栾川矿集区钼矿尾渣与土壤中钼的迁移转化机理

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.096

现代地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (03): 755-763.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.096

• 水土资源地球化学过程观测模拟与综合评价 • 上一篇下一篇

栾川矿集区钼矿尾渣与土壤中钼的迁移转化机理

潘飞飞¹^,²(), 谌宏伟³(), 陈丹利¹^,², 赵膂³^,⁴, 李正最⁵, 陈辉¹^,², 彭向训³, 刘京¹^,²

1.河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质勘查院,河南郑州 450014
2.河南省金属矿产深孔钻探工程技术研究中心,河南郑州 450014
3.长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙 410114
4.湖南省水务规划设计院有限公司,湖南长沙 410005
5.湖南省水文水资源勘测中心,湖南长沙 410005

出版日期:2024-06-10 发布日期:2024-07-04
通讯作者: 谌宏伟,男,副教授,1969年出生,主要从事水土污染防治与控制技术方面的研究。Email: 303424977@qq.com。
作者简介:潘飞飞,男,高级工程师,1984年出生,主要从事矿产勘探和水工环地质研究。Email: pff202304@126.com。
基金资助:
河南省重点研发专项(231111320700);河南省自然资源厅科技攻关项目“栾川矿集区地球化学环境累积效应和预警方法研究”([2019]373-10号);湖南省水利重大科研项目(XSKJ2019081-09);河南省地质矿产勘查开发局局管地质科研项目“陆浑水库上游矿业活动对水源地安全影响研究”(豫地矿科研[2019]6号)

Mechanism of Molybdenum Migration and Transformation in the Tailings and Soils in the Luanchuan Mining Area

PAN Feifei¹^,²(), CHEN Hongwei³(), CHEN Danli¹^,², ZHAO Lü³^,⁴, LI Zhengzui⁵, CHEN Hui¹^,², PENG Xiangxun³, LIU Jing¹^,²

1. No.3 Geological Exploration Institute, Henan Provincial Bureau of Geo-exploration and Mineral Development, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
2. Engineering Technology Research Center for Deep Hole Drilling for Metal Minerals in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
3. School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
4. Hunan Water Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
5. Hunan Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China

Online:2024-06-10 Published:2024-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提供栾川矿集区所在流域下游水源地陆浑水库Mo污染的源头控制依据,开展了6座钼矿尾矿库尾渣和土壤的野外调查及三道庄尾矿库尾渣和土壤的Mo赋存形态分析和降雨淋滤试验,以探讨Mo在钼矿尾渣与土壤中的迁移转化机理。结果显示,尾矿库尾渣Mo平均含量为238.24 mg/kg,浸出液Mo含量达0.26 mg/L;土壤Mo平均含量为125.88 mg/kg;尾渣残渣态Mo占比97.71%,土壤残渣态Mo占比63.66%,可交换态和碳酸盐结合态分别占比22.35%和11.80%。酸-偏碱性降雨淋滤后,尾渣中残渣态Mo占比不同程度减少,中-偏碱性降雨更利于尾渣残渣态Mo向碳酸盐结合态转化,使之由淋滤前的1.19%分别增加到18.85%和24.14%,提高了尾渣中Mo的迁移性。酸性降雨时土壤铁锰氧化态和有机态Mo占比大幅度升高,其他形态Mo占比均一定幅度降低;中性-偏碱性降雨时土壤残渣态和有机态Mo占比升高,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态大幅度降低,表示酸性降雨可促进土壤中形成铁锰等钼酸盐,而中-偏碱性降雨可能有利于土壤中形成铁锰等氢氧化物和碳酸盐,阻碍了铁锰等钼酸盐的产生,一定程度上提高了Mo的迁移性。因尾渣和土壤矿物组成和理化性质不同,降雨淋滤下Mo在两者中的迁移转化机理存在一定差异,但总体而言,酸-偏碱性降雨均可促进Mo的迁移转化,从而影响水土环境。

关键词: 钼矿尾渣, 土壤, Mo, 降雨淋滤, 赋存形态, 栾川矿集区

Abstract:

To investigate the controls of the molybdenum (Mo) pollution sources in the Luhun Reservoir, we conducted a field survey with collecting six Mo tailing ponds.Molybdenum speciation analysis and leaching experiments were performed to study the mechanism of Mo migration and transformation in the tailings and soils.The average Mo content in the six samples of tailings and soils are 238.24 and 125.88 mg/kg, respectively, and the Mo content in the leached solution is 0.26 mg/L.Tessier extracting result shows that the Mo residual in the tailing was 97.71%, while together with that, the exchangeable and carbonate bound Mo in the soil are 63.66%, 22.35%, and 11.80%, respectively.After the leaching experiments with acid to alkaline rainfalls, the Mo residual in the tailing decreased.The neutral and alkaline rainfall favor the transformation of Mo residual to carbonate Mo bound, leading to the carbonate Mo bound increasing from 1.19% to 18.85%, and then to 24.14%.This indicates that the neutral and alkaline rainfall can enhance the transporting capability of Mo.In the soils, the iron-manganese oxidation state and the organic Mo bound increased largely, and all the other Mo species decreased by different degree with the acid rainfall leaching.The residual and the organic Mo bound increased and the carbonate Mo bound and the iron-manganese oxidation state decreased largely with the lea-ching of neutral-alkaline rainfall.It suggested that the acid rainfall can increase the formation of the molybdate of iron and manganese, while the neutral and alkaline rainfall likely favor the formation of the iron and manganese hydroxide and carbonate, which prevents the formation of the iron and manganese molybdate, enhancing the transporting capability of Mo by an order of magnitude.Although the differences of the ore and the physicochemical properties of the tailings and the soils can cause different Mo transportation and transformation, the acid to alkaline rainfall can enhance the transportation and transformation of Mo in the two media, and hence affect the soil and aqueous environments.

Key words: molybdenum tailing, soil, molybdenum, rainfall leaching, speciation, Luanchuan mining area

中图分类号:

P595

潘飞飞, 谌宏伟, 陈丹利, 赵膂, 李正最, 陈辉, 彭向训, 刘京. 栾川矿集区钼矿尾渣与土壤中钼的迁移转化机理[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(03): 755-763.

PAN Feifei, CHEN Hongwei, CHEN Danli, ZHAO Lü, LI Zhengzui, CHEN Hui, PENG Xiangxun, LIU Jing. Mechanism of Molybdenum Migration and Transformation in the Tailings and Soils in the Luanchuan Mining Area[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(03): 755-763.

图/表 6

图1 秦岭造山带大地构造图((a),底图据董云鹏等[15]修改)和研究区地质及矿床分布图((b),底图据陈丹利等[16]修改)

Fig.1 Tectonic framework of the Qinling Orogen belt (a)[15] and the geological background and location of deposits in the study area (b)[16]

图2 室内实验流程图

Fig.2 Flow chart of the laboratory experiments

表1 钼矿尾渣与浸出液重金属含量(mg/L)

Table 1 Heavy mental concentrations in the molybdenum tailing and the extracted liquid (mg/L)

区域	Mo	Cr	Cd	Cu	Pb	Zn	W	As	Hg	Ni
6座尾矿库尾渣平均含量	238.240	0.017	0.460	58.720	9.280	135.830	262.370	5.910	0.017	28.870
三道庄钼矿尾渣	195.000	51.200	0.300	62.100	15.000	69.700	103.000	0.530	0.017	24.000
三道庄钼矿尾渣浸出液	0.176	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.002

表2 钼矿尾渣和土壤Mo赋存形态分析结果

Table 2 Analytcal results of Mo speciation in the molybdenum tailings and soils

介质	项目	可交换态	碳酸盐结合态	铁锰氧化态	有机态	残渣态	合计
尾渣	含量(mg/kg)	0.94	10.18	7.98	0.50	836.00	855.60
尾渣	占比(%)	0.11	1.19	0.93	0.06	97.71	100
土壤	含量(mg/kg)	31.60	16.68	3.02	0.08	90.00	141.38
土壤	占比(%)	22.35	11.80	2.14	0.05	63.66	100

图3 不同pH降雨下钼矿尾渣(a)和土壤(b)淋滤液中Mo含量随时间的变化

Fig.3 Effect of different pH values in rainwater on the Mo concentrations over time in leachate of molybdenum tailings (a) and soils (b)

图4 降雨淋滤前后尾渣(a)和土壤(b)中Mo的赋存形态对比图(pH=5.5,pH=6.5和pH=7.5分别表示pH值为5.5、6.5和7.5的降雨淋滤9 d后的尾渣和土壤)

Fig.4 Change of Mo speciation in the molybdenum tailings (a) and the soils (b) after the eluviating

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栾川矿集区钼矿尾渣与土壤中钼的迁移转化机理

Mechanism of Molybdenum Migration and Transformation in the Tailings and Soils in the Luanchuan Mining Area

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