Research on Geomorphologic Evolution of East and West Badain Lake and the Impact on Water Body Features

Abstract

Abstract:

Badain Lake area lies in the southeastern edge of Badain Jaran Desert, and there has a two-lake system with different water properties which are divided by longitudinal dunes, known as East Badain Lake and West Badain Lake. There is relatively little research about the cause of these lakes, especially the systematical research about the impact on hydrochemical and salty features in the process of weathering landform. By analyzing the wind direction and the basin shape of Badain Lake area, the geomorphologic evolution of this area is discussed and the difference of hydrochemical features between the two lakes is identified.The hydrochemical testing result shows that the TDS of water in East Badain Lake is about 1.5 g/L, which is defined as brackish water, while that in West Badain Lake is 100 times as much as that in East Badain Lake, which is defined as salt water.The remote sensing image of Google Earth and DEM indicate that the northwest-direction wind prevails in Badain Jaran Desert and the direction and force of winds in the southeastern edge are more complex and changeable than those of the interior of the desert. In addition, the basin depth of East Badain Lake is deeper than that of West Badain Lake. The geomorphologic evolution of Badain Lake can be divided into three stages: (1) the formation of the crescent lake which is integral; (2) the formation of two-lake system,when the water level of the integral lake decreases and the basin exposes under dry condition, a new barchan dune forms on the basin by northwest-direction wind and divides the lake into two parts(East Lake and West Lake), leading to the east of the basin suffering erosion; (3) the formation of the longitudinal dune,due to the change of local wind direction, the barchan dune extends to northeast by southwest-direction wind and gradually becomes a longitudinal dune. The result of comprehensive analysis comes to the conclusion that the changeable climate is the force of eolian landform’s evolution, and several changes of wind direction cause the difference of two-lake basin pattern, resulting more recharging of phreatic water in the east than that in the west; when the climate turns to be warm and humid, the water level rising of lakes makes the east and the west connect each other, while the water level of the east is 1 m higher than that of the west, so the east exists seasonal salt release and the west exists seasonal salt accumulation. As a result, the two-lake system varies greatly in salt content by the influence of geomorphologic evolution.

Key words: hydrochemistry, TDS, lake basin pattern, geomorphologic evolution, Badain Lake, Badain Jaran Desert

CLC Number:

P66
X141

ZHANG Haoyue, HU Xiaonong, WANG Xusheng. Research on Geomorphologic Evolution of East and West Badain Lake and the Impact on Water Body Features[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(02): 406-414.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Location of Badain Jaran Desert and the study area

Fig.2 Features of lakes in the hinterland of desert (a) and features of lakes in the southeastern desert (b)

Table 1 Hydrochemical characteristics of Badain Lake and surrounding groundwater

地区	年份	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	C $O 3 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	pH	TDS
巴丹东湖	1999	0.59	0.03	0.08	0.01	0.46	0.28	0.11	0.63	1.80	8.68
	2006	0.55	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.48	0.17	0.01	0.83	1.68	8.65
	2007	0.35	0.02	0.048	0.042	0.26	0.18	0.10	0.44	1.00	7.75
	2014	0.43	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.32	0.20	0.61		1.80	8.52
巴丹西湖	1999	147.00	7.62	0.003	0.01	112.00	42.90	63.10	4.39	398.20	10.63
	2006	63.68	3.08	0	0.08	163.71	106.42				11.00
	2007	60.29	5.58	0.557	0.066	57.88	17.43	1.92	3.34	182.50	9.47
	2014	25.01	1.77			17.26	11.95	7.03		65.93	9.9
附近地下水	2013	0.155	0.008	0.008	0.028	0.144	0.151	0.034	0.599

Table 1 Hydrochemical characteristics of Badain Lake and surrounding groundwater

地区	年份	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	C $O 3 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	pH	TDS
巴丹东湖	1999	0.59	0.03	0.08	0.01	0.46	0.28	0.11	0.63	1.80	8.68
	2006	0.55	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.48	0.17	0.01	0.83	1.68	8.65
	2007	0.35	0.02	0.048	0.042	0.26	0.18	0.10	0.44	1.00	7.75
	2014	0.43	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.32	0.20	0.61		1.80	8.52
巴丹西湖	1999	147.00	7.62	0.003	0.01	112.00	42.90	63.10	4.39	398.20	10.63
	2006	63.68	3.08	0	0.08	163.71	106.42				11.00
	2007	60.29	5.58	0.557	0.066	57.88	17.43	1.92	3.34	182.50	9.47
	2014	25.01	1.77			17.26	11.95	7.03		65.93	9.9
附近地下水	2013	0.155	0.008	0.008	0.028	0.144	0.151	0.034	0.599

Fig.3 Piper trilinear diagram of East and West Badain Lake

Fig.4 Change trends of cationic and anionic proportion of East and West Badain Lake

Fig.5 Remote sensing image of large-scale transversal dunes in Badain Jaran Desert

Fig.6 Oblique bedding structure of dunes in the southeastern desert

Fig.7 Remote sensing image of pyramid dune in the southern desert

Fig.8 Contour map of the wind speed of dune

Fig.9 Morphological features of East and West Badain Lake

Table 2 Characteristic parameters of East and West Badain Lake

地点		面积/m²		岸线长度/m		水位/m		最大长度线走向/(°)		沙脊走向/(°)
巴丹东湖	19 140		876		1 215		172			37
巴丹西湖	51 900		1 063		1 214		80			37

Fig.10 Cross section of East and West Badain Lake

Fig.11 Model of geomorphic evolution of Badain Lake and sectional features of the basin

Fig.12 Hydrogeological sections of east and west Badain Lake

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