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现代地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (01): 115-132.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.022

• 矿床学 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏扎西康锑铅锌银矿床金属硫化物微量元素特征及指示意义

刘子安1(), 王达1(), 马国桃2, 魏守才3, 史功文4, 贾蓝翔4, 蒋成凯1   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心矿产资源室,四川 成都 610081
    3.西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队,西藏 拉萨 850000
    4.西藏华钰矿业股份有限公司,西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 出版日期:2025-02-10 发布日期:2025-02-20
  • 通信作者: 王 达,男,副教授,1990年出生,主要从事金属稳定同位素在矿床学及找矿勘查中的应用研究工作。Email:WangDa900909@cugb.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘子安,男,博士研究生,2001年出生,主要从事矿床学研究工作。Email:2830844476@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目(92062219);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目(92162104);北京市科学技术协会2023-2025青年人才托举工程(BYESS2023411);中国地质大学(北京)大学生创新创业项目(S202211415020);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41903040);中国地质大学(北京)新教师基本科研能力提升项目(2-9-2020-010)

Characteristics and Significance of Trace Elements in Metal Sulfides from the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, Xizang

LIU Zi’an1(), WANG Da1(), MA Guotao2, WEI Shoucai3, SHI Gongwen4, JIA Lanxiang4, JIANG Chengkai1   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    2. Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
    3. Second Geological Brigade, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Xizang 850000, China
    4. Huayu Mining Company, Lhasa, Xizang 850000, China
  • Published:2025-02-10 Online:2025-02-20

摘要:

北喜马拉雅成矿带上首个超大型矿床——扎西康锑铅锌银矿床的成因存在较大争议,而且大量的伴生元素并未得到充分利用。本文在矿物学与矿相学研究的基础上,采用电子探针(EPMA)、元素面扫和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对该矿床中的闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、辉锑矿和硫锑铅矿等金属硫化物进行原位微量元素分析,旨在为元素综合利用与解决矿床成因争议提供理论依据。结果表明,Cd元素在闪锌矿、方铅矿与硫锑铅矿中富集,Ag元素在五种金属硫化物中普遍富集,因此矿石选冶过程中,不仅要关注方铅矿中Ag的提取,还要关注黄铁矿、硫锑铅矿、闪锌矿与辉锑矿中的Ag元素,以及闪锌矿、硫锑铅矿与方铅矿中的Cd元素的综合利用,以提高综合利用率并减少环境风险。此外,闪锌矿和辉锑矿富集Cu、Sn,而方铅矿、黄铁矿、硫锑铅矿则富集Bi,但其富集系数较低,回收价值有限。其他微量元素平均含量较低,大多小于10×10-6。系列硫化物元素组成判别图揭示扎西康锑铅锌银矿床与SEDEX型矿床相似。闪锌矿Fe-Zn含量(3.23%~12.10%, 53.63%~67.89%)与中温热液矿床(成矿温度约200 ℃)基本一致;Ga/Ge比值计算的成矿温度为185~200 ℃;Zn/Cd值(137.33~679.00)指示扎西康锑铅锌银矿床为中低温热液矿床。综合反映扎西康锑铅锌银矿床的铅锌成矿期可能系SEDEX成因。本文通过微量元素分析为扎西康矿床的成因争议提供了新的视角和数据支持,同时提出了在扎西康矿区矿石选冶中的综合利用方案,具有重要的矿业开发与环境保护意义。

关键词: 扎西康锑铅锌银矿床, 元素分析, 资源综合利用, 矿床成因, SEDEX型矿床

Abstract:

The ore genesis of the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, the first super-large deposit in the North Himalayan Metallogenic Belt, remains highly debated. Moreover, many associated elements have not been fully utilized during the mining and beneficiation processes. Based on mineralogical and petrographic studies, in-situ trace element analysis of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, boulangerite, and stibnite from the Zhaxikang deposit was conducted using electron microprobe (EPMA), elemental mapping, and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), aiming to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of associated elements and to resolve the controversy on ore genesis. The results show that Cd is enriched in sphalerite, galena, and boulangerite, and Ag is enriched in all five types of metal sulfides. Therefore, in the ore dressing process, attention should not only be paid to the extraction of Ag from galena, but also to the comprehensive utilization of Ag in pyrite, boulangerite, sphalerite, and stibnite, as well as Cd in sphalerite, galena, and boulangerite, to improve the overall utilization rate and reduce environmental risks. In addition, Cu and Sn are enriched in sphalerite and stibnite, while Bi is enriched in galena, pyrite, and boulangerite, but their low enrichment coefficients limit their recovery value. Other trace elements are present in low average concentrations, mostly below 10×10-6. The element composition discrimination diagrams of the sulfide minerals reveal that the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is similar to SEDEX-type deposits. The Fe-Zn contents (3.23%-12.10%, 53.63%-67.89%) of sphalerite are consistent with mesothermal hydrothermal deposits (mineralization temperature is about 200 ℃). The Ga/Ge ratio indicates a metallogenic temperature range of 185-200 ℃, and the Zn/Cd ratio (137.33-679.00) suggests that the Zhaxikang deposit is a low-intermediate temperature hydrothermal deposit. In conclusion, the Pb-Zn mineralization of the Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is most likely the SEDEX type. This study provides new perspectives and data support for the debate on the ore genesis of the Zhaxikang deposit and proposes a scheme for the comprehensive utilization of ores in mining and beneficiation processes, which is significant for mineral resource development and environmental protection.

Key words: Zhaxikang Sb-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, elemental analysis, resource optimization, ore genesis, SEDEX-type deposit

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