贵州寒武系底部黑色岩系型矿床沉积构造特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国南方地区早寒武世广泛分布着一套黑色岩系型矿床，其矿物组成和沉积地球化学都表现出明显的热水沉积特征，该黑色岩系沉积构造方面的研究却很少。通过对贵州寒武系底部3个不同黑色岩系型矿带Ni-Mo多金属成矿带、V成矿带、重晶石成矿带的宏观和微观构造的研究，总结了其沉积构造特征，发现其中存在大量类喷溢和喷流过程形成的沉积构造、气-水热液作用形成的沉积构造、胶体及生物化学沉积构造、准同生变形构造等沉积构造和沉积构造序列，分析了不同成矿带之间的沉积构造异同，这对该类型矿床成矿理论的研究具有重要意义。

关键词: 沉积构造, 黑色岩系, 寒武系, 贵州

Abstract:

Blackshaleseries deposits related to hydrothermal sedimentation were widely distributed in the basal Cambrian, southwest of China. According to the study on micro and macro structures of three different types of blackshaleseries deposit belts, namely NiMo ore deposit belt, V ore deposit belt and barite deposit belt, sedimentary structural features are concluded. Specifically, sedimentary structures and structures series that formed in extravasation, in pneumatohydrothermal process and in colloidalbiochemical process, as well as some penecontemporaneous sedimentary structures, were found and determined. As a result, comparison analysis was made on the differences and similarities of the sedimentary structures among those three deposit belts, which is of importance for mineralization theories related to deposits of this type.

Key words: sedimentary structure, blackshaleseries, Cambrian;Guizhou

魏怀瑞, 杨瑞东, 高军波, 王伟. 贵州寒武系底部黑色岩系型矿床沉积构造特征研究[J]. 现代地质, 2012, 26(4): 673-681.

WEI Fu-Rui, YANG Rui-Dong, GAO Jun-Bei, WANG Wei. Primary Study on the Sediment Structures in Blackshaleseries Deposits of the Basal Cambrian, Guizhou Province[J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(4): 673-681.

参考文献

［1］蒲心纯, 周浩达, 王熙林.中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理与成矿作用
[M].北京:地质出版社,1993: 40-100.
［2］Aharon P, Schidlo wski M, Singh I B. Chronostratigraphic markers in the endPrecambrian carbon isotope record of the Lesser Himalaya
[J]. Nature, 1987, 327:699-702.
［3］Magaritz M, Holser W T, Kirschvink J L. Carbonisotope events across the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary on the Siberian platform
[J]. Nature, 1986, 320: 258-259.
［4］Magaritz M, Kirschvink J L, Latham A J,et al. Precambrian/Cambrian boundary problem: Carbon isotope correlations for Vendian and Tommotian time between Siberia and Morocco
[J]. Geology, 1991, 19: 847-850.
［5］Brasier M D. Global oceanatmosphere change across the PrecambrianCambrian transition
[J]. Geological Magazine, 1992,129: 161-168.
［6］Brasier M D. Nutrientenriched waters and the early skeletal fossil record
[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 1992, 149: 621-629.
［7］Knoll A H, Walter M R. Late Proterozoic stratigraphy and Earth history
[J]. Nature, 1992, 356: 673-678.
［8］Kaufman A J, Knoll A H, Semikhatov M A, et al. Integrated chronostratigraphy of ProterozoicCambrian boundary beds in the western Anabar region, northern Siberia
[J]. Geological Magazine, 1996, 133: 505-553.
［9］Kaufman A J, Knoll A H. Neoproterozoic variations in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater: stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications
[J]. Precambrian Research, 1995, 73: 27-49.
［10］Conway M S, Mcilroy D, Rushton A W A. Lower Cambrian halkieriids from Oxfordshire, UK
[J]. Geological Magazine , 1998, 135(4): 501-508.
［11］Xiao S H, Zhang Y, Knoll A H. Threedimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite
[J]. Nature, 1998, 291: 553-558.
［12］Shu D G, Luo H L, Conway M S, et al. Lower Cambrian vertebrates from South China
[J].Nature, 1999, 402:42-46.
［13］Brasier M D, Shields G. Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy and correlation of the Port Askaig glaciation, Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland
[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 2000, 157: 909-914.
［14］Corsetti F A, Awramik S M, Pierce D, et al. Using chemostratigraphy to correlate and calibrate unconformities in Neoproterozoic strata from the Southern Great Basin of the United States
[J]. International Geology Review, 2000, 42:516-533.
［15］Corsetti F A, Hagadorn J W. Precambrian-Cambrian transition: Death Valley, United States
[J]. Geology, 2000, 28(4): 299 -302.
［16］Shen Y, Schidlowski M. New C isotope stratigraphy from southwest China: Implications for the placement of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze Platform and global correlations
[J]. Geology, 2000, 28(7): 623-626.
［17］Walter M R, Veevers J J, Calver C R, et al. Dating the 840-544 Ma Neoproterozoic interval by isotopes of strontium, carbon, and sulfur in seawater, and some interpretative models
[J]. Precambrian Research, 2000, 100: 371-433.
［18］Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Kuznetsov A B, et al. Chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic carbonates: implications for ‘blind dating’
[J]. Terra Nova, 2001, 13:1-11.
［19］Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Fallick A E, et al. Isotopic shtratigraphy suggests Neoproterozoic ages and Laurentian ancestry for highgrade marbles from the NorthCentral Norwegian Caledonides
[J]. Geological Magazine, 2002, 139(4):375-393.
［20］Yuan X L, Xiao S H, Parsley R L, et al. Towering sponges in an Early Cambrian Lagerstatte: Disparity between nonbilaterian and bilaterian epifaunal tierers at the NeoproterozoicCambrian transition
[J]. Geology, 2002, 30: 363-366.
［21］ Yang R D, Gao H, Wang Q, et al. REE accumulation of the Early Cambrian Gezhongwu Formation phosphorous rocks in Sanjia,Zhijin County, Guizhou Province,China
[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2005, 23(6):760-767.
［22］Coveney R M, Murowchick J B, Grauch R I , et al. Field relations,origins, and resource implications for platiniferous molybdenumnickel ores in black shales of South China
[J]. Exploration and Mining Geology, 1992, 1(1):21-28.
［23］李胜荣, 高振敏. 湘黔地区牛蹄塘组黑色岩系稀土特征——兼论海相热水沉积岩稀土模式［J］. 矿物学报，1995，15(2)：225-229.
［24］胡清洁. 新晃贡溪超大型重晶石矿床的岩石学特征与沉积成岩作用
[J]. 湖南地质,1997,16(2):106-111.
［25］Lott D A, Coveney R M, Murowchick J B, et al. Sedimentary exhalative nickelmolybdenum ores in South China
[J]. Economic Geology, 1999, 94: 1051-1066.
［26］彭军, 夏文杰, 伊海生. 湖南新晃贡溪重晶石矿床地质地球化学特征及成因分析
[J]. 成都理工学院学报, 1999, 26(1):92-96.
［27］Kao L S, Peacor D R, Coveney Jr R M, et al. A C/MoS2 mixedlayer phase (MoSC) occurring in metalliferous black shales from southern China, and new data on jordisite
[J]. American Mineralogist, 2001, 86: 852-861.
［28］Steiner M, Wallis E, Erdtmann B D, et al. Submarinehydrothermal exhalative ore layers in black shales from South China and associated fossilsinsights into a Lower Cambrian facies and bioevolution
[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 2001, 169: 165-191.
［29］Mao J W, Lehmann B, Du A D, et al. ReOs dating of polymetallic NiMoPGEAu mineralization in Lower Cambrian black shales of South China and its geological significance
[J]. Economic Geology, 2002, 97: 1051-1061.
［30］Jiang S Y, Yang J H, Ling H F, et al. Extreme enrichment of polymetallic NiMoPGEAu in Lower Cambrian black shales of South China: an Os isotope and PGE geochemical investigation
[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 2007, 254: 217-228.
［31］Kribek B, Korova S, Machovi V, et al. Organic geochemistry and petrography of barren and MoNiPGE mineralized marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation (South China)
[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2007, 72: 240-256.
［32］Orberger B, Vymazalova A, Wagner C, et al. Biogenic origin of intergrown Mosulphideand carbonaceous matter in Lower Cambrian black shales (Zunyi Formation, southern China)
[J]. Chemical Geology, 2007, 238(3/4): 213-231.
［33］吴朝东, 杨承运, 陈其英. 新晃贡溪—天柱大河边重晶石矿床热水沉积成因探讨
[J]. 北京大学学报:自然科学版, 1999, 35(6):774-785.
［34］方维萱, 胡瑞忠, 苏文超, 等. 大河边—新晃超大型重晶石矿床地球化学特征及形成的地质背景
[J]. 岩石学报, 2002, 18(2):247-256.
［35］夏菲, 马东升, 潘家永, 等. 贵州天柱大河边和玉屏重晶石矿床热水沉积成因的锶同位素证据
[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(24):2592-2595.
［36］夏菲, 马东升, 潘家永, 等.天柱大河边—新晃重晶石矿床矿物组成特征的电子探针研究
[J]. 矿物学报, 2005, 25(3):289-294.
［37］夏菲, 马东升, 潘家永, 等. 天柱大河边重晶石矿床铅同位素特征及来源探讨
[J]. 地球化学, 2005, 34(5):501-507.
［38］陈永权, 蒋少涌, 凌洪飞, 等. 华南寒武纪海洋中沉积矿床及其古环境
[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2005, 25(1):79-84.
［39］畅斌,温汉捷. 贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层电子探针研究［J］. 矿物学报，2008，28(4)：439-446.
［40］杨瑞东, 魏怀瑞, 王伟, 等. 贵州天柱上公塘—大河边寒武纪重晶石矿床海底热水喷流沉积特征
[J]. 地质论评, 2007, 53(5): 675-680.
［41］吴祥和, 韩至均, 蔡继峰, 等. 贵州磷块岩
[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1999: 70-75.
［42］罗泰义, 张欢, 李晓彪，等. 遵义牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中多元素富集层的主要矿化特征
[J]. 矿物学报, 2003, 23(4): 296-302.
［43］徐兴旺, 蔡新平, 肖骑彬,等. 滇西北衙地区热水岩溶作用及其伴生的地质灾害
[J]. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(6): 912-920.
［44］郑荣才, 文华国,范铭涛，等. 酒西盆地下沟组湖相白烟囱型喷流岩岩石学特征
[J]. 岩石学报, 2006, 22(12): 3027-3038.
［45］郑荣才, 王成善,朱利东，等. 酒西盆地首例湖相“白烟型”喷流岩——热水沉积白云岩的发现及其意义
[J]. 成都理工大学学报:自然科学版, 2003, 30(1): 1-8.
［46］谢桂青, 胡瑞忠, 方维萱, 等. 云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地球化学证据
[J]. 沉积学报, 2002, 20(3): 387-393.
［47］范铭涛, 杨麟科, 方国玉, 等. 青西凹陷下白垩统湖相喷流岩成因探讨及其意义
[J]. 沉积学报, 2003, 21:560-564.
［48］彭润民，翟裕生.内蒙古狼山—渣尔泰山中元古代被动陆缘热水喷流成矿特征
[J].地学前缘， 2004, 11(1): 257-268.
［49］范德廉, 叶杰, 杨瑞英, 等. 扬子地台前寒武—寒武纪界限附近的地质事件及成矿作用
[J]. 沉积学报, 1987, 5(3): 81-96.
［50］杨兢红，蒋少湧，凌洪飞，等.黑色页岩与大洋缺氧事件的ReOs同位素示踪与定年研究
[J].地学前缘，2005, 12(2):143-150.
［51］肖加飞, 胡瑞忠, 宋谢炎，等.贵州早寒武世的缺氧事件沉积
[J]. 矿产与地质, 2006, 20(4/5):36.
［52］Lambert I B,Walter M R, Zang W L, et al. Paleoenvironment and carbon isotope study of the Yangtze Platform
[J].Nature, 1987, 325:140-142.
［53］王琛, 林丽, 李德亮,等. 黔西纳雍地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系生物标志物的特征
[J]. 地质通报, 2011, 30(1):106-111.
［54］陈益平，潘家永，胡凯，等. 贵州遵义镍-钼富集层中独居石的发现及成因意义［J］. 岩石矿物学杂志，2007，26(4)：340-344.
［55］Bertine K K, Turekian K K. Molybdenum in marine deposits
[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1973, 37(6): 1415-1434.
［56］韩发, 沈建忠, R W 哈钦森. 冰长石——大厂锡-多金属矿床同生成因的标志矿物
[J]. 矿床地质, 1993, 12(4):330-337.
［57］Rona P A. Black smokers on the midAtlantic Ridge
[J].Eos,Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 1985, 66(40):936.
［58］McConachy T F, Whitford D J, Scott S D. Particulate matter concentration in Western Woodlark Basin:evidence for hydrothermal activity
[J]. Eos,Transactions, American Geophysical Union,1986, 67:1028.
［59］Leinen M, McDuff R, Delaney J, et al. Offaxial hydrothermal activity in the Mariana Mounds Field
[J]. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 1987, 68:1531.
［60］Rona P A, Scott S D. A special issue on seafloor hydrothermal mineralization: new perspectives
[J]. Economic Geology, 1993, 88:1935-1976.
［61］曹红, 曹志敏. 西南印度洋中脊海底热液活动
[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2011, 31(1): 67-76.

[1]	胡力文, 邹华耀, 杨伟强, 黎霆, 邓成昆, 程忠贞, 诸丹诚, 陈星岳. 川北寒武系碳酸盐岩压溶作用的影响因素[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1221-1231.
[2]	雷倩萍. 皖北寒武系张夏组上部的三叶虫新材料[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(02): 500-511.
[3]	王美华. 浙西典型石煤矿山周边耕地富硒土壤地球化学特征及影响因素[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(03): 941-952.
[4]	刘健, 汪一凡, 林钟扬, 潘少军. 浙江建德市耕地表层土壤硒分布、来源及生态效应[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(03): 953-962.
[5]	张红雨, 苏犁, 秦红. 内蒙古大沟井寒武纪黑色页岩元素地球化学特征及钒赋存形式[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(01): 321-332.
[6]	成晓梦, 吴超, 孙彬彬, 贺灵, 曾道明. 浙江中部典型黑色岩系分布区土壤-作物富硒特征与重金属风险评价[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(02): 425-433.
[7]	杨志忠, 周文龙, 罗勇军, 蒲庆隆, 令狐东, 宋小军. 贵州镇远县耕地土壤中硒的分布特征及控制因素[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(02): 434-442.
[8]	白莹, 罗平, 刘伟, 徐安娜, 赵振宇, 王珊, 龚骥遥. 北京西郊丁家滩剖面寒武系第二统昌平组核形石特征及成因[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(03): 587-597.
[9]	曹正端, 杨瑞东, 高军波, 陈军, 张伟, 沈明联, 张旭, 李纪. 贵州紫云方解石矿床地球化学特征及成因研究[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(04): 757-767.
[10]	陈刚，汤良杰，余腾孝，郭颖，岳勇，李九梅，张旭光，龙禹，谢欣彤. 塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区前寒武系不整合对基底古隆起及其演化的启示[J]. 现代地质, 2015, 29(3): 576-583.
[11]	代一丁，崔维平. 珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ25-7构造古近系成像测井沉积学研究[J]. 现代地质, 2015, 29(1): 63-70.
[12]	王野，王训练，张海军，景秀春，孙玄. 贵州独山中泥盆统生物礁中同生滑塌构造及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2014, 28(2): 265-270.
[13]	陈君青，姜振学，庞雄奇，庞宏，姜福杰. 应用新方法剖析钻探井失利原因:以塔里木盆地台盆区寒武系碳酸盐岩为例[J]. 现代地质, 2013, 27(5): 1161-1172.
[14]	何志威，杨瑞东，高军波，程伟，黄建国. 贵州省松桃杨家湾锰矿含锰岩系地质地球化学特征[J]. 现代地质, 2013, 27(3): 593-602.
[15]	高军波，杨瑞东，陶平，魏怀瑞，刘坤，程伟. 贵州镇宁泥盆系大型重晶石矿床地球化学特征及其成因研究[J]. 现代地质, 2013, 27(1): 46-55.