印度洋北部马克兰增生楔泥火山分布及主控因素探讨

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.05.15

现代地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (05): 1025-1030.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.05.15

印度洋北部马克兰增生楔泥火山分布及主控因素探讨

龚建明¹^,²^,³(), 廖晶¹^,²^,³, 张莉⁴, 何拥军¹^,²^,³, 翟滨¹^,²^,³, 孟明²^,³^,⁵, 成海燕⁶

1.青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛 266071
2.海洋国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛 266061
3.自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室,山东青岛 266071
4.广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州 510760
5.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
6.中国冶金地质总局青岛地质勘查院,山东青岛 266061

收稿日期:2018-01-10 修回日期:2018-07-10 出版日期:2018-10-10 发布日期:2018-11-04
作者简介:龚建明,男,研究员,1964年出生,石油地质专业,主要从事海洋油气与天然气水合物研究工作。Email:gongjianm@aliyun.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“祁连山冻土区天然气水合物气源成因研究”(41273066);国家青年科学基金项目“南海北部神狐海域深水水道演化与水合物成藏的关系”(41406080);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0310000)

Discussion on the Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of Mud Volcanoes in Makran Accretionary Wedge,Northern Indian Ocean

GONG Jianming¹^,²^,³(), LIAO Jing¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Li⁴, HE Yongjun¹^,²^,³, ZHAI Bin¹^,²^,³, MENG Ming²^,³^,⁵, CHENG Haiyan⁶

1. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China
2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China
3. Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China
4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510760,China
5. School of Ocean Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China
6. Qingdao Geological Exploration Institute of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China

Received:2018-01-10 Revised:2018-07-10 Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-11-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨低角度俯冲背景下活动大陆边缘泥火山的分布及其主控因素,收集了大量印度洋北部马克兰增生楔地区的沉积地层、断裂构造及泥火山或泥底辟等资料。综合分析结果显示,研究区沉积地层主要由上、下两部分组成,其中,下部较细的半远洋泥质地层具有“东厚西薄”的特征,而上部较粗的马克兰砂地层具有高速沉积的特征。这种密度倒置且后期沉积速率很高的地层分布特征为该区泥底辟或泥火山的形成提供了物质基础。在马克兰增生楔,阿拉伯板块向欧亚板块汇聚的速率具有“东快西慢”的特点,而且东、西两侧走滑断层和泥火山发育。结合俯冲角度同样较低的地中海海岭板块汇聚速率与泥火山的分布特征认为,马克兰增生楔东、西两侧的泥火山主要受走滑断层的控制,而增生楔内部的泥火山主要受板块汇聚速率、逆冲断裂以及密度倒置等综合因素的控制,表现为“东多西少”的特征。

关键词: 沉积特征, 汇聚速率, 泥火山, 主控因素, 马克兰增生楔

Abstract:

In order to study the distribution and main controlling factors of mud volcanoes in the active continental margin in low angle subduction background, a large amount of data on sedimentary strata, fault structures, mud volcanoes or mud diapir have been collected in the Makran accretionary wedge of northern Indian Ocean. The comprehensive analysis results show that the sedimentary strata in the study area are mainly composed of the upper and lower parts, among which the lower hemipelagic muddy strata have the characteristics of “east thick and west thin”, while the upper coarse Makran sand strata have the characteristics of high speed deposition. The characteristics of density inversion and high sedimentary rate provide the material basis for the formation of mud diapir or mud volcano. In Makran accretionary wedge, the convergence rate between Arabian plate and Eurasian plate is characterized by “east fast and west slow”, moreover, the strike-slip faults and mud-volcanoes developed on both sides of the east and west. Considering the convergence rate of the Mediterranean Sea Ridge with the same low subduction angle and the distribution characteristics of mud volcanoes, it is considered that the mud volcanoes on both sides of the east and west are mainly controlled by strike-slip faults, while the mud volcanoes in the accretionary wedge are mainly controlled by the convergence rate, thrust faults and density inversion, showing the characteristics of “the East mud volcanoes are more than the West”.

Key words: sedimentary feature, convergence rate, mud volcano, main controlling factor, Makran accretionary wedge

中图分类号:

P618.13

龚建明, 廖晶, 张莉, 何拥军, 翟滨, 孟明, 成海燕. 印度洋北部马克兰增生楔泥火山分布及主控因素探讨[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(05): 1025-1030.

GONG Jianming, LIAO Jing, ZHANG Li, HE Yongjun, ZHAI Bin, MENG Ming, CHENG Haiyan. Discussion on the Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of Mud Volcanoes in Makran Accretionary Wedge,Northern Indian Ocean[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(05): 1025-1030.

图/表 4

表1 马克兰增生楔泥火山分布特征(据文献[13??-16]修改)

Table 1 Distribution characteristics of mud volcanoes in Makran accretionary wedge (after references of [13??-16])

泥火山分布区	巴基斯坦			伊朗
泥火山分布区	陆域	海域		陆域	海域
泥火山数量/处	48	14	7		8
与泥火山有关的断层类型	走滑断层为主	逆冲断层、走滑断层	走滑断层为主		逆冲断层

图1 印度洋北部马克兰增生楔大地构造位置及泥火山分布图(据文献[17-18])

Fig.1 Geotectonic location and distribution map of mud volcanoes in the Makran accretionary wedge(after references of[17-18])

图2 马克兰增生楔地层柱状图 (据文献[22])

Fig.2 Schematic stratigraphic column of the Makran accretionary prism (after reference [12])

表2 地中海海岭中—西部和东部泥火山特征及控制因素对比(据文献[28]修改)

Table 2 Comparisons in mud volcano features and controlling factors between mid-west and northern of Mediterranean Ridge (after reference [28])

地中海海岭	中-西部(Olimpi 泥火山地区)	东部(Anaximander Mountains泥火山地区)
泥火山数量	多	少
汇聚速率	高,25~35 mm/a	低,13 mm/a
俯冲地层	年轻,半远洋沉积物	老,固结的岩石
主控因素	走滑断层+逆冲断层	走滑断层为主

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印度洋北部马克兰增生楔泥火山分布及主控因素探讨

Discussion on the Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of Mud Volcanoes in Makran Accretionary Wedge,Northern Indian Ocean

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