豫西寒武纪叠层石演化特征及其与后生动物的耦合关系

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为微生物席建造物的叠层石记录了大量的古环境和古地理信息,在豫西寒武系出露18层叠层石,以宏观和微观沉积特征为基础,依据各组段叠层石丰度(层厚度)和分异度(形态类型)的演化,将豫西寒武纪叠层石划分为6个演化组合。从叠层石组合的微观纹层、微生物化石及其微生物席演化等方面,结合沉积学和生物化石特征,探讨了豫西寒武纪叠层石的幕式演化,分别为微生物岩-叠层石演化幕和微生物岩-灰岩演化幕。以中寒武世灰岩中微生物岩与遗迹化石的密度关系为例,并从整个寒武纪微生物岩与后生动物化石之间关系的角度分析,认为叠层石微生物岩演化与后生动物之间并非只是简单的“此消彼长”,而是一种动态平衡的耦合关系。

关键词: 叠层石, 演化, 后生动物, 耦合关系, 寒武纪

Abstract:

As the construction of microbial mats, stromatolites recorded a large number of palaeoclimate and palaeogeographic information. Eighteen layers of stromatolites are found in the Cambrian settings in western Henan. Based on macro and micro characteristics, the Cambrian stromatolites can be divided into 6 types of assemblages according to the abundance(thickness) and the diversity(morphological types). The episodic evolution is discussed as microbiolite-stromatolites and microbolite-limestone evolution scene according to the micro laminations, microbial fossils and microbial mats, combined with the characteristics of sedimentology and biological fossil of stromatolites in each type assemblages. According to the density relationship between the microbolites and trace fossils in Middle Cambrian limestone, the relationship between the stromatolite-microbolite evolution and metazoan is not simple waxing and waning but dynamic-balance coupling in the whole Cambrian.

Key words: stromatolite, evolution, metazoan, coupling relationship, Cambrian

中图分类号:

P535

常玉光, 白万备, 王敏. 豫西寒武纪叠层石演化特征及其与后生动物的耦合关系[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(01): 92-101.

CHANG Yuguang, BAI Wanbei, WANG Min. Evolution Characteristics of Cambrian Stromatolites in Western Henan and the Coupling Relationship with Metazoan[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(01): 92-101.

图/表 6

图1 河南登封寒武系地层分布及剖面位置图(根据刘印环[20]修改) 右图为登封地区寒武系剖面位置:ab为登封王窑剖面,cd为登封关口剖面;左图分区: I1.太行山分区;I2.豫西分区;I3.豫东平原分区; I 2 1.渑池—登封小区; I 2 2.灵宝—鲁山小区; I 2 3.叶县—确山小区; I 2 4.卢氏小区

Fig.1 Geological map showing the Cambrian stratigraphic distribution and section localities in Dengfeng area of Henan Province

图2 豫西寒武系各组段叠层石丰度和分异度变化趋势图

Fig.2 Variation of thickness and disparity of Cambrian stromatolites in western Henan

图3 豫西寒武纪叠层石组合微观演化(只显示叠层石层)

Fig.3 Microscopic evolution characteristics of Cambrian stromatolites in western Henan (only stromatolites)

图4 豫西寒武纪叠层石宏观和微观特征 A. 小丛状叠层石,剖面照片;B. 半球状和缓波状叠层石,剖面照片;C. 小柱状叠层石,剖面照片;D. 大半球状叠层石,柱体间充填核形石(b)和生物碎屑(a),剖面照片;E. 不规则小柱状叠层石,剖面照片;F. 柱状叠层石,剖面照片;G. 较规则纹层,偏光显微镜照片;H. 不规则纹层,偏光显微镜照片;I. 富含生物碎屑和团状微生物化石,偏光显微镜照片;J. 层状和网状生长的葛万菌微生物化石,偏光显微镜照片; K. 管状葛万菌微生物化石,SEM照片

Fig.4 Macro and micro features of Cambrian stromatolites in western Henan

图5 豫西中寒武统微生物岩与后生动物的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between microbolites and metazoan in Middle Cambrian in western Henan

图6 豫西寒武系微生物岩与后生动物扰动层对比关系

Fig.6 Relationship between microbolites and metazoan in Cambrian in western Henan

参考文献 32

[1]	ALLWOOD A C, WALTER M R, BURCH I W, et al. 3.43 billion year old stromatolite reef from the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia: ecosystem scale insight to early life on earth[J]. Precambrian Research, 2007, 158:198-227. DOI URL
[2]	曹瑞骥, 袁训来. 叠层石[M]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 2006:1-10.
[3]	温志峰, 刘显太. 柴达木盆地新近纪叠层石中微生物化石组合的发现与钙化方式研究[J]. 地质学报, 2010, 84(2):263-271.
[4]	梅冥相, 刘丽, 胡媛. 北京西郊寒武系凤山组叠层石生物层[J]. 地质学报, 2015, 89(2):440-460.
[5]	FLÜGEL E, KIESSLING W. A new look at ancient reefs[J]. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns-Soc Econ Paleon Min Special Publication, 2002, 72:1-50.
[6]	ANDRES M S, REID R P. Growth morphologies of modern marine stromatolites: a case study from Highborne Cay, Bahamas[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2006, 185(3): 319-328. DOI URL
[7]	DUPRAZ C, PATTISINA R, VERRECCHIA E P. Translation of energy into morphology: simulation of stromatolite morphospace using a stochastic model[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2006, 185(3): 185-203. DOI URL
[8]	JAHNERT R J, COLLUBS L B. Signiﬁcance of subtidal microbial deposits in Shark Bay, Australia[J]. Marine Geology, 2011, 286: 106-111. DOI URL
[9]	BOWLIN E M, KLAUS J S, FOSTER J S, et al. Environmental controls on microbial community cycling in modern marine stromatolites[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2012, 263/264:45-55. DOI URL
[10]	CARLOS C, ROSA A M. Bioclaustration trace fossils in epeiric shallow marine stromatolites: the Cretaceous-Palaeogene Yacoraite Formation, Northwestern Argentina[J]. Lethaia, 2014, 47(1):107-119. DOI URL
[11]	陈荣坤. 华北地台中晚寒武世沉积层序中生物丘构造研究[J]. 沉积学报, 1996, 14(1): 49-56.
[12]	韩喜球. 东太平洋多金属结核的叠层石包壳及其沉积环境意义[J]. 海洋学报, 2000, 22(5):73-81.
[13]	温志峰, 钟建华. 柴达木盆地古近纪—新近纪湖相叠层石与藻礁的沉积组合特征与意义[J]. 地质学报, 2005, 79(4):444-453.
[14]	贾志海, 洪天求. 淮南地区新元古代九里桥组叠层石成礁过程及其影响因素[J]. 古生物学报, 2008, 47 (1) : 47-57.
[15]	曹瑞骥, 袁训来. 中国叠层石研究进展[J]. 古生物学报, 2009, 48(3):314-320.
[16]	高危言, 李江海, 白翔. 五台山古元古代巨型叠层石的结构特征及成因意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(3):667-674.
[17]	杨雪英, 龚一鸣. 莓状黄铁矿:环境与生命的示踪计[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报), 2011, 36(4):1-16.
[18]	梅冥相, 郭荣涛. 北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系崮山组叠层石生物丘的沉积组构[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(8):2473-2486.
[19]	由雪莲, 孙枢, 朱井泉. 塔里木盆地中上寒武统叠层石白云岩中微生物矿化组构特征及其成因意义[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2014, 44(8):1777-1790.
[20]	刘印环, 王建平, 张海清. 河南的寒武系和奥陶系[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1991:1-10.
[21]	冯增昭, 彭勇民, 金振奎, 等. 中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2004:1-10.
[22]	ALLWOOD A C, WALTER M R, KAMBER B S, et al. Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia[J]. Nature, 2006, 441:714-718. DOI
[23]	BRASIER M D. The basal Cambrian transition and Cambrian bio-events (from terminal Proterozoic extinction to Cambrian biomeres)[M]// WALLISER O H. Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic. Berlin, New York: Spinger Press, 1996:113-137.
[24]	ZHURAVLEV A Y. Reef ecosystem recovery after the Early Cambrian extinction[M]//HART M B. Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events. London: Geology Society London Special Publication, 1996, 102: 79-96.
[25]	SHAPRIO R S. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian microbialites record[M]//LIPPS J, WAGGONER B. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Biological Revolutions. Alabama: The Paleontological Society, 2004: 5-15.
[26]	党皓文, 刘建波, 袁鑫鹏. 湖北兴山中寒武统覃家庙群微生物岩及其古环境意义[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 45(2):289-298.
[27]	EAGAN K E, LIDELL W D. Stromatolite biostromes as bioevent horizons: An example from the Middle Cambrian Ute Formation of the Eastern Great Basin[M]//BRETT C E,BAIRD G C. Paleontological Events:Stratigraphic, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997:1-5.
[28]	SHAPRIO R S, RIGBY J K. First occurrence of an in situ anthaspidillid sponge in a dendrolite mound (upper Cambrian; Great Basin, USA)[J]. Journal of Paleontology, 2002, 78: 95-128.
[29]	MIDDLETON LT. Middle Cambrian offshoremicrobialites and shoaling successions, western Wyoming: Implications for regional paleontology[J]. Rocky Mountain Geology, 2001, 36(2): 81-89. DOI URL
[30]	KENNARD J M. Thrombolites and stromatolites within shalecarbonate cycles, Middle-Late Cambrian Shannon Formation, Amsdeus Basin,central Australia[M]//BERTRAND-SARFATI J,MONTY C. Phanerozoic Stromatolites II. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994: 443-471.
[31]	HONG J, CHO Seong Hyeon, CHOH Suk Joo, et al. Middle Cambrian siliceous sponge-calcimicrobe buildups (Daege Formation, Korea): Metazoan buildup constituents in the aftermath of the early Cambrian extinction event[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2012, 47: 253-254.
[32]	穆西南, 严惠君, 李越, 等. 华北地台东部中寒武世微生物礁的时空分布[J]. 微体古生物学报, 2003, 20(3):279-285.