Stratified Structure and Formation Mechanism of Paleokarst Cave in Carbonate Reservoir of Tahe Oilfield

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.193

Abstract

Abstract:

With the constantly deepening development of carbonate reservoir, the structural characteristics of stratified cave reservoir and the similar connection characteristics of fluid dynamic in same layer,has been gradually discovered and attracted by researchers. Structure, formation factors and processes of stratified paleokarst were the key to the effective development of this kind of reservoir. Based on comparison of the in-situ stratigraphic fabric and the characteristics of field karst caves, it is considered that Tahe Ordovician karst systems have better correlation marker stratums and lithology difference, which lays a material foundation for the development of stratified karst caves. Geological phenomena including multi-layer karst caves along horizontal bedding and tube-shaped ancient underground steams controlled by bedding cracks in the field verify the widespread existence of stratabound karst. On the basis of well identification, well logging correlation, well performance and seismic waveform characteristics in karst caves, such as the typical karst cave zone, three main cave layers were identified and a brand-new geological structure profile of three-layer cave reservoir was established: The caves in the first layer were mainly filled with glutenites, the caves in the second layer were large in scale and seriously filled with mud, and the caves in the third layer were small in scale and mainly developed in karst landform highlands. Formation mechanism of stratabound karst was discussed by using modern karst theory: carbonate host rock fabric was one of the material basis and main controlling factors for karstification, karst water in subsurface flow zone (full of CO₂) controled the lateral development of karst caves, The karst palaeogeomorphology controled the lateral difference of caves in the same layer, The vertical migration of groundwater level controled the karst stages and stratified structure of the caves under gentle formation conditions. Finally, on the basis of research and understanding, the development model of stratabound karst reservoir was constructed by integrating all karst controlling factors.

Key words: Tahe Oilfield, carbonate reservoir, paleokarst reservoir, stratified structure, formation mechanism, karst evolutionary pattern

CLC Number:

TE122.2

CHEN Huaxing, KANG Zhihong, KANG Zhijiang. Stratified Structure and Formation Mechanism of Paleokarst Cave in Carbonate Reservoir of Tahe Oilfield[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(02): 695-708.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Logging profile and core photo of well S86 in Tahe Oilfield

Fig. 2 Comparison of characteristics of rock electrical marker beds above O1-2y3 in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.3 Field photos of karst cave development in Yijianfang Formation of Nanyigou section

Fig. 4 Transverse section of corridor type ancient karst cave system 7 km south of Yifang

Fig.5 Comprehensive reservoir histogram of well T615 (modified by Xu Jiahong et al,2020)

Fig. 6 Cross-sectional drawing of K734-TK615-TK730-TK632-TK602 wells in Tahe Oilfield

Fig.7 Seismic profile of TK734-TK730-TK632-TK602 wells (a) and layered karst geological structure model (b)

Fig.8 Evolution diagram of cave layer model in Hercynian period of Tahe Oilfield

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