High-Resolution Mass Spectrum Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Low Maturity Oil in the Liaohe Western Depression

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.116

Abstract

Abstract:

The Liaohe Western Depression is enriched in low-maturity oil resources, however the formation mechanism of its hydrocarbon remains unclear.GC/MS combined with ESI FT-ICR MS approaches are used to study the characteristics and formation mechanisms of low-maturity oil in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo areas.The Gaosheng crude oil originated in a strongly reduced saline water environment, with its organic matter sourced from bacteria, algae, and terrestrial sources.The Niuxintuo crude oil originated in a reducing brackish water environment, with its organic matter primarily derived from a combination of microorganisms and terrestrial sources.Notably, the Niuxintuo crude oil exhibits a high wax content.The maturity parameters of the saturated hydrocarbons suggest that both sites contain low-maturity oils.Both low-maturity oils exhibited the presence of N₁, N₁O₁, N₁O₂, O₁, O₂, O₃, and O₄ compounds.The Gaosheng low-maturity oil predominantly consists of N₁ class compounds, while the Niuxintuo low-maturity oil is primarily composed of O₂ class compounds.The former contains an abundance of fatty acids and hopanoic acid, whereas the latter is characterized by high levels of fatty acids and notably lower hopanoic acid content.This divergence underscores the differences in the formation mechanisms of the two crude oils.The significant presence of hopanoic acid in the Gaosheng low-maturity oil suggests that the hydrocarbon source material underwent reformation by bacterium during the early diagenetic stage.The Gaosheng low-maturity oil results from a combined genetic mechanism involving early hydrocarbon generation from the biological lipids and bacterial reformation of the hydrocarbon source materials.The Niuxintuo low-maturity oil is abundant in fatty acids and higher plant waxes.Its formation mechanism involves early hydrocarbon generation from a significant quantity of biological lipids.Research into the genetic mechanisms of these two types of low-maturity oils provides a methodological approach for studying low-maturity oil genesis.This endeavor enhances our understanding of the genesis of low-maturity oils and provides guidance for exploring low-maturity oil in analogous basins.

Key words: Liaohe Basin, low-mature oil, formation mechanism, heteroatomic compound, high-resolution mass spectrometry

CLC Number:

P618.1

DENG Shuo, LI Sumei, CAO Jingtao, HUANG Taiming, LIU Jia, ZHANG Jianmiao, SHI Qianqian. High-Resolution Mass Spectrum Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Low Maturity Oil in the Liaohe Western Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(05): 1354-1369.

Figures/Tables 13

References 81

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井号	油田	层位	深度 (m)	降解程度	密度 (g/cm³)	黏度 (mPa·s)	凝固点 (℃)	含蜡量 (%)	含硫量 (%)	饱和烃 (%)	芳烃 (%)	非烃 (%)	沥青质 (%)	非烃+ 沥青质(%)	饱/芳
Z17-23	高升	Es₄中	1753.00	未	0.89	414	31	11.45	0.48	35.90	20.70	28.60	14.90	43.50	1.58
G1-5-13	高升	Es₄中	1337.00	轻微	0.90	1935	26	10.00	0.63	37.80	18.50	26.80	16.90	43.70	2.04
G3-6-25	高升	Es₃下	1788.00	中等	0.94	3524	6	5.10	0.53	27.50	21.10	29.30	22.10	51.40	1.31
G3-6-0151	高升	Es₃下	1641.95	中等	0.93	2585	9	6.68	0.51	24.00	19.60	30.90	25.50	56.40	1.23
T37-29	牛心坨	Es₄下	1909.55	未	0.88	1178	39	13.43	0.40	37.80	17.20	24.80	20.20	45.00	2.20
T35-29	牛心坨	潜山	2170.00	未	-	-	-	-	-	37.25	9.02	40.39	13.33	53.73	4.13

井号	油田	层位	深度 (m)	降解程度	密度 (g/cm³)	黏度 (mPa·s)	凝固点 (℃)	含蜡量 (%)	含硫量 (%)	饱和烃 (%)	芳烃 (%)	非烃 (%)	沥青质 (%)	非烃+ 沥青质(%)	饱/芳
Z17-23	高升	Es₄中	1753.00	未	0.89	414	31	11.45	0.48	35.90	20.70	28.60	14.90	43.50	1.58
G1-5-13	高升	Es₄中	1337.00	轻微	0.90	1935	26	10.00	0.63	37.80	18.50	26.80	16.90	43.70	2.04
G3-6-25	高升	Es₃下	1788.00	中等	0.94	3524	6	5.10	0.53	27.50	21.10	29.30	22.10	51.40	1.31
G3-6-0151	高升	Es₃下	1641.95	中等	0.93	2585	9	6.68	0.51	24.00	19.60	30.90	25.50	56.40	1.23
T37-29	牛心坨	Es₄下	1909.55	未	0.88	1178	39	13.43	0.40	37.80	17.20	24.80	20.20	45.00	2.20
T35-29	牛心坨	潜山	2170.00	未	-	-	-	-	-	37.25	9.02	40.39	13.33	53.73	4.13

井号	深度 (m)	Pr/ Ph	Pr/ C₁₇	Ph/ C₁₈	CPI	OEP	C₂₇ (%)	C₂₈ (%)	C₂₉ (%)	C₂₇/C₂₉ 规则甾烷	4-甲基甾烷/ C₂₉规则甾烷	伽马蜡烷/C₃₀ 藿烷	甾烷/ 藿烷	C₂₉甾烷 20S/ (S+R)	C₂₉甾烷 αββ/ (ααα+ αββ)	C₂₁₊₂₂/ C₂₉ 甾烷	三环萜烷/五环萜烷	DBT/ P
Z17-23	1753.00	0.68	1.00	2.35	2.28	1.21	21.86	35.49	42.65	0.51	0.46	0.41	0.62	0.22	0.22	0.01	0.03	0.13
G1-5-13	1337.00	0.52	0.77	2.47	-	-	22.06	37.19	40.75	0.54	0.30	0.38	0.40	0.24	0.23	0.01	0.02	0.10
G3-6-25	1788.00	0.50	5.22	24.29	-	-	22.98	36.80	40.22	0.57	0.31	0.25	0.32	0.31	0.27	0.03	0.02	0.06
G3-6-0151	1641.95	0.50	5.22	18.77	-	-	22.90	36.64	40.46	0.57	0.31	0.25	0.34	0.29	0.28	0.02	0.02	0.06
T37-29	1909.55	0.78	1.22	1.98	2.43	1.34	33.60	29.89	36.51	0.92	0.47	0.18	0.68	0.23	0.21	0.01	0.02	0.13
T35-29	2170.00	0.71	1.24	2.17	2.36	1.31	28.65	35.90	35.45	0.81	0.44	0.22	0.86	0.24	0.22	0.01	0.02	0.16

井号	深度 (m)	Pr/ Ph	Pr/ C₁₇	Ph/ C₁₈	CPI	OEP	C₂₇ (%)	C₂₈ (%)	C₂₉ (%)	C₂₇/C₂₉ 规则甾烷	4-甲基甾烷/ C₂₉规则甾烷	伽马蜡烷/C₃₀ 藿烷	甾烷/ 藿烷	C₂₉甾烷 20S/ (S+R)	C₂₉甾烷 αββ/ (ααα+ αββ)	C₂₁₊₂₂/ C₂₉ 甾烷	三环萜烷/五环萜烷	DBT/ P
Z17-23	1753.00	0.68	1.00	2.35	2.28	1.21	21.86	35.49	42.65	0.51	0.46	0.41	0.62	0.22	0.22	0.01	0.03	0.13
G1-5-13	1337.00	0.52	0.77	2.47	-	-	22.06	37.19	40.75	0.54	0.30	0.38	0.40	0.24	0.23	0.01	0.02	0.10
G3-6-25	1788.00	0.50	5.22	24.29	-	-	22.98	36.80	40.22	0.57	0.31	0.25	0.32	0.31	0.27	0.03	0.02	0.06
G3-6-0151	1641.95	0.50	5.22	18.77	-	-	22.90	36.64	40.46	0.57	0.31	0.25	0.34	0.29	0.28	0.02	0.02	0.06
T37-29	1909.55	0.78	1.22	1.98	2.43	1.34	33.60	29.89	36.51	0.92	0.47	0.18	0.68	0.23	0.21	0.01	0.02	0.13
T35-29	2170.00	0.71	1.24	2.17	2.36	1.31	28.65	35.90	35.45	0.81	0.44	0.22	0.86	0.24	0.22	0.01	0.02	0.16

井号	N₁ (%)	N₁O₁ (%)	N₁O₂ (%)	O₁ (%)	O₂ (%)	O₃ (%)	O₄ (%)	N₁ (%)				O₁ (%)			O₂ (%)			A	B	C	D
井号	N₁ (%)	N₁O₁ (%)	N₁O₂ (%)	O₁ (%)	O₂ (%)	O₃ (%)	O₄ (%)	DBE₉	DBE₁₂	DBE₁₅		DBE₄	DBE₅		DBE₁	DBE₅	DBE₆	A	B	C	D
Z17-23	40.86	6.99	5.82	25.79	19.83	0.00	0.71	22.34	14.19	5.25	37.20		20.61	34.20		15.34	11.64	1.38	1.04	0.24	0.75
G1-5-13	36.07	3.60	3.72	21.78	27.87	6.29	0.67	19.80	12.15	4.77	44.21		19.07	22.15		17.73	14.41	0.73	1.08	0.32	0.93
G3-6-25	54.22	5.76	2.23	23.11	14.12	0.00	0.55	17.50	12.62	5.84	34.36		19.36	19.80		17.27	14.21	0.73	1.35	0.33	0.90
G3-6-0151	50.46	4.42	1.49	22.45	20.06	0.00	1.12	17.73	12.64	5.70	36.74		19.43	34.24		14.50	11.24	1.45	1.52	0.51	1.04
T37-29	23.32	6.72	7.04	18.98	35.79	6.17	1.99	28.23	14.84	4.66	46.67		18.40	48.21		21.75	7.34	1.75	0.70	0.50	1.76
T35-29	17.62	1.15	0.45	16.01	63.92	0.71	0.14	30.69	12.45	3.49	61.03		18.07	85.16		3.38	2.75	13.41	0.80	1.08	1.86