加拿大阿萨巴斯卡地区Mildred泥炭柱脂类化合物的组成特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.05.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)系统地分析了阿萨巴斯卡地区Mildred泥炭柱37个样品的脂类化合物,研究了它们的组成特征及可能来源。结果表明,样品中检出的正构烷烃、正烷酮、正烷醛、正烷醇、脂肪酸和脂肪酸甲酯均由高碳数化合物构成,并具明显的奇碳或偶碳优势,GC-MS质量色谱图中甾类和萜类极性化合物呈现显著的高峰。根据泥炭分子地球化学分析,Mildred泥炭柱沉积有机质主要来源于原地堆积的高等植物,苔藓类、水生植物对泥炭有机质也有一定程度的贡献,其中松柏、杜鹃花科等木本植物、莎草科草本植物以及泥炭藓类是主要的成炭植物。萜类和甾类极性化合物的分布存在明显差异,萜类化合物主要集中于剖面的上部,其形成与泥炭藓类植物存在联系;甾类化合物来源不具专属性,多与高等植物的输入有关,也可能是受微生物的改造作用而形成。

关键词: 泥炭, 脂类化合物, 物源, 甾类, 萜类

Abstract:

A total of 37 peat samples from Mildred bog in the Athabasca Region, Canada, were analyzed with GC-MS to reveal the compositional characteristics and origins of peat lipids. The results show that long-chain components predominate in the n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, n-alkanals, n-alkanols, n-fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters, with strong odd or even carbon predominance. Polar compounds of steroids and terpenoids are also present in relatively high abundances. According to molecular geochemistry of the peat samples, the organic matter in Mildred peat profile was mainly derived from the in situ vascular plants, and also from Sphagnum and aquatic plants. Woody plants of conifer, woody debris and Ericaceae, herbaceous plants of Cyperaceous, and Sphagnum are the main peat-forming plants. Among polar compounds, γ-lactone is considered to be a self-oxidation product of tocopherols. A series of sesquiterpene, pentacyclic triterpenoid ketones, pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols and pentacyclic triterpenes are abundant in the top interval,and their formation are associated with Sphagnum or higher plants. Most steroids are not origin-specific, and the distributions of C₂₈, C₂₉ and C₃₀ steroids are assigned to a higher plant source. γ-Sitosterol, campesterol and stigmastan-3,5,22-triene are effective biomarkers for terrigenous higher plants.

Key words: peat, lipids, material source, steroid, terpenoid

中图分类号:

P593
TE122

何大双, 黄海平, 侯读杰, 张鹏辉. 加拿大阿萨巴斯卡地区Mildred泥炭柱脂类化合物的组成特征[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(05): 938-952.

HE Dashuang, HUANG Haiping, HOU Dujie, ZHANG Penghui. Composition of Lipid Compounds in the Peat Deposit in Mildred Bog from the Athabasca Region, Canada[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(05): 938-952.

图/表 13

图1 Mildred泥炭柱正构烷烃分布(m/z 85 质量色谱图)及其主峰碳分布

Fig.1 Mass chromatograms (m/z 85) and dominant carbon number of n-alkanes in the Mildred peat profile

图2 Mildred泥炭柱正构烷烃参数分布

Fig.2 Distributions of n-alkane proxies in the Mildred peat profile

图3 Mildred泥炭柱正烷酮分布(m/z 59 质量色谱图)及其主峰碳分布

Fig.3 Mass chromatograms (m/z 59) and dominant carbon number of n-alkan-2-ones in the Mildred peat profile

图4 Mildred泥炭柱正烷酮参数K27/(K29+K31)和平均链长ACL-ket分布

Fig.4 Distributions of n-alkan-2-one proxies of K27/(K29+K31) and ACL-ket in the Mildred peat profile

图5 Mildred泥炭柱正烷醛分布(m/z 82质量色谱图)

Fig.5 Mass chromatograms of n-alkanals in the Mildred peat profile (m/z 82)

图6 Mildred泥炭地脂肪酸分布(m/z 73质量色谱图)

Fig.6 Mass chromatograms of n-fatty acids in the Mildred peatland (m/z 73)

图7 Mildred泥炭地脂肪酸甲酯分布(m/z 74质量色谱图)

Fig.7 Mass chromatograms of n-fatty acid,methyl ester in the Mildred peatland (m/z 74)

图8 Mildred泥炭样品(-0.82 cm)总离子流图(TIC)及极性化合物鉴别 S.标样D30 PD;S1.标样角鲨烷;S2.标样d4-胆甾烷;F16.C16-脂肪酸;C23.C23-正构烷烃;K25.K25-正烷酮;编号1.菜油甾醇;2.豆甾醇;3.D-弗瑞德齐墩果-14-烯-3-酮;4.α-生育酚;5.γ-谷甾醇;6.弗瑞德-3-酮;7.齐墩果烯-12-烯-3-酮;8.α-香树脂醇;9.羊毛甾醇醋酸酯;10.胆甾烷醇

Fig.8 Diagram of total ion chromatogram and the identification of polar compounds in the Mildred peatland(Sample: -0.82 cm)

图9 Mildred泥炭柱典型萜类化合物的质谱图及分子构型

Fig. 9Mass spectra of representative terpenoids and their molecular configurations in the Mildred peatland

图10 Mildred泥炭柱生育酚(α-、β-、γ-)和γ-内酯浓度分布、γ-内酯/生育酚比值分布

Fig.10 Distributions of α-, β-, γ-tocopherol and γ-lactone, and the γ-lactone/tocopherol ratio in the Mildred peat profile

图11 Mildred泥炭柱五环三萜类化合物浓度分布

Fig.11 Distributions of representative pentacyclic triterpenoids in the Mildred peat profile

图12 Mildred泥炭地典型甾类化合物的质谱图及分子构型

Fig. 12 Mass spectra of representative steroids and their molecular configurations in the Mildred peatland

图13 Mildred泥炭柱甾类化合物浓度分布

Fig.13 Distributions of representative steroids in the Mildred peat profile

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