2000—2020年岷江上游干旱河谷区植被时空变化及其地形效应

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对岷江上游干旱河谷区生态极其脆弱的特点,利用NDVI数据通过像元二分法反演了岷江上游干旱河谷区2000—2020年的植被覆盖度(FVC),运用线性趋势分析和F显著性检验法,定量分析了FVC的时空变化规律,结合地形数据剖析岷江上游干旱河谷区FVC趋势变化与海拔、坡度、坡向之间的关系。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,研究区植被覆盖度呈波动增加趋势,年均FVC由2000年0.62增加至2020年的0.67。(2)在空间上,植被覆盖度由低海拔至高海拔呈现增高趋势,低等级和中低等级植被覆盖度主要分布在岷江干流及岷江支流杂谷脑河两岸,中等级和中高等级植被覆盖度集中分布在河谷两岸低中山和中山区,高等级植被覆盖度则主要分布在远离河谷的高中山和中高山区。(3)高等级植被覆盖面积随海拔增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,在1100~1400 m和3200~3500 m区域达到峰值;高等级植被覆盖度面积随坡度增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,10°~20°和30°~40°是植被覆盖度高等级和中高-高等级的峰值区;总体上阳坡植被覆盖度高于阴坡。植被覆盖状况受海拔、坡度以及坡向影响较大,对岷江上游干旱河谷区生态保护应考虑地形影响,因地制宜采取措施。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 时空变化, 地形效应, 岷江上游, 干旱河谷

Abstract:

Considering the extremely fragile ecological characteristics in the arid valley area of Upper Reaches of Minjiang River (URMR), we inverted the Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) of the arid valley area of URMR from 2000 to 2020, using the NDVI data and the approach of image element dichotomy. We further qua.pngied the spatial and temporal variations of the FVC index using the linear analysis and F significance test. The relationship between FVC and altitude, slope, and aspect were analyzed in the arid valley area of URMR. The results showed that (1) the FVC index showed a fluctuating increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, and the annual average FVC increased from 0.62 in 2000 to 0.67 in 2020. (2) Spatially, FVC showed an increasing trend from the low altitude area to the high altitude one. FVC in the low and medium-low-grade was mainly distributed on the banks of the main stream and tributaries of the Minjiang River, while FVC in the medium and medium-high grade was distributed on both banks of Minjiang River, and FVC in the medium and medium-high grade was distributed in the URMR valley. FVC in the medium and high grade was distributed in the low and medium altitude mountains on both sides of the river valley, and FVC in the high grade was mainly distributed in the high and medium altitude mountains away from the river valley. (3) The area with a high vegetation coverage decreases and then increases with the increasing altitude, and the high vegetation coverage reaches to its peak in the altitude of 1,100-1,400 m and 3,200-3,500 m. The area with a high vegetation coverage increases with the slope, while the area with a high vegetation coverage shows an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increasing slope gradients. The areas with slopes of 10°-20° and 30°-40° were the peak of high and medium-high to high vegetation coverage. Overall, the vegetation coverage on the sunny slope was higher than that on shady side, and FVC index is greatly affected by the factors of altitude, slope, and aspect. Therefore, the effects of topography and local conditions should be considered in the ecological protection in the arid valley area of URMR.

Key words: vegetation coverage, spatial and temporal variability, topographic effect, Upper Minjiang River, arid river valley

中图分类号:

P931
Q948

周雪妮, 肖成志, 刘磊, 计扬, 曹亚廷, 李小红, 巴仁基. 2000—2020年岷江上游干旱河谷区植被时空变化及其地形效应[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(03): 589-598.

ZHOU Xueni, XIAO Chengzhi, LIU Lei, JI Yang, CAO Yating, LI Xiaohong, BA Renji. Spatial and Temporal Changes of Vegetations and Its Topographic Effects on the Arid Valley Area of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River from 2000 to 2020[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(03): 589-598.

图/表 8

图1 研究区位置及水系分布

Fig.1 Location of the study area and distribution of the water systems

图2 岷江上游干旱河谷区海拔、坡向与坡度分布

Fig.2 Distribution of altitude, aspect, and slope in the arid valley area of URMR

表1 数据信息及来源

Table 1 Data information and sources

数据	数据源	数据集
干旱河谷区范围	山地科学数据中心	西南地区干旱河谷区范围^[8]
NDVI	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所土地利用与全球变化遥感团队	2000—2020年中国30 m年最大NDVI数据集^[9]
DEM	地理空间数据云(http://www.gscloud.cn/)	ASTER (30 m)
降雨数据	阿坝藏区羌族自治州公共气象服务中心	5个气象站点(黑水、理县、茂县、松潘、汶川)2000—2020年降雨数据

图3 研究区FVC空间分布(a)、FVC年际变化速率(b)和平均FVC变化趋势空间分布(c)

Fig.3 Spatial distribution of FVC (a), FVC interannual rates of change (b), and spatial distribution of average FVC trend (c) in the study area

图4 2000—2020年岷江上游干旱河谷区FVC年际变化

Fig.4 Inter-annual variations of FVC in the arid valley area of URMR from 2000 to 2020

图5 研究区各级海拔范围内植被覆盖变化(a)、FVC变化速率的海拔分异(b)和不同海拔的植被覆盖变化统计图(c)

Fig.5 Changes in vegetation coverage at various levels of elevation (a), altitude differences in the change rates of FVC (b), and statistical map of vegetation coverage changes in different altitude (c) in the study area

图6 研究区各级坡度范围内植被覆盖度变化(a)(d)、FVC变化速率的坡度、坡向分异(b)(e)以及不同坡度、坡向的植被覆盖变化统计(c)(f)

Fig.6 Changes in vegetation coverage at various levels of aspect (a)(d), slope and aspect differences in FVC rates of change (b)(e), and statistical map of vegetation coverage changes in different slopes and aspect (c)(f)

图7 研究区FVC各等级空间分布变化

Fig.7 Changes in the spatial distribution of various FVC grades in the study area

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