豫西北奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩中裂缝-溶洞的发育特征及成因机制

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.014

现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (05): 1306-1320.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.014

豫西北奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩中裂缝-溶洞的发育特征及成因机制

邵威猛¹(), 牛永斌¹(), 程梦园¹, 韩科龙², 孙凤余¹, 程怡高¹, 荆楚涵¹

1.河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作 454003
2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-10-09 修回日期:2023-02-08 出版日期:2023-10-10 发布日期:2023-11-14
通讯作者: 牛永斌,男,教授,1980年出生,地质学专业,主要从事储层地质学和碳酸盐岩岩石学研究。Email:niuyongbin@hpu.edu.cn。
作者简介:邵威猛,男,硕士研究生,1998年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事储层地质学研究。Email:weimengshao@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41102076);国家自然科学基金项目(41472104);国家自然科学基金项目(42272178);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“多尺度、多属性深层碳酸盐岩储层知识库”(XDA14010205)

Development Characteristics of Fracture-Cave and Their Formation Mechanism in Carbonate Rocks of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Northwestern Henan Province

SHAO Weimeng¹(), NIU Yongbin¹(), CHENG Mengyuan¹, HAN Kelong², SUN Fengyu¹, CHENG Yigao¹, JING Chuhan¹

1. College of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, China
2. Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-10-09 Revised:2023-02-08 Online:2023-10-10 Published:2023-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

豫西北奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩中多发育裂缝和溶洞。在对研究区野外露头实地观测的基础上,利用地质统计学的方法对裂缝和溶洞的发育特征进行研究,并结合区域构造演化特征对其成因机制进行详细分析。研究结果表明:(1)研究区溶洞分为小型溶洞(洞高<1 m)、中型溶洞(洞高1~5 m)、大型溶洞(洞高>5 m)三种类型,以中、小型溶洞为主。(2)依据裂缝-溶洞的发育特征及分布规律,将研究区缝洞型储集空间划分为断控型、层控型和表层岩溶型三种岩溶系统发育模式,其中断控型岩溶系统形成的缝洞发育规模最大。(3)研究区缝洞型储集空间主要形成于古生代与新生代两个时期。构造作用、岩性和水文条件是控制缝洞储集空间发育的最主要因素,其中构造作用对缝洞的空间发育和分布规律影响较大,控制缝洞的发育强度、所处部位和发育方向。岩性及水文条件对缝洞型储集空间的发育程度影响较大,岩石中方解石含量越高,地表径流越丰富,缝洞型储集空间就越发育。本研究提供了一个很好的露头类比对象,对加深理解缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的成因机制和华北地区煤层底板水的防治具有重要意义。

关键词: 裂缝-溶洞, 奥陶系, 马家沟组, 碳酸盐岩, 河南省

Abstract:

The reservoir space of fracture-caves is well developed in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation carbo-nate rocks in northwestern Henan Province.Based on observations of local field outcrops, we studied the development characteristics of fracture-caves using geostatistics, and analyzed their formation mechanism in detail in relation to the regional tectonic evolution.The results show that: (1) the local caves can be divided into three types,i.e.small caves (height <1 m), medium caves (height 1-5 m) and large caves (height >5 m), among which medium and small caves predominate; (2) Based on the development characteristics and distribution rules of fracture-caves, fracture-caves can be divided into three development modes,i.e.fault-controlled, strata-controlled and superficial karst-controlled, among which the development scale of the fault-controlled fracture-caves is the largest; (3) The local reservoir space was mainly formed in the Paleozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonics, lithology and hydrological conditions are the most important factors controlling the development of fracture-cave reservoir space, among which tectonics has a greater influence on the spatial development and distribution pattern of fracture-caves, controlling the development intensity, and the location and direction of fracture-caves; lithology and hydrological conditions have also substantial influence on the development degree of fracture-cave reservoir space.The high calcite content in the rocks and the rich surface runoff, the reservoir space of fracture-caves were better developed.This study provides a good outcrop analogy, which is important for the understanding of the genetic mechanism of fracture-cave carbonate reservoirs and prevention and control of coal-bottom water in the North China basin.

Key words: fracture-cave, Ordovician, Majiagou Formation, carbonate rock, Henan Province

中图分类号:

P534.42

邵威猛, 牛永斌, 程梦园, 韩科龙, 孙凤余, 程怡高, 荆楚涵. 豫西北奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩中裂缝-溶洞的发育特征及成因机制[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1306-1320.

SHAO Weimeng, NIU Yongbin, CHENG Mengyuan, HAN Kelong, SUN Fengyu, CHENG Yigao, JING Chuhan. Development Characteristics of Fracture-Cave and Their Formation Mechanism in Carbonate Rocks of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Northwestern Henan Province[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1306-1320.

图/表 11

图1 研究区地理位置和区域地质图

Fig.1 Location and geological map of the study area

图2 研究区地层柱状图

Fig.2 Stratigraphic bar chart of the study area

图3 研究区奥陶系裂缝照片 (a)穆家寨剖面裂缝照片;(b)黄岩剖面裂缝照片;(c)(d)甲板创剖面裂缝照片;(e)(f)洞湾剖面裂缝照片;(g)(h)盘古洞剖面裂缝照片

Fig.3 Photos of Ordovician fractures in the study area

图4 研究区奥陶系裂缝数据统计特征

Fig.4 Statistical characteristics of Ordovician fractures in the study area

图5 研究区奥陶系溶洞照片 (a)穆家寨剖面的椭圆形溶洞,未充填;(b)穆家寨剖面的近圆形溶洞,钙质砾石充填;(c)黄岩剖面的巷道形溶洞,未充填;(d)甲板创剖面的长条形溶洞,未充填;(e)洞湾剖面的似方形溶洞;(f)盘古洞剖面的巷道形溶洞,未充填;(g)天堂窑剖面的拱形溶洞,未充填;(h)皇到岭剖面的溶洞,铝土质泥岩充填

Fig.5 Photos of Ordovician caves in the study area

图6 研究区溶洞高度直方图

Fig.6 Histogram of cave heights in the study area

图7 研究区溶洞距断裂距离直方图

Fig.7 Histogram of the cave distance from the faults in the study area

图8 研究区缝洞发育模式示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the fracture-cave development in the study area

图9 研究区新生代构造应力场演化示意图(据文献[59]) (a) 穆家寨、盘古洞、甲板创新生代两期拉张应力方向;(b) 洞湾新生代三期拉张应力方向;(c) 黄岩新生代两期拉张应力方向;W1.古近纪时期;W2.中新世时期;W3.上新世以来

Fig.9 Schematic diagrams of the Cenozoic tectonic stress field evolution in the study area(after reference [59])

图10 研究区马家沟组埋藏沉降史及成岩环境示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the burial history and diagenetic environment of Majiagou Formation in the study area

图11 研究区缝洞成因模式示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagrams of the genetic pattern of fracture caves in the study area

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豫西北奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩中裂缝-溶洞的发育特征及成因机制

Development Characteristics of Fracture-Cave and Their Formation Mechanism in Carbonate Rocks of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Northwestern Henan Province

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