Characteristics of Mineralogy and Heavy Metal Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Nodule Rich Soils with High Geochemical Background from Guigang, Guangxi

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.048

Abstract

Abstract:

Ferromanganese nodules commonly exist in high quantity in karstic soils with high geochemical background and thus play a crucial role in the occurrence and bioavailability of heavy metals. In this study, karstic topsoil (0-20 cm) samples rich in ferromanganese nodules from Qintang District, Guigang city, Guangxi were particularly collected, and ferromanganese nodules of different particle sizes (10-120 mesh) and fine-grained soils (<120 mesh) were screened prior to further chemical analysis. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the distribution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), and composition of iron oxide minerals in the nodules and fine-grained soils, (2) the effect of iron oxide minerals on the accumulation of heavy metals in the nodules and fine-grained soils, and (3) the mechanism of heavy metals occurrence in soils rich in ferromanganese nodules. The results showed that the concentrations of Fe, Mn and heavy metals (e.g., Cd) in ferromanganese nodules increased with the increment of particle sizes, which indicates that heavy metal elements tend to be enriched in the nodules with large size. Quantitatively, about 90% of heavy metals in the topsoil samples occurred in the ferromanganese nodules. It indicates that heavy metals mainly occurred in the form of nodules in the studied soils. The mean contents of hematite and goethite in the topsoil samples containing ferromanganese nodules were 4.94% and 0.61%, respectively. The larger the particle size of nodules, the higher the contents of hematite and goethite. Except for Hg, the concentrations of heavy metals were all significantly and positively correlated with the contents of goethite and hematite, and the correlation with hematite was slightly better than that with goethite. These results indicate that iron oxide minerals are closely related to the enrichment of heavy metals in soils rich in ferromanganese nodules. The presence of ferromanganese nodules can not only promote the enrichment of heavy metals, but also reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. These results provide a theoretical basis for explaining the high concentrations and low bioavailability of heavy metals in karstic soil with high geochemical background.

Key words: karstic soil, high geochemical background, ferromanganese nodule, heavy metal, diffuse reflection spectrum

CLC Number:

P595
X142

YANG Qiong, YANG Zhongfang, JI Junfeng, LIU Xu, JI Wenbing, WANG Jue, WU Tiansheng, WANG Lei. Characteristics of Mineralogy and Heavy Metal Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Nodule Rich Soils with High Geochemical Background from Guigang, Guangxi[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(05): 1450-1458.

Figures/Tables 7

References 47

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序号	粒径/目	pH	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	Mn	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	6.52	30.73	22.87	1 807	85.7	6.152	1 520	67	0.501	179	124.5	791
2	20~40	6.40	34.24	14.78	1 487	40.8	3.870	757	58	0.486	156	95.3	622
3	40~60	6.39	34.88	11.83	1 341	35.1	3.458	544	56	0.493	152	87.9	588
4	60~80	6.48	35.41	10.75	1 338	30.3	3.402	449	59	0.512	153	85.4	575
5	80~100	6.50	34.72	10.13	1 227	27.8	3.080	398	55	0.467	143	79.2	547
6	100~120	6.52	35.37	9.87	1 252	27.8	3.302	366	58	0.483	148	82.0	557
7	<120	6.45	35.06	9.69	1 222	28.7	3.067	355	59	0.536	143	81.2	538
平均值		6.48^*	34.34	12.85	1 382	39.5	3.762	627	59	0.497	153	90.8	603

序号	粒径/目	pH	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	Mn	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	6.52	30.73	22.87	1 807	85.7	6.152	1 520	67	0.501	179	124.5	791
2	20~40	6.40	34.24	14.78	1 487	40.8	3.870	757	58	0.486	156	95.3	622
3	40~60	6.39	34.88	11.83	1 341	35.1	3.458	544	56	0.493	152	87.9	588
4	60~80	6.48	35.41	10.75	1 338	30.3	3.402	449	59	0.512	153	85.4	575
5	80~100	6.50	34.72	10.13	1 227	27.8	3.080	398	55	0.467	143	79.2	547
6	100~120	6.52	35.37	9.87	1 252	27.8	3.302	366	58	0.483	148	82.0	557
7	<120	6.45	35.06	9.69	1 222	28.7	3.067	355	59	0.536	143	81.2	538
平均值		6.48^*	34.34	12.85	1 382	39.5	3.762	627	59	0.497	153	90.8	603

序号	粒径/目	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	56.8	48.2	59.4	38.2	34.7	38.5	42.8	41.7
2	20~40	16.6	18.6	18.1	20.1	20.6	20.5	20.0	20.1
3	40~60	11.5	13.4	10.5	15.6	16.8	16.1	14.9	15.3
4	60~80	4.7	6.3	4.1	7.9	8.4	7.8	6.9	7.1
5	80~100	2.3	3.1	2.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.5	3.7
6	100~120	1.6	2.3	1.3	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.6
7	<120	6.4	8.1	4.7	11.3	12.5	10.4	9.4	9.6

序号	粒径/目	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
1	10~20	56.8	48.2	59.4	38.2	34.7	38.5	42.8	41.7
2	20~40	16.6	18.6	18.1	20.1	20.6	20.5	20.0	20.1
3	40~60	11.5	13.4	10.5	15.6	16.8	16.1	14.9	15.3
4	60~80	4.7	6.3	4.1	7.9	8.4	7.8	6.9	7.1
5	80~100	2.3	3.1	2.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.5	3.7
6	100~120	1.6	2.3	1.3	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.6
7	<120	6.4	8.1	4.7	11.3	12.5	10.4	9.4	9.6

序号	粒径/目	赤铁矿Hm	针铁矿Gt	Hm/TFe₂O₃	Gt/TFe₂O₃	(Hm+Gt)/TFe₂O₃
1	10~20	1.48	11.70	6.47	51.16	57.63
2	20~40	0.70	4.98	4.75	33.69	38.43
3	40~60	0.47	3.77	3.96	31.84	35.79
4	60~80	0.42	3.53	3.90	32.81	36.71
5	80~100	0.44	3.88	4.38	38.31	42.69
6	100~120	0.42	3.72	4.24	37.72	41.96
7	<120	0.35	2.99	3.66	30.88	34.53
平均含量		0.61	4.94	4.48	36.63	41.11