墨西哥湾盆地东南部区域构造演化过程探讨

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.039

现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (04): 700-709.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.039

墨西哥湾盆地东南部区域构造演化过程探讨

王阔¹^,²^,³(), 栾锡武²^,³(), 冉伟民²^,³, 魏新元²^,³^,⁴, 张豪¹^,²^,³, 石艳锋¹^,²^,³, MOHAMMAD Saiful Islam⁴^,⁵

1.中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛 266580
2.中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266071
3.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛 266237
4.山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266590

收稿日期:2019-04-03 修回日期:2020-06-13 出版日期:2020-08-31 发布日期:2020-09-03
通讯作者: 栾锡武
作者简介:栾锡武,男,研究员,1966年出生,海洋地球物理专业,主要从事海洋地质学和地球物理学等方面的研究。Email: xluan@qnlm.ac.cn。
王阔,男,硕士,1996年出生,地质工程专业,主要从事油气田勘探开发地球物理技术研究。Email: wangkuo00789@163.com。
基金资助:
外交部、财政部亚洲区域合作专项“中国—东盟海洋地震数据平台与研究中心建设”(12120100500017001);鳌山科技创新计划项目“深海专项(预研)”(2016ASKJ11);鳌山科技创新计划项目“深海专项(预研)”(2016ASKJ13);鳌山科技创新计划项目“深海专项(预研)”(2017ASKJ02);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室基金项目“印尼爪哇盆地新生代构造变形及古地理演化”(QNLM201708);自然资源部公益性行业科研专项“海底冷泉拖曳式快速成像系统”(201511037)

Tectonic Evolution of the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico Basin

WANG Kuo¹^,²^,³(), LUAN Xiwu²^,³(), RAN Weimin²^,³, WEI Xinyuan²^,³^,⁴, ZHANG Hao¹^,²^,³, SHI Yanfeng¹^,²^,³, MOHAMMAD Saiful Islam⁴^,⁵

1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
2. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
3. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
4. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China

Received:2019-04-03 Revised:2020-06-13 Online:2020-08-31 Published:2020-09-03
Contact: LUAN Xiwu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

墨西哥湾盆地东南部位于北美板块与加勒比板块碰撞交汇区域,是墨西哥湾地区构造最为复杂区域。涉及两大板块,北美板块和加勒比板块;两个二级板块,尤卡坦板块和巴哈马—佛罗里达板块。在总结前人研究成果基础上,结合深海钻探计划(DSDP)钻井资料以及最新二维地震数据,通过地震相特征识别,分析研究区构造演化过程,探讨板块之间相对运动对墨西哥湾盆地东南部区域的控制作用。结果表明:(1)墨西哥湾盆地东南部现今包含北古巴前陆盆地以及盆地北部被动大陆边缘的不规则中央裂陷区;(2)该区域经历多期构造活动,早侏罗世至中侏罗世中期南美板块与北美板块之间背向分离,白垩纪加勒比板块逆冲北美板块,晚白垩世早期海平面上升以及尤卡坦台地与佛罗里达台地抬升,白垩纪末期加勒比板块北侧古加勒比弧与北美板块碰撞拼合;(3)在早白垩世晚期,由于北美板块内部尤卡坦板块与巴哈马—佛罗里达板块之间的张裂运动,发育大量张性断层,产生NW—SE走向的地堑、半地堑构造样式。

关键词: 墨西哥湾盆地东南部, 中央裂陷区, 多期构造活动, 地堑、半地堑

Abstract:

The southeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) basin is located in the collision zone and tectonic junction of the North American and Caribbean plates. It involves two major plates (North American and Caribbean) and two minorplates (Yucatan and Bahamas-Florida). We summarized previous research findings, including Deep-Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) data and the latest two-dimensional (2D) seismic data.We discussed the controlling effect of relative plate movement on the southeastern GoM basin,through identifying the seismic phase features and analyzing the tectonic evolution processes. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The southeastern GoM basin now contains the northern Cuba foreland basin, and the irregular central rifts of the passive continental margin in the northern part of the basin. (2) The region has experienced multiphase tectonism, and the South American and North American plates were separated from each other during the Early to mid-Middle Jurassic. The Cretaceous Caribbean plate thrust over the North American plate.Sea-level rose in the early Late Cretaceous and the Yucatan and Florida platforms uplifted. The northern Caribbean arc collided with the North American plate at the end Cretaceous. (3) In the late Early Cretaceous, many extensional faults were developed due to the extension/rifting between the Yucatan and Bahamas-Florida plates in the North American plate, forming the NW-trending (semi-) graben tectonic patterns.

Key words: southeastern Gulf of Mexico basin, central rift zone, multi-phase tectonic activity, graben,semi-graben

中图分类号:

P548

王阔, 栾锡武, 冉伟民, 魏新元, 张豪, 石艳锋, MOHAMMAD Saiful Islam. 墨西哥湾盆地东南部区域构造演化过程探讨[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(04): 700-709.

WANG Kuo, LUAN Xiwu, RAN Weimin, WEI Xinyuan, ZHANG Hao, SHI Yanfeng, MOHAMMAD Saiful Islam. Tectonic Evolution of the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(04): 700-709.

图/表 7

图1 墨西哥湾盆地东南部构造单元划分与地震测线、DSDP钻井位置分布图[1-5,8,10]

Fig.1 Lines, DSDP well location and structural unit division of southeastern Gulf of Mexico basin [1-5,8,10]

图2 DSDP 535(左)与DSDP 540(右)连井图(年龄单位为Ma,沉积速率单位为m/Ma)(据Buffler等[9]修改)

Fig.2 Diagram comparison for DSDP 535(left) and 540(right) wells

图3 A测线叠前地震剖面(a)与地震-地质综合解释成果剖面(b)(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.3 Pre-stack seismic section (a) and seismic-geological composite interpretation section of survey line A (b) (seeing Fig.1 for line location)

图4 B测线叠前地震剖面与地震-地质综合解释成果剖面(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.4 Pre-stack seismic section (a)and seismic-geological composite interpretation survey line B (b) (seeing Fig.1 for line location)

图5 墨西哥湾盆地东南部与相邻构造单元地层对比(地层空白部分成分待定)

Fig.5 Stratigraphic comparison of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico basin with adjacent plates

图6 古巴北部前陆盆地构造演化示意图(据Moretti等[20]修改) (a)200~170 Ma;(b)170~130 Ma;(c)155~70 Ma;(d)113 Ma至今;(e)66~40 Ma

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of the tectonic evolution of north Cuban foreland basins(modified after Moretti et al[20])

图7 尤卡坦板块与巴哈马—佛罗里达板块构造演化示意图 (a)160~150 Ma;(b)150~140 Ma;(c)140 Ma至今

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the structural evolution of the Yucatan plate and the Bahamas-Florida plate

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墨西哥湾盆地东南部区域构造演化过程探讨

Tectonic Evolution of the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico Basin

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