m;d.微裂缝沟通晶间的微孔隙,元陆18井,4 524.34 m

Fig.15 Characteristics of fractures in the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图16 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩孔渗关系图 Ⅰ.裂缝发育区;Ⅱ.溶蚀孔隙区;Ⅲ.溶蚀孔隙—裂缝发育区;Ⅳ.微孔发育区

Fig.16 Porosity vs.permeability relations of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图17 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩成岩过程与孔隙演化

Fig.17 Diagenetic process and porosity evolution of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

表1 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩孔隙类型与总孔隙占比统计表

Table 1 Statistics of pore types and total pore ratios of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

孔隙类型	残余粒间孔	晶间微孔隙	裂缝	溶蚀孔隙
平均孔隙度/%	0.04	1.4	0.3	0.3
总孔隙占比/%	2.0	68.6	14.7	14.7

图18 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩裂缝发育典型特征 a.裂缝沿颗粒边缘发育,元陆18井,4 579.11 m,铸体薄片,×100,单偏光;b.微裂缝切穿钙屑颗粒,元陆6井,4 184.48 m,铸体薄片,×100,单偏光

Fig.18 Typical fracture development characteristics of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

图19 元坝西须三段钙屑砂岩孔隙系统典型特征元陆6井,4 182.98 m,发育重结晶微孔、粒间溶孔和残余粒间孔,也可见微裂缝和缝合线发育,×100,单偏光

Fig.19 Typical pore system characteristics of the Xu-3 tight sandstones from western Yuanba

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川东北元坝西地区须三段钙屑致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Calcareous Sandstone Reservoirs of Xu-3 Member in Western Yuanba of Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China

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