Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Deep Groundwater in Hengshui Area

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.03.14

Abstract

Abstract:

The groundwater depression cone around Hengshui is formed from the over-exploitation of deep groundwater, which changes the original hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields. Cluster analysis, Piper and Gibbs diagrams, chlor-alkali index and ion correlation method are used to analyze the chemical characteristics and evolution of deep groundwater in the Hengshui area. The results show that the chemical evolution of deep groundwater is substantially influenced by human activities. The study area is divided into the recharge area, runoff area and drainage area using Q-type cluster analysis. A new route of groundwater supply, runoff and drainage, which strengthened the wall rock dissolution, is created with the development of depression cone since the 1970s. Major hydrochemical types of the runoff area have switched from Cl·HCO₃-Na, HCO₃·Cl-Na and SO₄·Cl-Na to SO₄·Cl-Na and Cl·SO₄-Na, whereas those of the drainage area have switched from Cl·HCO₃-Na and Cl-Na to Cl-Na. Gibbs diagrams and ion correlation suggest that the present hydrochemical characteristics of the study area are mainly affected by the wall rock dissolution, cation exchange and decarbonation.

Key words: Hengshui area, groundwater depression cone, hydrochemical characteristic and evolution, dissolution, formation mechanism

CLC Number:

P641

ZHANG Zhenguo, HE Jiangtao, WANG Lei, PENG Cong. Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Deep Groundwater in Hengshui Area[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(03): 565-573.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Hydrogeological sketch map of the study area and distribution of groundwater sampling sites

Fig.2 Hydrochemical fields of the study area

Fig.3 Characteristics of the major indicative contents of deep groundwater at present

Fig.4 Box plot of the major indicative contents of deep groundwater in the past

Fig.5 Piper diagrams of historic (a) and present (b) deep groundwater

Fig.6 Potentiometric surface and depth variation of the Hengshui deep groundwater (1980—2003)

Fig.7 Shijiazhuang-Hengshui 14C age profile (modified from Zhang et al.[30])

Fig.8 Gibbs diagrams of the Hengshui deep groundwater

Fig.9 Hydrochemical relationships of HCO3- vs.Na+ and Ca2+ vs.Na+ of the Hengshui deep groundwater

Fig.10 Chlor-alkali index of the Hengshui deep groundwater

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