The Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Contamination Assessments of Heavy Metals in the Road Dusts of Beijing

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.01.16

Abstract

Abstract:

The fast urbanization of Beijing which is the economic and cultural center of China has brought a series of environmental problems. Humans’ health can be hurt by absorbed urban road dust. 46 road dust samples were collected in 6 functional areas in Beijing during spring and winter respectively to investigate the concentrations and spatial distributions of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in the research. The methods of single factor index and Nemerow index were applied to evaluate the contaminated degree of road dust. The results indicated that the average concentrations of other elements were all higher than the values of the local soil background except for the element of As in winter. The max average concentrations of the 5 heavy metals in road dust were found in urban areas’ values and the min ones were found in the suburban areas’ values. Calculated single factor index revealed that the element of As was not exceeded in each functional area in winter and spring, whereas all the other elements caused contaminations to certain extend and the contamination of Cd was the most serious one. Results based on comprehensive pollution index showed that heavy metals in road dust were all slightly exceeded in various functional areas in winter and the results in spring showed the suburbs’ areas were clean, the factory and residential and commercial areas were slightly polluted and the leisure and educational areas were moderately polluted.

Key words: Beijing, road dust, functional area, heavy metal, contamination evaluation

CLC Number:

P595
X142

YU Xiangnan, LI Feiyang, FU Gengxue, FENG Haiyan, XIONG Feng. The Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Contamination Assessments of Heavy Metals in the Road Dusts of Beijing[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(01): 169-175.

Figures/Tables 10

References 33

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项目	国家一级标准	国家二级标准	国家三级标准
土壤pH值	自然背景	>7.5	>6.5
Cr	90	250	300
Pb	35	350	500
Cd	0.2	0.6	1
As	15	25	40
Hg	0.15	1	1.5

项目	国家一级标准	国家二级标准	国家三级标准
土壤pH值	自然背景	>7.5	>6.5
Cr	90	250	300
Pb	35	350	500
Cd	0.2	0.6	1
As	15	25	40
Hg	0.15	1	1.5

等级	内梅罗指数(P_n)	污染等级
1	P_n≤0.7	安全
2	0.7<P_n≤1.0	尚清洁
3	1.0<P_n≤2.0	轻度污染
4	2.0<P_n≤3.0	中度污染
5	P_n>3	重度污染

等级	内梅罗指数(P_n)	污染等级
1	P_n≤0.7	安全
2	0.7<P_n≤1.0	尚清洁
3	1.0<P_n≤2.0	轻度污染
4	2.0<P_n≤3.0	中度污染
5	P_n>3	重度污染

元素	季节	样品数	最大值	最小值	算数平均值	标准差	变异系数/%	土壤背景值^[14,15]
Cr	春季	20	130.00	57.40	87.80	21.60	24.60	29.80
Cr	冬季	20	112.70	60.80	82.63	12.64	15.30	29.80
Pb	春季	20	140.00	21.20	63.90	32.78	51.30	24.60
Pb	冬季	20	73.60	23.50	47.28	13.94	29.48	24.60
Cd	春季	20	1.49	0.11	0.63	0.41	65.28	0.12
Cd	冬季	20	0.78	0.14	0.42	0.16	38.15	0.12
As	春季	20	22.90	3.60	8.30	3.99	48.12	7.09
As	冬季	20	9.40	4.40	6.84	1.23	17.96	7.09
Hg	春季	20	1.79	0.03	0.30	0.40	130.75	0.12
Hg	冬季	20	1.71	0.06	0.29	0.37	128.97	0.12