川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理

现代地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (05): 978-989.

• 川藏铁路沿线重大地质灾害与工程地质问题 • 上一篇下一篇

川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理

任三绍¹^,²(), 郭长宝²^,³(), 张永双²^,³, 周能娟², 杜国梁²^,³

1.中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083
2.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京 100081
3.国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室,北京 100081

收稿日期:2016-10-12 修回日期:2017-05-10 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-11-06
通讯作者: 郭长宝,男,博士,副研究员,1980年出生,地质工程专业,从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。Email: guochangbao@163.com。
作者简介:任三绍,男,硕士研究生,1991年出生,地质工程专业,从事工程地质与地质灾害方面的研究。Email: rensanshao123@163.com。
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目(12120113038000);国家自然科学基金项目(41402321);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110100-2);中铁二院科研计划(二院科字201303)

Development Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Chashushan Landslide in Batang, Western Sichuan

REN Sanshao¹^,²(), GUO Changbao²^,³(), ZHANG Yongshuang²^,³, ZHOU Nengjuan², DU Guoliang²^,³

1. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3. Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2016-10-12 Revised:2017-05-10 Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

川西巴塘茶树山滑坡位于金沙江断裂带和巴塘断裂带的交汇处,区内地质构造复杂,新构造活动强烈,大型滑坡频发。茶树山滑坡为一古滑坡堆积体复活形成的滑坡。该滑坡自2001年7月首次出现滑动变形之后以蠕滑变形为主,不断的变形作用促使滑坡变形速度加快,滑坡体上出现了各种滑动形迹,于2006年1月7日发生大规模滑动。该滑坡目前仍处于不稳定状态,滑坡体变形破坏迹象较为明显,有进一步发生变形破坏的可能。在野外调查的基础上,对茶树山滑坡滑带土进行了大型直剪试验研究,获得了不同含水率条件下的滑带土抗剪强度变化规律,结果表明随含水率增大滑带土强度有明显减小的趋势。综合野外调查、物探钻探以及试验分析认为茶树山滑坡的形成机理为:受断裂构造作用,岩体结构面密集发育,岩体破碎程度高,岩土体力学性质差;上部透水层和下部隔水层的二元结构为滑坡体的富水提供了有利条件,强降雨作用使滑坡稳定性处于临界状态,渠水入渗和冻融作用直接诱发滑坡的发生。采用FLAC^3D对目前茶树山滑坡的稳定性进行模拟,结果表明,在强降雨条件下滑坡体出现明显的变形迹象,滑移面即将贯通,可能再次发生大的滑动。从滑坡形成机理角度考虑,加强排水、避免渠水再次入渗可以有效地控制坡体稳定性。

关键词: 茶树山滑坡, 巴塘断裂, 大型直剪试验, 数值模拟, 形成机理

Abstract:

Chashushan landslide is located in the intersection of Batang fault and Jinshajiang fault. With the complex geological structure and intense neotectonic movement, large landslides occur frequently in this area. Chashushan landslide originates from ancient landslide mass. The sliding deformation of the landslide first appeared in July of 2001, followed by creep deformation. Deformation velocity of the landslide was accelerating continuously because of deformation. Then a lot of distortion evidences appeared in the landslide mass. Finally, the landslide occured severely sliding on January 7,2006. The landslide is in unstable condition, and the deformation and failure of the landslide are obvious, and it is potential that the deformation and failure will last. Through field investigation, large-scale direct shear tests on slipping soils were carried out, then the shear strength was obtained under the condition of different water contents, which revealed the cohesion and internal friction angle decreased with the increase of water content. In this paper, based on the analysis of field geolo-gical survey, geophysical prospecting, drilling, and large-scale direct shear tests, the authors consider that the formation mechanism of Chashushan landslide is complicated: rocks affected by the fault structure have the intensive development of rock mass structures and poor mechanical properties of rock and soil masses; the stratum system of landslide has a hydrogeologic structure of groundwater rich in the upper and poor in the lower, which is very vulnerable to landslide disasters. The stability of the landslide body is in critical condition due to heavy rainfall. Canal water infiltration influence of freezing-thawing action induced the occurrence of landslide. FLAC^3D was used to simulate the stability of the landslide body. Results indicate that the landslide body has obvious signs of deformation under heavy rainfall and has formed intact slip surface, and the landslide is likely to occur again. Taking into account the formation mechanism of the landslide, it is effective for controlling the stability of the landslide body to strengthen the drainage and to avoid infiltration of the canal water.

Key words: Chashushan landslide, Batang fault, large-scale direct shear test, numerical simulation, formation mechanism

中图分类号:

P642.2
P694

任三绍, 郭长宝, 张永双, 周能娟, 杜国梁. 川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(05): 978-989.

REN Sanshao, GUO Changbao, ZHANG Yongshuang, ZHOU Nengjuan, DU Guoliang. Development Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Chashushan Landslide in Batang, Western Sichuan[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(05): 978-989.

图/表 14

图1 巴塘茶树山滑坡区域构造位置图(据周荣军等[4]修改) ①金沙江断裂带;②巴塘断裂;③理塘断裂

Fig.1 Regional tectonic setting of Chashushan landslide in Batang area

图2 巴塘多年月平均降雨量分布图(1984—2005)

Fig.2 Distribution map of monthly average rainfall in Batang in the past years

图3 茶树山滑坡遥感影像图

Fig.3 Remote sensing map of Chashushan landslide

图4 茶树山滑坡工程地质平面图

Fig.4 Engineering geological map of Chashushan landslide

图5 茶树山滑坡工程地质剖面图和高密度电法测试解译图

Fig.5 High-density resistivity profile and engineering geological profile of Chashushan landslide

图6 茶树山滑坡典型照片 (a) 茶树山滑坡全貌;(b) 滑坡左侧断裂错动山脊;(c) 滑坡中部碎块石;(d) 滑坡后部堆积碎块石灰岩

Fig.6 Typical photos of Chashushan landslide

图7 不同含水率滑带土剪应力-剪位移曲线

Fig.7 Curves of shear stress and displacement with different water contents

表1 不同含水率滑带土强度参数

Table 1 Strength parameters with different water contents

岩土体类型	密度/ (g/cm³)	含水率/%	内摩擦角/ (°)	粘聚力/ kPa
滑带土	2.09	7.47	36.5	31.28
滑带土	2.15	10.62	35.2	18.83
滑带土	2.27	12.73	27.6	32.27
滑带土	2.31	20.08	12.5	15.52

图8 抗剪强度曲线图

Fig.8 Curves of shear strength

图9 c、φ值与含水率关系曲线

Fig.9 Relationship curves of c and φ with water content

图10 茶树山滑坡卫星影像图(据Google earth)

Fig.10 Satellite image of Chashushan landslide(according to Google earth)

图11 茶树山滑坡模型网格划分

Fig.11 Finite difference model of Chashushan landslide

表2 岩土体物理力学参数取值

Table 2 Values of mechanical parameters of rock and soil

编号	岩性	密度/(g/cm³)	体积模量/MPa	剪切模量/MPa	粘聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)	泊松比
A	基岩	2.65	6.2×10³	3.5×10³	1 120	48	0.20
B	断裂带岩体	2.20	8.7×10²	6.1×10²	55	39	0.25
C₁	滑带土(自然)	2.13	6.5×10²	3.5×10²	31	32	0.28
C₂	滑带土(强降雨)	2.22	4.7×10²	3.1×10²	26	20	0.29
D	碎石土	2.05	7.3×10²	4.3×10²	23	28	0.28

图12 不同工况下茶树山滑坡剪应力增量云图和位移云图

Fig.12 Shear stress increment maps and X-displacement contour maps of Chashushan landslide under different conditions simulated by FLAC3D

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川西巴塘茶树山滑坡发育特征及形成机理

Development Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Chashushan Landslide in Batang, Western Sichuan

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