北京西郊丁家滩剖面寒武系第二统昌平组核形石特征及成因

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.03.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

核形石是微生物岩的一种,长期受到地质学家的广泛关注。目前在核形石的展布模式、沉积环境以及微生物特征和形成机制方面的研究仍显不足。北京西郊丁家滩剖面地层出露良好且保存完整,其寒武系昌平组的早期高位体系域主要沉积在潮下-潟湖环境中。受控于三级以下海平面以及水动力条件,早期高位体系域自下而上发育了三套形态各异的核形石层。第一套毫米级核形石零星分布于早期高位体系域下部,不具明显核心,包壳内见大量泥晶物质及砂屑、生屑。第二套厘米级-亚厘米级椭球状核形石集中分布于早期高位体系域中部,具有明显核心,包壳主要由亮纹层、菌纹层、生屑层和包壳层组成。第三套厘米级椭球/叶状核形石集中分布于早期高位体系域上部,具有明显核心,包壳主要由亮纹层组成,菌纹层含量较少。镜下鉴定结果表明由亮/暗纹层交互而成的核形石包壳具有不同的显微/超微结构,代表了微生物席与沉积环境的不同互动方式。分析其形成环境可知,北京西郊丁家滩剖面寒武系昌平组以核形石为主的微生物岩,生物灭绝事件是其直接成因,但也许不是决定性因素。

关键词: 核形石, 昌平组, 寒武系第二统, 北京

Abstract:

Oncolite, a main kind of microbialite, has long attracted much scientific attention. Until now, uncertainties remain on the distribution model, sedimentary environment, microbial characteristics and formation mechanisms of oncolite. In the western suburbs of Beijing, the Dingjiatan section contains well-preserved Cambrian sequences. Controlled by the 4^th order sea-level change and hydrodynamic characteristics, the EHST of Changping Formation, Cambrian deposits in subtidal-lagoon environments, including three sets of oncolites with different shapes. The first set of mm-scale oncolite is scattered in the lower part of EHST, whose envelope contains plenty of mud debris, sand-/bio-clastics. The second set of (sub-)cm-scale oncolite concentrates in the middle part of EHST. Axiolitic oncolite has obvious core, and its envelope includes light/bacterial/bioclastic/coated lamina. The third set of cm-scale oncolite is distributed in the upper central part of EHST, with obvious core and envelope of many light lamina and few bacterial lamina. Microscopic identification results show that the oncolite envelope consists of light and dark lamina. Their different ultra-/micro-structures stand for various forms of interactions between microbial mats and sedimentary environment. Through studying the formation environment, this microbial set is related to the biological extinction, although that may not have been decisive.

Key words: oncolite, Changping Formation, Series 2 of Cambrian, Beijing

中图分类号:

P534
P539

白莹, 罗平, 刘伟, 徐安娜, 赵振宇, 王珊, 龚骥遥. 北京西郊丁家滩剖面寒武系第二统昌平组核形石特征及成因[J]. 现代地质, 2019, 33(03): 587-597.

BAI Ying, LUO Ping, LIU Wei, XU Anna, ZHAO Zhenyu, WANG Shan, GONG Jiyao. Characteristics and Origin of Oncolite from Changping Formation in the Series 2 of Cambrian in Western Beijing[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(03): 587-597.

图/表 4

图1 丁家滩剖面位置及昌平组层序地层划分示意图

Fig.1 Location and stratigraphic division of Changping Formation, Dingjiatan cross-section

图2 旋回I和第一套核形石特征 (a)旋回I第①层深灰色厚层状凝块泥晶灰岩;(b)具有包壳结构的凝块;(c)旋回I第②层深灰色厚层状核形石凝块砂屑泥亮晶白云质灰岩;(d)弥散状核形石

Fig.2 Characteristics of cycle I and the first set of oncolites

图3 旋回II和第二套核形石特征 (a)旋回II第③层深灰色厚层状叠层凝块白云质灰岩;(b)暗色泥质纹层;(c)旋回II第④层浅灰色核形石砂屑生屑泥亮晶白云质灰岩;(d)多核心核形石及基质;(e)菌纹层中的黄铁矿集合体;(f)生屑层;(g)包壳层;(h)核形石雏形;(i)螺旋状钙化壳;(j)球状白云石集合体与菌丝;(k)黄铁矿与微晶环边;(l)蜂窝状EPS(胞外聚合物)与正常白云石

Fig.3 Characteristics of cycle II and the second set of oncolites

图4 旋回III和第三套核形石特征 (a)旋回III第⑤层中灰色厚层状凝块含砾泥亮晶白云质灰岩;(b)包壳与生屑;(c)旋回III第⑥层中灰色厚层状核形石砂屑砾屑泥亮晶白云质灰岩;(d)椭球/叶状核形石及其间的砂屑和生屑;(e)菌纹层与筒/穴状亮晶充填;(f)菌纹层与云雾状黄铁矿;(g)云雾状黄铁矿;(h)黄铁矿化的葛万菌丝状体

Fig.4 Characteristics of cycle III and the third set of oncolite

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