青藏高原西北部班公湖流域夏季主要水体H-O同位素组成及其影响因素

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.105

现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (02): 427-436.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.105

• 水文地质、工程地质和环境地质 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原西北部班公湖流域夏季主要水体H-O同位素组成及其影响因素

邵玉祥¹(), 严步青¹^,²(), 刘旭³, 蒋钦¹, 陈文彬¹, 龚康¹, 易海洋¹, 李博³

1.中国地质调查局军民融合地质调查中心,四川成都 610036
2.中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430073
3.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-05-11 修回日期:2023-09-21 出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-05-22
通讯作者: 严步青,男,工程师,1990年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事应用地质调查工作。Email: 1158446930@qq.com。
作者简介:邵玉祥,男,工程师,1993年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email: shaoyuxiangcgs@outlook.com。
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目“班公湖一带综合地质调查”([2023]10-02-01);中国地质调查局项目“成渝经济圈广安市地表基质调查”(ZD20220199)

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Summer Water Bodies in the Bangong Lake Basin, Northwest Tibetan Plateau

SHAO Yuxiang¹(), YAN Buqing¹^,²(), LIU Xu³, JIANG Qin¹, CHEN Wenbin¹, GONG Kang¹, YI Haiyang¹, LI Bo³

1. Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
2. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2023-05-11 Revised:2023-09-21 Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-05-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为高寒内陆区的青藏高原西北部班公湖流域水文数据资料较为匮乏,导致对区域水循环过程和气候环境的认识不够深入,氢氧稳定同位素示踪技术可为解决该问题提供理想途径。本文系统分析班公湖流域夏季含湖水、河水、冰川融水和地下水4种不同类型的水体中氢氧同位素的组成,阐释水体氢氧同位素、氘盈余参数沿程变化的特征及其与水体矿化度、高程、经纬度和全球大气降雨线之间的关系,并进一步剖析同位素组成变化的控制因素。结果显示,水体中δ²H和δ¹⁸O的波动范围分别为-112.37‰~-24.90‰和-14.84‰~2.01‰,平均值及标准差分别为-76.73‰±26.49‰和-8.43‰±5.24‰。湖水δ²H和δ¹⁸O相对其他水体富集,测定结果更偏正值,冰川融水δ²H和δ¹⁸O相对其他水体更为贫化。流域水体氢氧同位素的大陆效应总体不明显,部分水体有一定高程效应体现。水体氢氧同位素演化趋势表明,冰川融水与全球大气水线接近,易受大气降雨影响。同时其他水体线的较小截距和斜率值,表明大气降雨不是这些水体的直接补给源。河流沿程的水体δ²H和δ¹⁸O呈递增趋势,越远离冰川融水补给端的河水和湖水值越偏正,反映强蒸发的特点。水体氘盈余参数及其与矿化度之间的关系也指示蒸发作用是影响该区域水体氢氧同位素变化的主要因素。

关键词: 班公湖流域, 氢氧同位素, 氘盈余参数, 空间特征, 同位素效应

Abstract:

The Bangong Lake basin in northwestern Tibetan Plateau is geographically challenging to access and lacks effective hydrological data. In order to understand the regional water cycle and climate, a total of 34 water samples, including lake water, river water, glacial meltwater, and groundwater, were collected from this region during the summer. Moreover, the study revealed the variation characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, deuterium excess parameters, and their relationships with the water salinity, elevation, longitude, latitude, and global rainfall patterns, as to investigate the environmental indications of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the regional water cycles. The results show that the values of δ²H and δ¹⁸O in the water samples ranged from -112.37‰ to -24.90‰ and from -14.84‰ to 2.01‰, respectively. The mean values and standard deviations were -76.73‰±26.49‰ for δ²H and -8.43‰±5.24‰ for δ¹⁸O. Among them, the values of δ²H and δ¹⁸O were found to be the highest in lake water samples and the lowest in the glacial meltwater samples. The continental effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes was not evident in the study area, and certain water bodies exhibit an elevation effect. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope lines of each water body show that meltwater in the study area was more susceptible to atmospheric rainfall compared to other water bodies. The smaller intercept and slope values for the other water bodies indicate that atmospheric rainfall was not a major source of recharge and was characterized by evapotranspiration. The δ²H and δ¹⁸O values of rivers exhibit an increasing trend along the course, also reflecting the characteristics of strong evaporation. The relationship between deuterium excess parameters and salinity indicated that evaporation was the main factor affecting the variation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes.

Key words: Bangong Lake basin, hydrogen and oxygen isotope, deuterium excess parameter, spatial distribution, isotopic effect

中图分类号:

邵玉祥, 严步青, 刘旭, 蒋钦, 陈文彬, 龚康, 易海洋, 李博. 青藏高原西北部班公湖流域夏季主要水体H-O同位素组成及其影响因素[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(02): 427-436.

SHAO Yuxiang, YAN Buqing, LIU Xu, JIANG Qin, CHEN Wenbin, GONG Kang, YI Haiyang, LI Bo. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Summer Water Bodies in the Bangong Lake Basin, Northwest Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(02): 427-436.

图/表 9

图1 班公湖流域位置及现代季风影响情况简图(a)和班公湖流域不同水体取样位置(b)

Fig.1 Schematic map showing the location of Bangong Lake basin and the extent of modern monsoon influence (a) and sampling locations of various water bodies in Bangong Lake Basin (b)

表1 班公湖流域各采样点基本信息及氢氧稳定同位素测试结果

Table 1 Results of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and basic information at each sampling point of Bangong Lake basin

类别	样品编号	高程(m)		δ¹⁸O (VSMOW) (‰)	δ²H (VSMOW) (‰)	氘盈余 (‰)	矿化度 TDS (mg/L)	温度 (℃)	河源距离 S (km)
玛卡藏布	M1	4381		-12.84	-96.18	6.58	166	15.9	0
	M2	4372		-8.97	-78.53	-6.74	172	13.7	11
	M3	4353		-12.13	-98.93	-1.89	333	13.3	26
	M4	4345		-8.99	-81.38	-9.44	167	15.5	34
	M5	4340		-9.24	-83.60	-9.64	177	15.7	45
	M6	4262		-8.41	-84.39	-17.09	134	17.8	56
	M7	4218		-7.44	-76.87	-17.32	421	14.8	62
多玛河	D1	4806		-12.35	-94.75	4.07	81	13.4	0
	D2	4660		-11.77	-92.54	1.66	185	12.9	20
	D3	4512		-11.10	-88.09	0.67	267	12.5	27
	D4	4478		-10.95	-89.66	-2.06	434	15.1	52
	D5	4407		-12.19	-92.57	4.92	323	11.1	68
	D6	4384		-11.14	-90.91	-1.75	321	15.6	78
	D7	4328		-10.97	-83.78	3.99	329	16.3	87
	D8	4320		-10.10	-79.10	1.68	369	15.9	97
	D9	4260		-11.10	-88.09	0.67	357	13.3	105
班公湖	B1	4253		-1.34	-42.70	-31.95	619	15.7	0
	B2	4255		-1.25	-37.95	-27.95	663	16.6	9
	B3	4256		-2.85	-44.70	-21.89	554	17.0	23
	B4	4266		-0.53	-34.86	-30.58	1553	17.2	40
	B5	4261		0.24	-38.62	-40.52	3123	17.1	53
	B6	4258		2.01	-24.90	-40.98	3669	13.8	62
	B7	4256		1.71	-25.20	-38.87	3801	13.7	71
	B8	4267		-1.12	-38.88	-29.92	3842	13.7	87
	B9	4265		0.15	-33.62	-34.85	4010	13.6	97
冰川	S1	4906		-13.47	-104.08	3.70	83	3.7	-
	S2	5285		-13.92	-105.46	5.90	25	3.8	-
	S3	5518		-14.50	-106.84	9.20	21	5.7	-
	S4	5088		-14.84	-112.37	6.37	22	6.6	-
	S5	4949		-13.05	-96.29	8.07	43	15.5	-
地下水	G1	4259		-13.43	-106.96	0.49	703	13.5	-
	G2	4243		-6.85	-66.34	-11.56	703	13.7	-
	G3	4267		-12.57	-96.59	3.95	413	16.3	-
	G4	4301		-11.90	-93.03	2.17	785	11.1	-
青藏高原北部降雨^[6]	-	-	-12.85~-2.55		-92~-12	9.02±1.52	-	-	-
青藏高原南部降雨^[6]	-	-	-18.05~-14.00		-134~-106	6.78±3.87	-	-	-
中国中东部降雨^[21]	-	-	-9.15~-3.74		-62.46~-19.80	-	-	-	-

表1 班公湖流域各采样点基本信息及氢氧稳定同位素测试结果

Table 1 Results of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and basic information at each sampling point of Bangong Lake basin

类别	样品编号	高程(m)		δ¹⁸O (VSMOW) (‰)	δ²H (VSMOW) (‰)	氘盈余 (‰)	矿化度 TDS (mg/L)	温度 (℃)	河源距离 S (km)
玛卡藏布	M1	4381		-12.84	-96.18	6.58	166	15.9	0
	M2	4372		-8.97	-78.53	-6.74	172	13.7	11
	M3	4353		-12.13	-98.93	-1.89	333	13.3	26
	M4	4345		-8.99	-81.38	-9.44	167	15.5	34
	M5	4340		-9.24	-83.60	-9.64	177	15.7	45
	M6	4262		-8.41	-84.39	-17.09	134	17.8	56
	M7	4218		-7.44	-76.87	-17.32	421	14.8	62
多玛河	D1	4806		-12.35	-94.75	4.07	81	13.4	0
	D2	4660		-11.77	-92.54	1.66	185	12.9	20
	D3	4512		-11.10	-88.09	0.67	267	12.5	27
	D4	4478		-10.95	-89.66	-2.06	434	15.1	52
	D5	4407		-12.19	-92.57	4.92	323	11.1	68
	D6	4384		-11.14	-90.91	-1.75	321	15.6	78
	D7	4328		-10.97	-83.78	3.99	329	16.3	87
	D8	4320		-10.10	-79.10	1.68	369	15.9	97
	D9	4260		-11.10	-88.09	0.67	357	13.3	105
班公湖	B1	4253		-1.34	-42.70	-31.95	619	15.7	0
	B2	4255		-1.25	-37.95	-27.95	663	16.6	9
	B3	4256		-2.85	-44.70	-21.89	554	17.0	23
	B4	4266		-0.53	-34.86	-30.58	1553	17.2	40
	B5	4261		0.24	-38.62	-40.52	3123	17.1	53
	B6	4258		2.01	-24.90	-40.98	3669	13.8	62
	B7	4256		1.71	-25.20	-38.87	3801	13.7	71
	B8	4267		-1.12	-38.88	-29.92	3842	13.7	87
	B9	4265		0.15	-33.62	-34.85	4010	13.6	97
冰川	S1	4906		-13.47	-104.08	3.70	83	3.7	-
	S2	5285		-13.92	-105.46	5.90	25	3.8	-
	S3	5518		-14.50	-106.84	9.20	21	5.7	-
	S4	5088		-14.84	-112.37	6.37	22	6.6	-
	S5	4949		-13.05	-96.29	8.07	43	15.5	-
地下水	G1	4259		-13.43	-106.96	0.49	703	13.5	-
	G2	4243		-6.85	-66.34	-11.56	703	13.7	-
	G3	4267		-12.57	-96.59	3.95	413	16.3	-
	G4	4301		-11.90	-93.03	2.17	785	11.1	-
青藏高原北部降雨^[6]	-	-	-12.85~-2.55		-92~-12	9.02±1.52	-	-	-
青藏高原南部降雨^[6]	-	-	-18.05~-14.00		-134~-106	6.78±3.87	-	-	-
中国中东部降雨^[21]	-	-	-9.15~-3.74		-62.46~-19.80	-	-	-	-

图2 班公湖流域不同水体δ2H与δ18O关系图 GMWL.全球大气降水线;LWL.当地水体同位素水线

Fig.2 Plot of δ2H versus δ18O of various water bodies in Bangong Lake basin

图3 班公湖流域不同水体δ2H(a)与δ18O(b)沿程变化特征 (冰川及地下水δ2H与δ18O范围为本研究采集样品的极值范围)

Fig.3 δ2H (a) and δ18O (b) variation characteristics in Bangong Lake basin (δ2H and δ18O ranges of glacier and groundwater in the figure are the limit range of samples collected in this study)

图4 班公湖流域不同水体矿化度(TDS)与δ2H (a)和δ18O (b)的关系

Fig.4 Relationship of δ2H (a) and δ18O (b) vs. water salinity of various water bodies in Bangong Lake basin

图5 班公湖流域不同水体氘盈余参数(d_excess)与矿化度(TDS)之间的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between deuterium excess (d_excess) and TDS values of different water bodies in Bangong Lake basin

图6 班公湖流域不同水体氘盈余(d_excess)的空间变化

Fig.6 Spatial variations of deuterium excess (d_excess) of different water bodies in Bangong Lake basin

图7 班公湖流域不同水体δ2H(a)和δ18O(b)与经纬度的关系气泡图(气泡面积代表氢氧同位素均一化后的值大小)

Fig.7 Bubble diagrams of relationship between δ2H (a), δ18O (b), and latitude and longitude of each water body in Bangong Lake basin (bubble area represents the value of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes after homogenization)

图8 班公湖流域不同水体δ2H(a)和δ18O(b)与高程的关系图

Fig.8 Relationship between δ2H (a), δ18O (b), and elevation of each water body in Bangong Lake Basin

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青藏高原西北部班公湖流域夏季主要水体H-O同位素组成及其影响因素

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Summer Water Bodies in the Bangong Lake Basin, Northwest Tibetan Plateau

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