西南印度洋中脊活动与非活动热液区沉积物元素地球化学特征对比

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.010

现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (01): 130-140.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.010

西南印度洋中脊活动与非活动热液区沉积物元素地球化学特征对比

宋备¹(), 苏新¹(), 吕士辉¹, 倪建宇², 廖时理², 陶春辉², 胡茂康¹, 李世云¹, 于翀涵¹

1.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
2.国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2019-06-20 修回日期:2019-09-20 出版日期:2020-03-05 发布日期:2020-03-07
通讯作者: 苏新
作者简介:苏新,女,教授,博士生导师,1957年出生,微体古生物和海洋地质专业,主要从事微体古生物、海洋地质和天然气水合物等研究。Email: xsu@cugb.edu.cn。
宋备,男,硕士研究生,1994年出生,石油与天然气工程专业,主要从事海洋地质研究。Email: songbei@cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会“十三五”课题“硫化物合同区沉积物地球化学特征与找矿应用”(DY135-S1-1-08)

Geochemical Contrast in Sediments from Active and Inactive hydrothermal Fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

SONG Bei¹(), SU Xin¹(), LÜ Shihui¹, NI Jianyu², LIAO Shili², TAO Chunhui², HU Maokang¹, LI Shiyun¹, YU Chonghan¹

1. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310012, China

Received:2019-06-20 Revised:2019-09-20 Online:2020-03-05 Published:2020-03-07
Contact: SU Xin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龙旂热液区与断桥热液区分别是西南印度洋中脊典型的活动与非活动热液区。为研究两区内表层沉积物地球化学特征,对共59件表层沉积物进行了元素地球化学测试,对其进行物质组分、富集系数与R型聚类等分析。结果表明:两区内普遍含较高的Ca、Sr、Ba等生源元素和Fe、Mg、Si、Al等围岩元素,而构造、围岩和热液活动等因素的不同,使两区沉积物的元素地球化学特征存在差异。龙旂区沉积物出现了源于超基性围岩的组分并体现在元素聚类组合中,其沉积物中热液富集相关元素Cu、Zn、Fe和Co等。断桥区更高的生源元素含量可能指示其热液活动停止后,主要受生物沉积作用的影响,该区热液相关元素与基性围岩联系紧密,表现出Pb与W的明显富集。

关键词: 西南印度洋中脊, 活动与非活动热液区, 沉积物, 元素地球化学

Abstract:

The Longqi and Duanqiao areas are two typical active and inactive hydrothermal fields respectively on the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).For studying the geochemical features between these two regions, 59 seafloor sediments are compared with the material compositions, enrichment factors (EFs) and cluster analysis after major and trace elements test. The results reveal that the two regions show similarities in high contents of biogenic (e.g.Ca, Sr and Ba) and surrounding rock elements (e.g.Fe, Mg, Si and Al),and differences in structure, surrounding rock condition and hydrothermal activities, leading to differential geochemical behaviors of their sediments. We found extra ultramafic rock components in the sediments of Longqi area, where sediments are relatively enrich in hydrothermal elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe and Co. The higher contents of biogenic components in the Duanqiao area, where the hydrothermal related elements are characterized by the obvious enrichment of Pb and W, reflect the biological sedimentation playing dominant roles after hydrothermal activities stopped. Furthermore, the R type cluster analysis gives expression to the extra ultramafic components solely in Longqi area and close connections between hydrothermal activities and mafic base rock in Duanqiao area.

Key words: southwest Indian ridge, active and inactive hydrothermal field, sediment, elemental geochemistry

中图分类号:

P736

宋备, 苏新, 吕士辉, 倪建宇, 廖时理, 陶春辉, 胡茂康, 李世云, 于翀涵. 西南印度洋中脊活动与非活动热液区沉积物元素地球化学特征对比[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(01): 130-140.

SONG Bei, SU Xin, LÜ Shihui, NI Jianyu, LIAO Shili, TAO Chunhui, HU Maokang, LI Shiyun, YU Chonghan. Geochemical Contrast in Sediments from Active and Inactive hydrothermal Fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(01): 130-140.

图/表 7

图1 研究区构造背景与样品位置分布图(热液区位置引自文献[6],构造底图来自于GeoMap App,水深与地形数据来自www.gebco.net)

Fig.1 Maps showing tectonic settings of the study area and locations of samples(location of the hydrothermal fields from reference [6], base map of geotectonic setting from GeoMap App, topographic data from www.gebco.net)

图2 研究区沉积物主量、微量元素含量箱线图

Fig.2 Box plots of major and trace elements of sediments in the study area

表1 研究区沉积物样品主、微量元素测试结果统计

Table 1 Statistics of the element compositions of the sediment samples from the study area

元素	龙旂热液区				断桥热液区
元素	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差
SiO₂	2.30	37.98	9.49	10.47	1.53	31.24	6.60	10.56
Al₂O₃	0.79	7.57	2.37	1.84	0.54	9.47	1.82	3.23
TFe₂O₃	0.61	9.03	2.05	2.57	0.29	7.84	1.21	2.78
MgO	0.40	36.30	1.62	8.24	0.40	4.87	0.77	1.60
CaO	2.01	50.03	43.24	13.26	25.42	53.05	47.61	9.49
Na₂O	0.41	2.10	1.46	0.29	0.92	2.59	1.40	0.48
K₂O	0.03	0.34	0.20	0.07	0.10	0.32	0.16	0.05
MnO	0.03	0.29	0.08	0.06	0.02	0.23	0.08	0.06
TiO₂	0.04	0.62	0.13	0.17	0.03	0.89	0.13	0.31
P₂O₅	0.01	0.16	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.03
Li	2.57	12.05	6.35	2.04	3.33	11.10	4.58	1.86
Be	0.03	0.44	0.20	0.07	0.09	0.51	0.15	0.12
V	11.45	145.14	37.70	38.96	9.84	223.00	30.50	76.65
Cr	0.11	1 814.70	37.70	477.80	6.02	153.00	17.50	47.33
Co	6.10	125.00	19.80	26.50	6.76	152.00	27.70	38.15
Ni	21.00	1 575.00	43.70	348.81	20.80	90.70	42.30	17.10
Cu	19.87	1 238.00	69.40	213.56	9.67	148.00	31.60	38.05
Zn	12.79	210.00	38.20	46.16	15.80	100.00	28.65	29.95
Sr	101.00	1 694.00	1 239.00	418.12	658.45	1 540.00	1 248.00	263.45
Y	1.52	25.80	13.40	4.37	5.53	30.10	12.25	7.04
Mo	0.16	4.83	0.35	0.84	0.17	0.85	0.32	0.22
Cd	0.03	0.70	0.26	0.12	0.13	0.72	0.30	0.15
Rb	0.32	10.70	7.05	2.62	2.36	7.05	4.27	1.18
Cs	0.02	0.84	0.39	0.19	0.12	0.49	0.25	0.09
Ba	6.41	735.00	409.00	170.60	46.70	381.00	206.50	92.87
W	0.19	289.00	10.40	46.82	0.26	323.00	29.80	85.20
Pb	0.72	7.04	3.89	1.35	3.64	44.80	9.23	8.95
Th	0.04	1.30	0.79	0.30	0.31	1.11	0.66	0.19
U	0.16	2.06	0.31	0.35	0.14	0.52	0.28	0.09
Zr	3.29	52.70	15.00	10.62	5.44	72.70	14.75	22.27
LREE	1.80	37.10	24.65	7.27	16.23	45.58	23.22	8.13
HREE	0.98	14.09	7.01	2.45	3.32	19.05	6.20	4.89
REE	2.78	48.60	31.15	8.90	20.20	55.39	30.63	11.22
LREE/HREE	1.35	4.63	3.46	0.91	1.59	5.26	3.94	1.13
(La/Yb $) N *$	0.72	6.59	3.95	1.63	1.06	7.54	4.25	1.84
δEu^*	0.74	1.25	1.03	0.15	0.01	4.85	0.22	1.31
δCe^*	0.51	1.23	0.58	0.12	0.07	0.29	0.12	0.05
C $e anom **$	-0.36	0.03	-0.27	0.06	-0.28	0.18	-0.18	0.11

表1 研究区沉积物样品主、微量元素测试结果统计

Table 1 Statistics of the element compositions of the sediment samples from the study area

元素	龙旂热液区				断桥热液区
元素	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差
SiO₂	2.30	37.98	9.49	10.47	1.53	31.24	6.60	10.56
Al₂O₃	0.79	7.57	2.37	1.84	0.54	9.47	1.82	3.23
TFe₂O₃	0.61	9.03	2.05	2.57	0.29	7.84	1.21	2.78
MgO	0.40	36.30	1.62	8.24	0.40	4.87	0.77	1.60
CaO	2.01	50.03	43.24	13.26	25.42	53.05	47.61	9.49
Na₂O	0.41	2.10	1.46	0.29	0.92	2.59	1.40	0.48
K₂O	0.03	0.34	0.20	0.07	0.10	0.32	0.16	0.05
MnO	0.03	0.29	0.08	0.06	0.02	0.23	0.08	0.06
TiO₂	0.04	0.62	0.13	0.17	0.03	0.89	0.13	0.31
P₂O₅	0.01	0.16	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.03
Li	2.57	12.05	6.35	2.04	3.33	11.10	4.58	1.86
Be	0.03	0.44	0.20	0.07	0.09	0.51	0.15	0.12
V	11.45	145.14	37.70	38.96	9.84	223.00	30.50	76.65
Cr	0.11	1 814.70	37.70	477.80	6.02	153.00	17.50	47.33
Co	6.10	125.00	19.80	26.50	6.76	152.00	27.70	38.15
Ni	21.00	1 575.00	43.70	348.81	20.80	90.70	42.30	17.10
Cu	19.87	1 238.00	69.40	213.56	9.67	148.00	31.60	38.05
Zn	12.79	210.00	38.20	46.16	15.80	100.00	28.65	29.95
Sr	101.00	1 694.00	1 239.00	418.12	658.45	1 540.00	1 248.00	263.45
Y	1.52	25.80	13.40	4.37	5.53	30.10	12.25	7.04
Mo	0.16	4.83	0.35	0.84	0.17	0.85	0.32	0.22
Cd	0.03	0.70	0.26	0.12	0.13	0.72	0.30	0.15
Rb	0.32	10.70	7.05	2.62	2.36	7.05	4.27	1.18
Cs	0.02	0.84	0.39	0.19	0.12	0.49	0.25	0.09
Ba	6.41	735.00	409.00	170.60	46.70	381.00	206.50	92.87
W	0.19	289.00	10.40	46.82	0.26	323.00	29.80	85.20
Pb	0.72	7.04	3.89	1.35	3.64	44.80	9.23	8.95
Th	0.04	1.30	0.79	0.30	0.31	1.11	0.66	0.19
U	0.16	2.06	0.31	0.35	0.14	0.52	0.28	0.09
Zr	3.29	52.70	15.00	10.62	5.44	72.70	14.75	22.27
LREE	1.80	37.10	24.65	7.27	16.23	45.58	23.22	8.13
HREE	0.98	14.09	7.01	2.45	3.32	19.05	6.20	4.89
REE	2.78	48.60	31.15	8.90	20.20	55.39	30.63	11.22
LREE/HREE	1.35	4.63	3.46	0.91	1.59	5.26	3.94	1.13
(La/Yb $) N *$	0.72	6.59	3.95	1.63	1.06	7.54	4.25	1.84
δEu^*	0.74	1.25	1.03	0.15	0.01	4.85	0.22	1.31
δCe^*	0.51	1.23	0.58	0.12	0.07	0.29	0.12	0.05
C $e anom **$	-0.36	0.03	-0.27	0.06	-0.28	0.18	-0.18	0.11

图3 研究区沉积物样品稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(球粒陨石标准化数据引自文献[48],玄武岩及橄榄岩数据引自文献[52],硫化物数据引自文献[53])

Fig.3 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of sediments samples from the study area (data of chondrite-normalization from reference [48], basalt and peridotite from reference [52], and sulfide from reference [53])

图4 研究区沉积物样品组分判别图(玄武岩数据引自文献[52]和[58],橄榄岩引自文献[52]和[59]) (a)Fe-Mg-Al判别图;(b)(Al+Ti)-Si/Al判别图

Fig.4 Discriminant results of compositions of sediment samples from the study area (data of basalt from references[52] and [58], peridotite from references [52] and [59])

图5 沉积物样品地球化学元素富集系数及各样品与已知最近热液点距离对比关系图

Fig.5 Plots of enrichment factor of geochemical elements for samples vs.distance from the proximal hydrothermal site

图6 研究区沉积物样品元素聚类树状图

Fig.6 Cluster analysis of geochemical elements of sediment samples from the study area

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西南印度洋中脊活动与非活动热液区沉积物元素地球化学特征对比

Geochemical Contrast in Sediments from Active and Inactive hydrothermal Fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

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