南海东沙深海冷泉区973-5重力柱沉积物古菌多样性

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.009

现代地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (01): 104-116.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.009

南海东沙深海冷泉区973-5重力柱沉积物古菌多样性

滕田田¹^,²(), 苏新¹^,²(), 刘浩东¹^,², 崔鸿鹏¹^,², 陈芳³, 程思海³, 杨胜雄³, 王宏斌³, 梁金强³, 苏丕波³

1.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
3.广州海洋地质调查局实验中心,广东广州 510760

收稿日期:2019-07-30 修回日期:2019-10-20 出版日期:2020-03-05 发布日期:2020-03-07
通讯作者: 苏新
作者简介:苏新,女,教授,博士生导师,1957年出生,微体古生物和海洋地质专业,主要从事微体古生物、海洋地质和天然气水合物调查与研究。Email: xsu@cugb.edu.cn。
滕田田,女,硕士研究生,1995年出生,海洋科学专业,主要从事天然气水合物地质微生物研究。Email: 791166909@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB219502);国家水合物专项项目“南海天然气水合物成矿理论及分布预测研究”专题“神狐钻探区微生物与微生物标志物测试”(GZH201100305-06-02)

Archaeal Diversity in Sediments of Core 973-5 from Deep-sea old Seep,Dongsha Area in South China Sea

TENG Tiantian¹^,²(), SU Xin¹^,²(), LIU Haodong¹^,², CUI Hongpeng¹^,², CHEN Fang³, CHENG Sihai³, YANG Shengxiong³, WANG Hongbin³, LIANG Jinqiang³, SU Pibo³

1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083, China
3. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510760, China

Received:2019-07-30 Revised:2019-10-20 Online:2020-03-05 Published:2020-03-07
Contact: SU Xin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国南海东沙一带冷泉发育,但目前国内外对深海冷泉区微生物研究甚少,特别是缺乏利用高通量测序的记录。对东沙深海冷泉区973-5站位(该站位水深约3 000 m)长约935 cm的重力岩心进行了高通量分析。结果显示:该站位微生物细胞丰度为5.3×10⁸~34.0×10⁸个/g,随深度变深而增加,其变化趋势与甲烷含量变化可对比,与粒度、有机碳的变化也具有相关性。测序结果显示,岩心中主要古菌类群是MBGB(39.9%)、C3(15.8%)以及ANME-1(12.0%),随着深度的变化群落组成有所改变。硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI,760 cm)上下出现了大量的MBGB和ANME-1类群,pH也不断增加,暗示了这一区域存在不断增强的甲烷厌氧氧化作用。岩心底部出现了一定量的ANME-1和ANME-2类群,暗示除了在SMI附近甲烷氧化和硫酸盐还原反应强烈,其下部可能还有水合物的分解与甲烷的上涌,为ANME类群生存提供了营养物质。与东沙海区其他站位相比,973-5站位的甲烷通量较高,但没有发现产甲烷菌,推测该区沉积物中高浓度的甲烷来源为周边浅部或深部断裂系统运移供给。

关键词: 古菌多样性, 16S rRNA, 高通量测序, 973-5重力柱, 冷泉, 东沙海域, 中国南海

Abstract:

Cold seeps are well developed in Dongsha area, South China Sea, but researches on microbes in cold seeps have been inadequate, especially when the high-throughput sequencing technique is used. In this paper, the archaeal diversity of gravity core 973-5 was analyzed based on high-throughput sequencing. The core was 935 cm long and was collected from the deep-sea cold seep area in Dongsha at a depth of approximately 3,000 m. The cell abundance in the sediments collected by core 973-5 varied from 5.3×10⁸ to 34.0×10⁸ cells/g,which increased with depth. The change trend of cell abundance was similar to that of the methane content. Additionally, it was related to the grain size and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The results obtained using high-throughput sequencing revealed that the predominant archaeal groups were MBGB, C3 and ANME-1,which accounted for 39.9%, 15.8% and 12.0% of the total sequences of archaeal communities, respectively, changing with depth. Large amounts of MBGB and ANME-1 along with the rise of pH in the sediments near the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) at approximately 760 cm might indicate the process of methane anaerobic oxidation. At the bottom of the core, considerable amounts of ANME-1 and ANME-2 were detected. This might demonstrate intensive methane-sulfate redox reaction near SMI as well as the decomposition of gas hydrate and upwelling of methane in the lower part of the core, which are possible nutrients for the ANME group. Compared with other sites in Dongsha area, the higher methane flux was observed in core 973-5, but no methanogens were detected. This suggests that the large quantities of methane might have been transported from the shallow and deep fracture system nearby.

Key words: archaeal diversity, 16S rRNA, high-throughput sequencing, core 973-5, cold seep, Dongsha area, South China Sea

中图分类号:

P736

滕田田, 苏新, 刘浩东, 崔鸿鹏, 陈芳, 程思海, 杨胜雄, 王宏斌, 梁金强, 苏丕波. 南海东沙深海冷泉区973-5重力柱沉积物古菌多样性[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(01): 104-116.

TENG Tiantian, SU Xin, LIU Haodong, CUI Hongpeng, CHEN Fang, CHENG Sihai, YANG Shengxiong, WANG Hongbin, LIANG Jinqiang, SU Pibo. Archaeal Diversity in Sediments of Core 973-5 from Deep-sea old Seep,Dongsha Area in South China Sea[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(01): 104-116.

图/表 9

图1 973-5岩心的采样位置

Fig.1 Location of core 973-5

表1 973-5岩心微生物样品取样编号及对应深度

Table 1 Sample number and corresponding depth of microbial samples in core 973-5

样品编号	深度/cm	样品编号	深度/cm
973-5-1	20	973-5-11	560
973-5-2	70	973-5-12	610
973-5-3	90	973-5-13	660
973-5-4	145	973-5-14	715
973-5-5	195	973-5-15	755
973-5-6	245	973-5-16	795
973-5-7	295	973-5-17	800
973-5-8	395	973-5-18	805
973-5-9	460	973-5-19	855
973-5-10	510	973-5-20	915

图2 973-5站位岩心岩性、地球化学参数、细胞丰度及古菌类群在不同深度的分布 (a)岩性柱及分段; (b)岩心中砂、粉砂、黏土的百分含量; (c)岩心甲烷浓度和S2-质量分数随深度的变化; (d)岩心pH和总有机碳含量随深度的变化; (e)岩心中细胞个数随深度的变化;(f)岩心古菌类群组成; (g)岩心中古菌类群在不同深度的分布缩写(Abbreviations) : ANME, Anaerobic Methanotrophs; C3, C3 Group; MBGB/D/E, Marine Benthic Group B/D/E; MCG, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group; MHVG, Marine Hydrother-mal Vent Group; SAGMEG, South Africa Gold Mine Crenarchaeotic Group; TMEG, Terrestrial Miscellaneous Euryarchaeotal Group

Fig.2 Profile of lithology, geochemical paraments, cell abundance and distribution of archaeal communities of core 973-5.

图3 973-5岩心不同深度的古菌稀释曲线

Fig.3 Rarefaction curves of archaeal samples in different sampling depths of core 973-5

图4 973-5岩心样品四种微生物多样性指数变化曲线

Fig.4 Profiles of four kinds of microbial diversity indices of the core 973-5

表2 ANME相关类群OTU在不同深度的分布及其同源序列

Table 2 Distribution and homologous sequences of OTUs related to ANME groups in different depths

图5 基于Bray-Curtis距离的各深度古菌类群非度量多尺度(NMDS)分析

Fig.5 Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of archaeal groups in different depths based on Bray-Curtis Similarity

表3 973-5站位深度、总有机碳含量、微生物细胞丰度、pH间相关系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients in depth, TOC content, cell abundance and pH of core 973-5

参数	相关性/显著性	深度	总有机碳含量	细胞个数	pH
深度	Pearson相关性	1
深度	显著性(双侧)
有机碳含量	Pearson相关性	-0.125	1
有机碳含量	显著性(双侧)	0.598
细胞个数	Pearson相关性	0.376	-0.132	1
细胞个数	显著性(双侧)	0.102	0.578
pH	Pearson相关性	0.650^**	-0.034	0.386	1
pH	显著性(双侧)	0.002	0.887	0.093

表4 东沙973-5、CL11、DSH-1站位微生物细胞丰度(AODC法)、总有机碳含量、甲烷浓度、甲烷含量的对比

Table 4 Cell abundance (AODC method), TOC content, concentration of methane, content of methane in core 973-5, CL11, DSH-1 in Dongsha area

站位	水深/m	细胞丰度/(10⁶个/g)	有机碳含量/%	甲烷浓度/(μmol/l)	甲烷含量/(μl/kg)
973-5(本文)	2 998	530~3 400	0.4~1.0	311.7~76 633.6	2.93~721.26
CL11^[42]	1 607	21.3~104.7	0.8~1.2	-	0~1 400
DSH-1^[16]	3 009	0.5~9.6	0.5~0.8	1.59~20.34	-
GMGS2-08^[33]	798	515~2 135	0.5~1.5	0~39 300	-

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南海东沙深海冷泉区973-5重力柱沉积物古菌多样性

Archaeal Diversity in Sediments of Core 973-5 from Deep-sea old Seep,Dongsha Area in South China Sea

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