南海北部神狐海域峡谷层序结构差异与控制因素

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.04.17

现代地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (04): 807-818.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.04.17

南海北部神狐海域峡谷层序结构差异与控制因素

付超¹(), 于兴河¹(), 何玉林², 梁金强², 匡增桂², 董亦思³, 金丽娜¹

1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
2.广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州 510760
3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029

收稿日期:2017-07-12 修回日期:2018-01-11 出版日期:2018-08-10 发布日期:2018-09-19
通讯作者: 于兴河
作者简介:于兴河,男,教授,1958年出生,能源地质工程专业,从事海洋沉积学等方面研究。Email:Billyu@cugb.edu.cn。
付超,男,硕士研究生,1992年出生,矿场普查与勘探专业,主要从事海洋沉积学、水合物成藏研究。Email:fuchaopjb@163.com。
基金资助:
中国地质调查局南海天然气水合物资源勘查项目(GZH2011003-05-02-02);“十三五”国家科技重大专项“中国近海新生代盆地沉积差异及其对烃源岩的控制作用”(20162X05024-002-002)

Stratigraphic and Structural Differences and Their Controls in the Shenhu Submarine Canyon,Northern South China Sea

FU Chao¹(), YU Xinghe¹(), HE Yulin², LIANG Jinqiang², KUANG Zenggui², DONG Yisi³, JIN Lina¹

1. School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,China
2. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510760,China
3. Institution of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,China

Received:2017-07-12 Revised:2018-01-11 Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-09-19
Contact: YU Xinghe

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海北部陆坡神狐海域峡谷作为我国水合物首次试采区,其沉积层序特征控制和影响着富含水合物沉积体的展布。海域峡谷区沉积作用复杂,影响因素较多,对比难度较大一直是全球深海沉积研究的难题之一。研究采用井震综合分析的方法识别出层序界面,并结合峡谷侵蚀—充填过程,刻画出不同级次的层序界面在空间上的展布。研究划分出6个四级层序,但是各层序内部同相轴发育特征不同:层序Ⅲ和层序Ⅳ的底界可见明显的下切谷和峡谷定向迁移现象,层序Ⅴ和层序Ⅵ层序可见明显的同相轴错断现象。依据层序结构样式存在的差异,将研究区层序类型分成物源驱动型层序和沉降驱动型层序。然后统计层序Ⅰ—Ⅳ内部的沉积参数,根据陆坡滨岸线的演化过程将物源驱动型层序和沉降驱动型层序进行体系域划分。最后将两种类型的层序进行解剖并提出对应的演化模式:物源驱动型层序可以再划分成3个体系域,即低位域、海侵域和高位域,整体物源供给较充足,沟谷侵蚀现象明显,陆坡滨岸线多呈上超结构;沉降驱动型层序划分成4个体系域,即低位域、海侵域、高位域和海退域,其中海退体系域为最大海泛面和峡谷侵蚀面间的规则前积体,层序发育过程伴随断裂沉降,陆坡滨岸线多呈S型结构。

关键词: 神狐海域, 物源驱动型层序, 沉降驱动型层序, 沉积模式, 控制因素

Abstract:

The northern continental slope of the South China Sea (SCS) is the first gas hydrate producing trial region in the SCS,and its stratigraphy would influence the distribution of gas hydrate-bearing sediments. The complex canyon sedimentation and varying stratigraphic styles have hampered stratigraphic correlations in the SCS deep-sea sedimentology study. This study integrated the core-log-seismic data into the stratigraphic boundary identification. Integrating the canyon development stages, we distinguished six four-order stratigraphic boundaries: Sequence (SQ) Ⅲ and SQ Ⅳ were developed with apparent incised valley, and SQ Ⅴ and SQ Ⅵ were influenced by syn-sedimentary faults. Consequently, we classified the stratigraphic boundaries into two main types: sedimentation-driven and subsidence-driven. Sediment-driven sequences can be divided into three system tracts: LST (low stand system tract), TST (transgression system tract) and HST (high stand system tract).This stratigraphic type with abundant sediment supply swashed the basement and formed apparent incised valley. The slope-line trajectory has shown overlapping structures. Subsidence-driven sequence can be divided into four system tracts: LST, TST, HST and RST (regression system tract), and the RST can be distinguished as the regular seismic package between the MFS (Maximum Flood Surface) and incised valley.This stratigraphic type with syn-sedimentary fault development can be shown in the “S” structure in the slope-line trajectory.

Key words: Shenhu area, sedimentation-driven stratigraphic boundary, subsidence-driven stratigraphic boundary, sedimentary pattern, structural controls

中图分类号:

TE121.3

付超, 于兴河, 何玉林, 梁金强, 匡增桂, 董亦思, 金丽娜. 南海北部神狐海域峡谷层序结构差异与控制因素[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(04): 807-818.

FU Chao, YU Xinghe, HE Yulin, LIANG Jinqiang, KUANG Zenggui, DONG Yisi, JIN Lina. Stratigraphic and Structural Differences and Their Controls in the Shenhu Submarine Canyon,Northern South China Sea[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(04): 807-818.

图/表 9

图1 2015年神狐水合物钻探区位置及本次研究中使用的水合物钻探井位置 (a)构造分区;(b)海底地貌;(c)综合柱状图;1.开云低凸起;2.番禺低凸起;3.东沙隆起;4.白云凹陷

Fig.1 Location of the gas hydrate drilling sites in 2015 (study area), and those analyzed in this study

图2 三级层序界面确定与合成地震记录

Fig.2 Three-order stratigraphic boundary identification and synthetic seismograms

图3 不同类型水道侵蚀与三级层序界面识别

Fig.3 Different canyon evolution stages and the identified three-order stratigraphic boundary

图4 四级次水道侵蚀识别和井震结合层序划分

Fig.4 Four-order stratigraphic boundary distinguished and the integrated core-well-seismic data analysis

图5 峡谷区层序划分与解剖

Fig.5 Canyon stratigraphic division and seismic profile analysis

图6 峡谷层序参数定量统计

Fig.6 Quantitative statistics of the stratigraphic sedimentary parameters in the canyon

图7 两种类型层序演化模式

Fig.7 Two evolution patterns of stratigraphic evolution

表1 两种类型层序的结构差异与识别标志

Table 1 Two stratigraphic patterns and their distinguishing indicators

	物源驱动型层序演化模式	沉降驱动型层序演化模式
体系域组成	低位域+海侵域+高位域	低位域+海侵域+高位域+海退域
海平面变化幅度	海平面变化明显(层序Ⅳ)、海平面变化不明显(层序Ⅲ)同时存在	海平面变化不明显(层序Ⅴ和层序Ⅳ)
层序界面	具有明显的峡谷侵蚀界面作为初始洪泛面(FS);最大海泛面(MFS)反射较弱,但连续性强	具有较明显的峡谷侵蚀界面作为初始洪泛面(FS);最大海泛面(MFS)反射较强,中部有明显错断;海泛面上部发育较为整齐的前积体底界面为最大海退面(MRS)
主控因素	物源供给、海平面变化、气候	物源供给、海平面变化、气候,基底构造运动
沉积单元	斜坡扇、盆地扇(低位域);沉积物波,水道体系(高位域和海侵域)	斜坡扇、海底扇(低位域);沉积物波,水道体系、斜坡扇(高位域和海侵域)
识别标志	同相轴内部连续性较好,顶部有明显的峡谷侵蚀	同相轴内部存在明显错断,侵蚀面上下均可见整齐同相轴前积

图8 古地貌对层序演化的控制作用

Fig.8 Controls of paleo-geomorphology on stratigraphic evolution

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南海北部神狐海域峡谷层序结构差异与控制因素

Stratigraphic and Structural Differences and Their Controls in the Shenhu Submarine Canyon,Northern South China Sea

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