柴达木盆地英西地区$\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

现代地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (04): 779-790.

柴达木盆地英西地区$\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义

黄成刚¹^,²(), 李智勇², 倪祥龙², 马新民², 张世铭², 高妍芳², 杨森², 崔俊³, 伍坤宇³

1.中国石油天然气集团公司油藏描述重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730020
2.中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州 730020
3.中国石油青海油田勘探开发研究院,甘肃敦煌 736202

收稿日期:2016-12-21 修回日期:2017-02-18 出版日期:2017-08-10 发布日期:2017-09-15
作者简介:黄成刚,男,高级工程师,1979年出生,沉积学专业,主要从事沉积储层和地球化学方面的研究工作。Email:12664018@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“前陆冲断带及复杂构造区油气成藏规律、关键技术及目标评价”(2016ZX05003-006);中国石油重大科技专项“柴达木盆地建设千万吨油气田综合配套技术研究”(2011E-03)

Origin of Salt Minerals and Oil-gas Geological Significance of $\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$ Reservoirs in Saline Lacustrine Basin of the Yingxi Area, Qaidam Basin

HUANG Chenggang¹^,²(), LI Zhiyong², NI Xianglong², MA Xinming², ZHANG Shiming², GAO Yanfang², YANG Sen², CUI Jun³, WU Kunyu³

1. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, CNPC,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China
2. Northwest Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020,China
3. Research Institute of Exploration & Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company,Dunhuang,Gansu 736202,China

Received:2016-12-21 Revised:2017-02-18 Online:2017-08-10 Published:2017-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统$\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用:(1)英西地区渐新统$\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$ 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。

关键词: 柴达木盆地, 英西地区, 咸化湖盆, $\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$, 盐类矿物, 封盖作用

Abstract:

In recent years, an important discovery in exploration has been made in $\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$ of Oligocene in Yingxi area of Western Qaidam Basin. Based on core observation, systemic microscopic characteristics analysis, mineralogy analysis and geochemical analysis, the salt minerals characteristics, origin and role in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in Oligocene in saline lacustrine basin are systematically studied in the Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin。 (1)In this area, there are 4 important salt minerals, halite, gypsum, glauberite and celestite, which are gathered to form saline layers with certain thickness, or developed in matrix carbonate rock in the form of mineral particles. In upper reservoir group in middle of saline layers, the saline layers are thicker, and mainly rock salt, where thin oil layers are developed. In lower reservoir groups, the saline layers are thinner, and mainly gypsum. (2)Salt minerals has geochemical characteristics of ‘low content of Mn’, the matrix carbonate rock associated with salt minerals has ‘low temperature’ C-O isotope geochemical characteristics, petrological characteristics without the hydrothermal minerals and distribution characteristics of a very wide range. All of the above characteristics show the salt minerals in this area are typical deposition type in saline lacustrine basin, not hydrothermal brine precipitation type. (3)‘salt’ plays an important role in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation. Salt minerals play roles of filling crack and roles in sealing of preventing dissipation of oil and gas. Salt layers play a role in sealing and covering due to high capillary breakthrough pressure and plastic characteristics. Salt minerals promote the secondary pore development in dolomite and negative effect is occupying certain reservoir space. So the results of this research can provide an important guidance for oil and gas exploration in subsalt layer of saline lacustrine carbonate rocks.

Key words: Qaidam Basin, Yingxi area, saline lacustrine basin, $\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$, salt mineral, role of sealing andcovering

中图分类号:

P588
TE122.1

黄成刚, 李智勇, 倪祥龙, 马新民, 张世铭, 高妍芳, 杨森, 崔俊, 伍坤宇. 柴达木盆地英西地区$\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2017, 31(04): 779-790.

HUANG Chenggang, LI Zhiyong, NI Xianglong, MA Xinming, ZHANG Shiming, GAO Yanfang, YANG Sen, CUI Jun, WU Kunyu. Origin of Salt Minerals and Oil-gas Geological Significance of $\mathbf{E}_{3}{ }^{2}$ Reservoirs in Saline Lacustrine Basin of the Yingxi Area, Qaidam Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(04): 779-790.

图/表 7

图1 柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统 E 3 2沉积相

Fig.1 Sedimentary facies of E 3 2 reservoir of Oligocene in Yingxi area, Qaidam Basin

图2 英西地区渐新统 E 3 2岩性综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive column of lithology in E 3 2 reservoir of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

图3 英西地区渐新统盐层和盐类矿物的岩心照片、微观特征及其能谱图

Fig.3 Core photographs, microscopic features and EDS spectrum of salt layer&salt minerals of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

表1 英西地区渐新统主要储集岩X射线衍射全岩矿物含量分析统计表(%)

Table 1 Statistics of the whole rock mineral content analysis by XRD of main reservoir of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

井号	样品编号	岩性描述	层位	深度 /m	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	白云石	铁白云石	文石	菱铁矿	菱镁矿	石盐	黄铁矿	赤铁矿	硬石膏	钙芒硝	黏土矿物
S38	S38-1	深灰色含粉砂泥质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 794.62	14.8	0.9	6.5	8.4	16.2	17.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	2.4	0	4.1	2.8	25.8
S38	S38-3	深灰色泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 796.92	10.7	1.1	7.1	12.3	9.8	9.4	0.0	17.2	0.0	0.7	1.6	0	2.8	1.2	26.1
S38	S38-4	深灰色含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 800.72	11.4	1.2	8.4	28.2	0.0	18.8	0.0	6.7	0.0	0.5	2.5	0	3.7	1.1	17.5
S38	S38-5	灰色含泥粉砂质灰岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	3 145.86	11.7	1.1	11.9	35.0	3.3	0.0	0.0	11.5	0.0	0.5	2.8	0	3.5	3.8	14.9
S38	S38-6	灰色含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	3 146.36	13.5	1.3	8.1	7.7	0.0	31.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.9	8.3	0	1.1	6.9	15.7
S37	S37-12	灰色含粉砂泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 692.02	12.6	1.1	8.9	25.0	0.0	17.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	2.7	0	0.9	1.8	28.2
S37	S37-13	灰色含云膏质粉砂岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 697.07	22.9	1.5	11.3	2.7	0.0	14.9	0.0	5.4	0.0	1.3	1.7	0	7.8	19.3	11.4
S37	S37-14	石盐	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 695.25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S1-2	S1-2-1	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 757.70	10.7	1.1	7.6	17.2	0.0	50.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	2.9	0	0.6	0.0	9.6
S1-2	S1-2-2	含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 757.78	13.1	0.4	9.6	21.9	0.0	30.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	4.5	0	0.7	0.0	18.6
S1-2	S1-2-5	灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.10	9.8	0.4	6.2	25.5	0.0	42.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	3.5	0.4	0.0	10.4
S1-2	S1-2-7	灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.10	9.8	0.4	6.2	25.5	0.0	42.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	3.5	0.4	0.0	10.4
S1-2	S1-2-8	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.19	11.3	0.4	5.5	13.3	0.0	52.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	5.7	0.0	0.3	0.0	9.8
S1-2	S1-2-9	粉砂质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.33	16.8	0.8	10.1	13.4	0.0	43.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	3.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	11.7
S1-2	S1-2-10	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.39	11.6	0.4	5.6	13.5	0.0	52.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	3.2	0.0	0.6	0.0	11.8
平均值					12.0	0.8	7.5	16.6	2.0	28.3	0.0	2.7	0.0	7.8	2.8	0.5	1.8	2.5	14.8
S203	S203-3	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 486.40	9.7	1.8	12.5	16.4	28.7	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	5.2	0.0	9.8	0.0	15.7
S203	S203-4	泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 489.30	13.9	2.4	16.5	15.2	0.0	17.4	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	3.5	0.0	4.4	1.1	25.2
S203	S203-8	粉砂质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 500.00	13.5	2.1	10.1	14.7	31.9	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	2.6	0.0	1	6.1	17.9
S23	S23-1	含钙芒硝白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 034.90	13.8	1.9	12.0	3.0	30.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	4.7	0.0	1.2	14.3	18.8
S23	S23-2	含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 036.00	6.6	0.8	6.1	30.7	0.0	25.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	23.0	0.6	5.8
S23	S23-3	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 173.00	7.8	0.6	6.8	21.8	0.0	32.6	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11.5	10.1	8.3
S25	S25-1	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 177.50	2.2	0.3	5.2	11.7	60.2	0.0	0.0	6.4	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.5	6.2	5.3
S25	S25-4	含膏白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 216.80	10.7	0.7	6.6	10.7	0.0	47.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.5	2.8	0.0	14.2	0.0	2.6
S28	S28-1	含泥碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	3 990.00	15.8	1.1	10.1	22.5	0.0	16.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	4.8	0.0	4.4	0.3	24.1
S28	S28-3	泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 013.00	9.0	1.1	8.2	21.3	0.0	15.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.0	3.1	12.6	25.8
S30	S30-1	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 081.00	10.2	1.5	7.0	11.3	0.0	41.7	0.0	0.0	12.9	5.5	3.4	0.0	1.6	0.0	4.9
S32X	S32X-1	含泥灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 132.00	10.6	1.0	5.6	26.4	0.0	32.8	0.0	0.3	0.0	0	4.1	0.0	0.6	0.5	18.1
S32X	S32X-5	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 140.00	7.3	0.4	3.4	16.6	0.0	44.6	1.0	6.8	0.0	0	2.4	1.8	7.9	0.0	7.7
S43	S43-2	含膏碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	3 931.28	7.5	1.0	5.3	16.6	0.0	19.2	2.6	0.0	1.9	0	2.4	0.0	19.8	17.6	6.1
SX28	SX28-1	含灰粉砂质泥岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 165.00	11.2	2.3	13.9	16.5	0.0	10.2	0	0.2	0	0	3	0	3.6	5	34.2
平均值					10.0	1.3	8.6	17.0	10.1	20.2	0.2	1.0	1.0	0.7	2.9	0.1	7.2	5.0	14.7

表1 英西地区渐新统主要储集岩X射线衍射全岩矿物含量分析统计表(%)

Table 1 Statistics of the whole rock mineral content analysis by XRD of main reservoir of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

井号	样品编号	岩性描述	层位	深度 /m	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	白云石	铁白云石	文石	菱铁矿	菱镁矿	石盐	黄铁矿	赤铁矿	硬石膏	钙芒硝	黏土矿物
S38	S38-1	深灰色含粉砂泥质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 794.62	14.8	0.9	6.5	8.4	16.2	17.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	2.4	0	4.1	2.8	25.8
S38	S38-3	深灰色泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 796.92	10.7	1.1	7.1	12.3	9.8	9.4	0.0	17.2	0.0	0.7	1.6	0	2.8	1.2	26.1
S38	S38-4	深灰色含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 800.72	11.4	1.2	8.4	28.2	0.0	18.8	0.0	6.7	0.0	0.5	2.5	0	3.7	1.1	17.5
S38	S38-5	灰色含泥粉砂质灰岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	3 145.86	11.7	1.1	11.9	35.0	3.3	0.0	0.0	11.5	0.0	0.5	2.8	0	3.5	3.8	14.9
S38	S38-6	灰色含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	3 146.36	13.5	1.3	8.1	7.7	0.0	31.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.9	8.3	0	1.1	6.9	15.7
S37	S37-12	灰色含粉砂泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 692.02	12.6	1.1	8.9	25.0	0.0	17.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	2.7	0	0.9	1.8	28.2
S37	S37-13	灰色含云膏质粉砂岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 697.07	22.9	1.5	11.3	2.7	0.0	14.9	0.0	5.4	0.0	1.3	1.7	0	7.8	19.3	11.4
S37	S37-14	石盐	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 695.25	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S1-2	S1-2-1	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 757.70	10.7	1.1	7.6	17.2	0.0	50.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	2.9	0	0.6	0.0	9.6
S1-2	S1-2-2	含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 757.78	13.1	0.4	9.6	21.9	0.0	30.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	4.5	0	0.7	0.0	18.6
S1-2	S1-2-5	灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.10	9.8	0.4	6.2	25.5	0.0	42.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	3.5	0.4	0.0	10.4
S1-2	S1-2-7	灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.10	9.8	0.4	6.2	25.5	0.0	42.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	3.5	0.4	0.0	10.4
S1-2	S1-2-8	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.19	11.3	0.4	5.5	13.3	0.0	52.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	5.7	0.0	0.3	0.0	9.8
S1-2	S1-2-9	粉砂质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.33	16.8	0.8	10.1	13.4	0.0	43.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	3.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	11.7
S1-2	S1-2-10	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐间	2 758.39	11.6	0.4	5.6	13.5	0.0	52.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	3.2	0.0	0.6	0.0	11.8
平均值					12.0	0.8	7.5	16.6	2.0	28.3	0.0	2.7	0.0	7.8	2.8	0.5	1.8	2.5	14.8
S203	S203-3	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 486.40	9.7	1.8	12.5	16.4	28.7	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	5.2	0.0	9.8	0.0	15.7
S203	S203-4	泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 489.30	13.9	2.4	16.5	15.2	0.0	17.4	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	3.5	0.0	4.4	1.1	25.2
S203	S203-8	粉砂质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 500.00	13.5	2.1	10.1	14.7	31.9	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	2.6	0.0	1	6.1	17.9
S23	S23-1	含钙芒硝白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 034.90	13.8	1.9	12.0	3.0	30.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	4.7	0.0	1.2	14.3	18.8
S23	S23-2	含粉砂碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 036.00	6.6	0.8	6.1	30.7	0.0	25.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.0	23.0	0.6	5.8
S23	S23-3	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 173.00	7.8	0.6	6.8	21.8	0.0	32.6	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11.5	10.1	8.3
S25	S25-1	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 177.50	2.2	0.3	5.2	11.7	60.2	0.0	0.0	6.4	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.5	6.2	5.3
S25	S25-4	含膏白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 216.80	10.7	0.7	6.6	10.7	0.0	47.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.5	2.8	0.0	14.2	0.0	2.6
S28	S28-1	含泥碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	3 990.00	15.8	1.1	10.1	22.5	0.0	16.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	4.8	0.0	4.4	0.3	24.1
S28	S28-3	泥质碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 013.00	9.0	1.1	8.2	21.3	0.0	15.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	3.0	0.0	3.1	12.6	25.8
S30	S30-1	含粉砂白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 081.00	10.2	1.5	7.0	11.3	0.0	41.7	0.0	0.0	12.9	5.5	3.4	0.0	1.6	0.0	4.9
S32X	S32X-1	含泥灰质白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 132.00	10.6	1.0	5.6	26.4	0.0	32.8	0.0	0.3	0.0	0	4.1	0.0	0.6	0.5	18.1
S32X	S32X-5	含灰白云岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 140.00	7.3	0.4	3.4	16.6	0.0	44.6	1.0	6.8	0.0	0	2.4	1.8	7.9	0.0	7.7
S43	S43-2	含膏碳酸盐岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	3 931.28	7.5	1.0	5.3	16.6	0.0	19.2	2.6	0.0	1.9	0	2.4	0.0	19.8	17.6	6.1
SX28	SX28-1	含灰粉砂质泥岩	$E 3 2$ 盐下	4 165.00	11.2	2.3	13.9	16.5	0.0	10.2	0	0.2	0	0	3	0	3.6	5	34.2
平均值					10.0	1.3	8.6	17.0	10.1	20.2	0.2	1.0	1.0	0.7	2.9	0.1	7.2	5.0	14.7

表2 英西地区渐新统主要盐类矿物的电子探针微区成分分析统计表(%)

Table 2 Statistics of micro area composition analysis by electron probe of main salt minerals of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

井号	深度 /m	探针点	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	SO₃	K₂O	CaO	MnO	FeO	SrO	BaO	Total	矿物名称
S37	2 696.03	8	52.571	0.091	0.242	0.568	0.134	0.067	0.201	0.008	0.095	0.012	0	53.988	石盐
S37	2 696.03	9	53.967	0	0.122	0.289	0.025	0.036	0.096	0	0.029	0	0.003	54.567	石盐
S37	2 696.03	10	51.714	0.168	0.352	0.743	0.116	0.053	0.337	0.045	0.154	0.009	0.012	53.702	石盐
S37	2 696.03	11	50.833	0.248	0.594	1.233	0.129	0.082	0.391	0.047	0.131	0	0	53.689	石盐
平均值			52.271	0.127	0.328	0.708	0.101	0.060	0.256	0.025	0.102	0.005	0.004	53.987	/
S203	4 496.9	3	0.165	0.007	0.278	0.672	39.015	0.006	34.503	0.02	0.034	0.38	0.005	75.083	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	4	0.02	0.023	0.077	0.419	40.747	0.009	35.829	0	0	0.283	0	77.406	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	5	0.128	0.014	0.068	0.237	39.939	0.029	36.838	0.002	0.029	0.112	0.009	77.406	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	6	0.106	0.024	0.318	0.73	38.956	0.022	35.326	0	0.058	0.265	0	75.805	硬石膏
S23	4 036	6	0.196	0.11	0.518	1.399	46.056	0.107	36.982	0.025	0.137	0.855	0.023	86.408	硬石膏
S23	4 036	7	0.026	0.008	0	0.062	42.157	0	39.132	0	0	0.947	0.039	82.37	硬石膏
S23	4 036	10	0.091	0.041	0.426	1.693	44.264	0.264	35.981	0.04	0.01	0.379	0	83.188	硬石膏
S23	4 036	11	0.044	0.038	0.125	0.718	39.136	0.026	38.152	0	0.077	0.194	0.041	78.548	硬石膏
S23	4 036	13	0.091	0.005	0.014	0.492	43.123	0.048	40.956	0.016	0	0.546	0	85.291	硬石膏
S23	4 173	2	0.041	0.005	0.008	0.099	42.518	0	35.404	0	0.01	0.521	0.001	78.605	硬石膏
S23	4 173	3	0.043	0.011	0.003	0.039	44.484	0	35.61	0.047	0	0.53	0.002	80.769	硬石膏
S23	4 173	7	0.022	0.026	0	0.077	45.182	0	34.282	0.017	0	0.117	0	79.724	硬石膏
S23	4 173	8	0.048	0.053	0.713	1.319	42.112	0.133	32.613	0.015	0	0.465	0	77.471	硬石膏
S23	4 173	9	0.019	1.074	0.022	0.072	32.108	0	34.395	0.018	0.124	0.106	0	67.939	硬石膏
S23	4 173	13	0.259	2.255	0.37	1.434	33.206	0.067	31.282	0.006	0.486	0.087	0.021	69.473	硬石膏
S23	4 173	14	0.058	0.021	0.046	0.115	42.116	0.003	32.223	0	0.014	0.213	0.011	74.819	硬石膏
S23	4 173	15	0.012	0.002	0	0.015	41.118	0	33.873	0	0.073	0	0.002	75.094	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	8	0.057	0.086	0.313	0.309	38.59	0.061	35.285	0	0.01	0.17	0	74.883	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	9	0.043	0.022	0.074	0.456	34.952	0.01	33.698	0	0.046	0.307	0.035	69.643	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	16	0.024	0.048	0.558	1.527	41.22	0.097	34.897	0	0.224	0.276	0	78.87	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	17	0.058	0.156	0.295	1.479	41.446	0.094	35.323	0.008	0.122	0.628	0	79.609	硬石膏
S32X	4 133.48	10	0.022	0.382	0.089	0.306	38.286	0.008	34.202	0.029	0.142	0.079	0	73.545	硬石膏
S32X	4 133.48	11	0.122	0.414	0.262	0.889	41.867	0.024	35.025	0	0.089	0.045	0.034	78.77	硬石膏
平均值			0.074	0.210	0.199	0.633	40.548	0.044	35.296	0.011	0.073	0.326	0.010	77.423	/
S23	4 034.9	2	7.446	0.087	0.08	0.224	41.654	0.004	32.942	0	0	0.367	0.016	82.821	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	3	7.448	0.015	0	0.031	42.185	0.026	33.501	0.009	0	0.129	0.031	83.375	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	4	8.819	0.028	0.025	0.138	45.561	0	33.424	0.081	0	0.283	0	88.359	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	5	8.917	0.084	0.329	0.267	41.828	0.021	31.709	0	0.054	0.085	0.006	83.299	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	2	7.376	0.115	0.138	0.444	43.061	0.062	32.48	0.008	0.096	0.07	0	83.85	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	3	7.245	0.082	0.134	0.353	41.524	0.01	31.825	0.013	0	0.339	0	81.526	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	4	5.576	0.218	0.465	1.39	42.489	0.02	33.464	0.048	0.166	0.166	0	84.002	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	5	7.175	0.029	0	0	39.449	0.007	31.338	0.037	0.033	0.164	0	78.232	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	6	7.151	0.033	0.065	0.732	41.169	0.004	30.263	0	0.027	0.159	0	79.605	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	10	5.718	0.577	0.688	1.292	38.295	0.034	28.501	0.026	0.07	0.185	0	75.386	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	11	8.214	0.049	0.026	0.284	39.593	0	28.978	0.029	0.075	0.077	0.018	77.343	钙芒硝
平均值			7.371	0.120	0.177	0.469	41.528	0.017	31.675	0.023	0.047	0.184	0.006	81.618	/
S32X	4 135	1	0.011	0.158	0	0.289	29.39	0.003	1.346	0.027	0.065	36.297	9.025	76.61	天青石
S32X	4 135	2	0.124	0.442	0.744	3.248	26.135	0.275	1.892	0	0.127	30.592	8.141	71.721	天青石
S32X	4 135	3	0.059	0.132	0	0.391	28.159	0.001	1.288	0	0.03	34.318	10.531	74.908	天青石
S32X	4 135	4	0.027	0.005	0	0.027	23.971	0	0.285	0	0	31.726	8.404	64.445	天青石
S32X	4 135	5	0.104	0.322	0	2.56	28.023	0	3.556	0	0.085	29.887	11.717	76.254	天青石
平均值			0.065	0.212	0.149	1.303	27.136	0.056	1.673	0.005	0.061	32.564	9.564	72.788	/

表2 英西地区渐新统主要盐类矿物的电子探针微区成分分析统计表(%)

Table 2 Statistics of micro area composition analysis by electron probe of main salt minerals of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

井号	深度 /m	探针点	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	SO₃	K₂O	CaO	MnO	FeO	SrO	BaO	Total	矿物名称
S37	2 696.03	8	52.571	0.091	0.242	0.568	0.134	0.067	0.201	0.008	0.095	0.012	0	53.988	石盐
S37	2 696.03	9	53.967	0	0.122	0.289	0.025	0.036	0.096	0	0.029	0	0.003	54.567	石盐
S37	2 696.03	10	51.714	0.168	0.352	0.743	0.116	0.053	0.337	0.045	0.154	0.009	0.012	53.702	石盐
S37	2 696.03	11	50.833	0.248	0.594	1.233	0.129	0.082	0.391	0.047	0.131	0	0	53.689	石盐
平均值			52.271	0.127	0.328	0.708	0.101	0.060	0.256	0.025	0.102	0.005	0.004	53.987	/
S203	4 496.9	3	0.165	0.007	0.278	0.672	39.015	0.006	34.503	0.02	0.034	0.38	0.005	75.083	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	4	0.02	0.023	0.077	0.419	40.747	0.009	35.829	0	0	0.283	0	77.406	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	5	0.128	0.014	0.068	0.237	39.939	0.029	36.838	0.002	0.029	0.112	0.009	77.406	硬石膏
S203	4 496.9	6	0.106	0.024	0.318	0.73	38.956	0.022	35.326	0	0.058	0.265	0	75.805	硬石膏
S23	4 036	6	0.196	0.11	0.518	1.399	46.056	0.107	36.982	0.025	0.137	0.855	0.023	86.408	硬石膏
S23	4 036	7	0.026	0.008	0	0.062	42.157	0	39.132	0	0	0.947	0.039	82.37	硬石膏
S23	4 036	10	0.091	0.041	0.426	1.693	44.264	0.264	35.981	0.04	0.01	0.379	0	83.188	硬石膏
S23	4 036	11	0.044	0.038	0.125	0.718	39.136	0.026	38.152	0	0.077	0.194	0.041	78.548	硬石膏
S23	4 036	13	0.091	0.005	0.014	0.492	43.123	0.048	40.956	0.016	0	0.546	0	85.291	硬石膏
S23	4 173	2	0.041	0.005	0.008	0.099	42.518	0	35.404	0	0.01	0.521	0.001	78.605	硬石膏
S23	4 173	3	0.043	0.011	0.003	0.039	44.484	0	35.61	0.047	0	0.53	0.002	80.769	硬石膏
S23	4 173	7	0.022	0.026	0	0.077	45.182	0	34.282	0.017	0	0.117	0	79.724	硬石膏
S23	4 173	8	0.048	0.053	0.713	1.319	42.112	0.133	32.613	0.015	0	0.465	0	77.471	硬石膏
S23	4 173	9	0.019	1.074	0.022	0.072	32.108	0	34.395	0.018	0.124	0.106	0	67.939	硬石膏
S23	4 173	13	0.259	2.255	0.37	1.434	33.206	0.067	31.282	0.006	0.486	0.087	0.021	69.473	硬石膏
S23	4 173	14	0.058	0.021	0.046	0.115	42.116	0.003	32.223	0	0.014	0.213	0.011	74.819	硬石膏
S23	4 173	15	0.012	0.002	0	0.015	41.118	0	33.873	0	0.073	0	0.002	75.094	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	8	0.057	0.086	0.313	0.309	38.59	0.061	35.285	0	0.01	0.17	0	74.883	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	9	0.043	0.022	0.074	0.456	34.952	0.01	33.698	0	0.046	0.307	0.035	69.643	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	16	0.024	0.048	0.558	1.527	41.22	0.097	34.897	0	0.224	0.276	0	78.87	硬石膏
S32X	4 132	17	0.058	0.156	0.295	1.479	41.446	0.094	35.323	0.008	0.122	0.628	0	79.609	硬石膏
S32X	4 133.48	10	0.022	0.382	0.089	0.306	38.286	0.008	34.202	0.029	0.142	0.079	0	73.545	硬石膏
S32X	4 133.48	11	0.122	0.414	0.262	0.889	41.867	0.024	35.025	0	0.089	0.045	0.034	78.77	硬石膏
平均值			0.074	0.210	0.199	0.633	40.548	0.044	35.296	0.011	0.073	0.326	0.010	77.423	/
S23	4 034.9	2	7.446	0.087	0.08	0.224	41.654	0.004	32.942	0	0	0.367	0.016	82.821	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	3	7.448	0.015	0	0.031	42.185	0.026	33.501	0.009	0	0.129	0.031	83.375	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	4	8.819	0.028	0.025	0.138	45.561	0	33.424	0.081	0	0.283	0	88.359	钙芒硝
S23	4 034.9	5	8.917	0.084	0.329	0.267	41.828	0.021	31.709	0	0.054	0.085	0.006	83.299	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	2	7.376	0.115	0.138	0.444	43.061	0.062	32.48	0.008	0.096	0.07	0	83.85	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	3	7.245	0.082	0.134	0.353	41.524	0.01	31.825	0.013	0	0.339	0	81.526	钙芒硝
S23	4 036	4	5.576	0.218	0.465	1.39	42.489	0.02	33.464	0.048	0.166	0.166	0	84.002	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	5	7.175	0.029	0	0	39.449	0.007	31.338	0.037	0.033	0.164	0	78.232	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	6	7.151	0.033	0.065	0.732	41.169	0.004	30.263	0	0.027	0.159	0	79.605	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	10	5.718	0.577	0.688	1.292	38.295	0.034	28.501	0.026	0.07	0.185	0	75.386	钙芒硝
S23	4 173	11	8.214	0.049	0.026	0.284	39.593	0	28.978	0.029	0.075	0.077	0.018	77.343	钙芒硝
平均值			7.371	0.120	0.177	0.469	41.528	0.017	31.675	0.023	0.047	0.184	0.006	81.618	/
S32X	4 135	1	0.011	0.158	0	0.289	29.39	0.003	1.346	0.027	0.065	36.297	9.025	76.61	天青石
S32X	4 135	2	0.124	0.442	0.744	3.248	26.135	0.275	1.892	0	0.127	30.592	8.141	71.721	天青石
S32X	4 135	3	0.059	0.132	0	0.391	28.159	0.001	1.288	0	0.03	34.318	10.531	74.908	天青石
S32X	4 135	4	0.027	0.005	0	0.027	23.971	0	0.285	0	0	31.726	8.404	64.445	天青石
S32X	4 135	5	0.104	0.322	0	2.56	28.023	0	3.556	0	0.085	29.887	11.717	76.254	天青石
平均值			0.065	0.212	0.149	1.303	27.136	0.056	1.673	0.005	0.061	32.564	9.564	72.788	/

图4 英西地区渐新统盐类矿物充填裂缝的岩心照片及微观特征

Fig.4 Core photographs, microscopic features of salt mineral filled fractures of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

图5 英西地区渐新统 E 3 2盐层分布与成藏剖面图

Fig.5 The distribution characteristics of salt layer and geologic section of hydrocarbon accumulation of E 3 2 reservoir of Oligocene in the Yingxi area

参考文献 31

[1]	黄成刚, 袁剑英, 曹正林, 等. 咸化湖盆储层中咸水流体与岩石矿物相互作用实验模拟研究[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2015, 34(2): 345-350.
[2]	郑绵平, 张雪飞, 侯献华, 等. 青藏高原晚新生代湖泊地质环境与成盐成藏作用[J]. 地球学报, 2013, 34(2): 129-138.
[3]	袁剑英, 黄成刚, 曹正林, 等. 咸化湖盆白云岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义——以柴西地区渐新统下干柴沟组为例[J]. 地球化学, 2015, 44(3): 254-266.
[4]	黄成刚, 袁剑英, 曹正林, 等. 咸化湖盆中酸性流体对碎屑岩储层的改造作用[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2014, 36(3): 52-60.
[5]	金强. 柴达木盆地西部第三系盐湖沉积物微量元素组成及其地球化学特征[J]. 石油大学学报, 2003, 27(2): 1-5.
[6]	张晓宝, 胡勇, 马立元, 等. 柴达木盆地西部第三系盐湖相天然气碳同位素特征、成因与分布[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2002, 32(7): 598-608.
[7]	付锁堂, 张道伟, 薛建勤, 等. 柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析[J]. 沉积学报, 2013, 31(4): 672-682.
[8]	施辉, 刘震, 连良达, 等. 高原咸化湖盆岩性油气藏富集规律——以柴达木盆地西南区为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2013, 24(4): 701-711.
[9]	CAO Z, WEI Z, LIN C, et al. The kinetics of oil generation in a saline basin: a case study of the source rock of tertiary in Zhahaquan depression, Qaidam Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2014, 32: 2648-2657. DOI URL
[10]	吴丽荣, 黄成刚, 袁剑英, 等. 咸化湖盆高效基岩气藏储层中基质孔隙的发现及意义[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2015, 37(4): 54-62.
[11]	陈启林. 大型咸化湖盆地层岩性油气藏有利条件与勘探方向——以柴达木盆地柴西南古近纪为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(1): 46-51.
[12]	袁剑英, 黄成刚, 夏青松, 等. 咸化湖盆碳酸盐岩储层特征及孔隙形成机理——以柴西地区渐新统下干柴沟组为例[J]. 地质论评, 2016, 62(1): 111-126.
[13]	黄思静, 杨俊杰, 张文正, 等. 石膏对白云岩溶解影响的实验模拟研究[J]. 沉积学报, 1996, 14(1): 103-109.
[14]	黄成刚, 袁剑英, 曹正林, 等. 咸化湖盆碎屑岩储层中铁白云石的溶蚀作用模拟实验研究[J]. 石油实验地质, 2014, 36(5): 650-655.
[15]	闫志为, 张志卫. 氯化物对方解石和白云石矿物溶解度的影响[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2009, 36(1): 113-118.
[16]	HUANG C G, ZHAO F, YUAN J Y, et al. The characteristics of dolomite reservoir in saline lacustrine Basin, Qaidam, China[J]. Carbonates and Evaporites, 2016, 31(3): 307-317. DOI URL
[17]	YUAN J Y, HUANG C G, ZHAO F, et al. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition, and Palaeoenvironmental significance of saline lacustrine dolomite from the Qaidam Basin, Western China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2015, 135(11): 596-607. DOI URL
[18]	黄成刚, 袁剑英, 田光荣, 等. 柴西地区渐新统湖相白云岩储层地球化学特征及形成机理[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(3): 230-242. DOI
[19]	黄成刚, 袁剑英, 吴梁宇, 等. 湖相白云岩成因模式及研究方法探讨[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2016, 28(2): 7-15.
[20]	吴丽荣, 黄成刚, 袁剑英, 等. 咸化湖盆混积岩中双重孔隙介质及其油气储集意义[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2015, 37(2): 59-67.
[21]	朱东亚, 金之钧, 胡文瑄. 塔北地区下奥陶统白云岩热液重结晶作用及其油气储集意义[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2010, 40(2): 156-170.
[22]	文华国, 郑荣才, QING H R, 等. 青藏高原北缘酒泉盆地青西凹陷白垩系湖相热水沉积原生白云岩[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2014, 44(4): 591-604.
[23]	KEITH M L, WEBER J N. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of selected limestones and fossils[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1964, 28(10): 1787-1816. DOI URL
[24]	艾伦 I R, 威金斯 W D. 白云岩储层: 白云岩成因与分布地球化学分析技术[M]. 马锋, 张光亚, 李小地, 等,译. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2013: 128.
[25]	张浩, 陈刚, 朱玉双, 等. 柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统热液改造型白云岩的发现意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2017, 36(1): 42-52.
[26]	SCHUBEL K A, LOWENSTEIN T K. Criteria for the recognition of shallow-perennial-saline-lake halites based on recent sediments from the Qaidam Basin, Western China[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 1997, 44(2): 431-442. DOI URL
[27]	MENG F W, NI P, YUAN X L, et al. Choosing the best ancient analogue for projected future temperatures: A case using data from fluid inclusions of middle-late Eocene halites[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 67/68(1): 46-50. DOI URL
[28]	MENG F W, GALAMAY A, YANG C H, et al. The major composition of a middle-late Eocene salt lake in the Yunying depression of Jianghan Basin of Middle China based on analyses of fluid inclusions in halite[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014, 85(2): 97-105. DOI URL
[29]	邱楠生, 顾先觉, 丁丽华, 等. 柴达木盆地西部新生代的构造-热演化研究[J]. 地质科学, 2000, 35(4): 456-464.
[30]	袁剑英, 付锁堂, 曹正林, 等. 柴达木盆地高原复合油气系统多源生烃和复式成藏[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2011, 23(3): 7-14.
[31]	卓勤功, 赵孟军, 李勇, 等. 膏盐岩盖层封闭性动态演化特征与油气成藏——以库车前陆盆地冲断带为例[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(5): 847-856. DOI