Geothermal Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of the Seda-Songpan Fault Block

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021

Abstract

Abstract:

To determine the geothermal resource occurrence and source in the Sedar-Songpan fault block, three hot springs(namely Reshuitang, Shangdagu and Kalonggou) in Heishui County of Sichuan Province were taken sampled, and analyzed for their water chemistry and isotopes, and the recharge source and heat storage temperature of geothermal water were discussed. The results show that the groundwater chemistry types of the Heishui hot springs are HCO₃-Ca or HCO₃-Na, and the replenishing water came mainly from atmospheric precipitation. The replenishment elevation of the Reshuitang, Shangdagu and Kalonggou is 5,121 m, 3,890 m and 3,921 m, respectively. Considering mineral saturation, SiO₂ geothermometer was used to calculate the hot spring thermal storage temperature, yielding 119.036 ℃, 49.034 ℃ and 30.215 ℃, respectively. Based on the genetic analysis of the local geothermal water, we concluded that the underground hot water was formed by: the infiltration of meteoric water into the reservoir through the alpine recharge area, which absorbed heat from deep underground conducts and interacted with the wallrocks, forming the underground hot water. In the better developed parts of faults, cracks and joints, the hot water ascended along fault zones, and finally emerged as hot spring on the surface.

Key words: Seda-Songpan block, hot springs, hydrochemistry, isotope, geothermal reservoir

CLC Number:

HU Zexiang, ZHAO Xueqin, LI Song, LI Junya, WANG Yujue, YANG Luo. Geothermal Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of the Seda-Songpan Fault Block[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(02): 484-493.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Regional geological and structural map in the study area

Table 1 Basic information of hot springs in Heishui County, Sichuan Province

名称	地点	经纬度	水温环境背景值/℃	水温 /℃	水量/ (L/s)	电导率/ (μs/cm)	pH	溶解氧/ 10^-6
热水塘温泉	晴朗乡黑水塘沟	E103°01'16.33″、 N32°21'54.07″	16	45.0	2.41	258	8.8	5.40
上达古温泉	三达古村上达古社河	E102°53'42.11″、 N 32°15'54.78″	8	12.0	0.03	230	8.1	8.04
卡龙沟温泉	卡龙镇才盖村措基沟	E103°33'19.60″、 N32°26'23.54″	12	16.7	30.00	832	8.1	6.60

Fig.2 Outcrop photos of the Reshuitang hot spring

Fig.3 Outcrop photos of the Shangdagu hot spring

Fig.4 Outcrop photos of the Kalonggou hot spring

Table 2 Hydrochemical analysis results of the geothermal waters in Heishui County (mg/L)

水样点	pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	TDS
卡龙沟温泉	8.1	0.516	3.99	321.0	5.92	2.2	3.91	980	896
卡龙沟泉点	7.4	0.377	3.07	248.0	4.18	1.6	2.78	767	700
热水塘温泉	8.8	1.320	62.70	28.2	0.22	7.9	35.70	217	266
热水塘地表水	7.1	1.040	1.89	37.1	0.94	0.4	4.04	163	138
上达古温泉	8.1	0.476	2.43	105.0	1.05	0.4	3.29	353	320
上达古支流	7.0	1.160	1.32	22.5	1.17	0.4	4.54	102	140

Table 2 Hydrochemical analysis results of the geothermal waters in Heishui County (mg/L)

水样点	pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	TDS
卡龙沟温泉	8.1	0.516	3.99	321.0	5.92	2.2	3.91	980	896
卡龙沟泉点	7.4	0.377	3.07	248.0	4.18	1.6	2.78	767	700
热水塘温泉	8.8	1.320	62.70	28.2	0.22	7.9	35.70	217	266
热水塘地表水	7.1	1.040	1.89	37.1	0.94	0.4	4.04	163	138
上达古温泉	8.1	0.476	2.43	105.0	1.05	0.4	3.29	353	320
上达古支流	7.0	1.160	1.32	22.5	1.17	0.4	4.54	102	140

Fig.5 Piper ternary diagram of geothermal waters in Heishui County

Fig.6 Characteristic diagram of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes of the geothermal waters in Heishui County

Table 3 Isotope analysis results of geothermal waters in Heishui County

取样点	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	海拔/m	补给高程/m
热水塘温泉	-126.5	-17.4	3 551	5 121
上达古温泉	-94.5	-13.5	3 330	3 890
卡龙沟温泉	-97.7	-14.4	3 596	3 921
黑水县城雨水	54.6	-6.6	2 361	2 361

Table 4 Radioactive elements in the Heishui geothermalfluid

地点	α/(Bq/L)	β/(Bq/L)	²²⁶Ra/(Bq/L)
卡龙沟温泉	4.28×10^-2	3.98×10^-2	3.12×10^-2
热水塘温泉	3.23×10^-2	4.55×10^-2	2.36×10^-2
上达古温泉	/	/	/

Fig.7 Saturation index of minerals in the Heishui hot springs

Fig.8 Na-K-Mg ternary diagram of water samples from the Heishui hot springs (unit: ‰)

Fig.9 Si-enthalpy models for the Heishui hot springs

Table 5 Reservoir temperatures estimated by silica geothermometer in Heishui County

地点	水样温度/℃	热储温度/℃
热水塘温泉	45.0	119.036
上达古温泉	12.0	49.034
卡龙沟温泉	16.7	30.215

Fig.10 Genetic diagram for the Reshuitang hot spring

Fig.11 Genetic diagram for the Kalonggou hot spring

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