安徽南淝河下游浅层地下水水化学特征及成因分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究安徽南淝河下游浅层地下水水化学特征及其成因,收集了87组浅层地下水水样,采用Piper三线图、舒卡列夫分类、Gibbs模型、离子比例系数、数理统计等方法,对南淝河下游浅层地下水进行了水化学特征分析,进一步揭示了其成因规律。结果表明,南淝河下游浅层地下水pH均值为7.61,呈弱碱性,阳离子含量平均值从高到低排序为Na⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺,阴离子含量平均值从高到低排序为$\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}>\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}>\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$Na⁺和HCO₃_-分别为阳离子与阴离子中的优势离子。此外,南淝河下游浅层地下水水化学类型分布较为丰富,共有15种水化学类型,主要的水化学类型可分为:HCO₃-Na·Ca型,HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na型,HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型,HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na型,HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca型。通过考虑水岩交互作用的影响,我们发现南淝河下游浅层地下水水化学组分主要受岩石风化溶解作用控制和碳酸盐矿物溶解的影响,阳离子交换作用在浅层地下水水化学成因规律中的作用不可忽略。

关键词: 南淝河下游, 浅层地下水, 水化学特征, 成因分析

Abstract:

In order to explore the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of shallow groundwater in the lower reaches of Nanfei River, Anhui Province, 87 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected. By using Piper trigram, Shukalev classification, Gibbs model, ion ratio method and mathematical statistics, the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of shallow groundwater in the lower reaches of Nanfei River were analyzed, and their genesis were further revealed. The results show that the average pH value of the shallow groundwater in the lower reaches of Nanfei River is 7.61, showing weak alkalinity. The average value of cation content is in the order of Na⁺ >Ca²⁺ >Mg²⁺ from high to low, and the average value of anion content is in the order of $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}>\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}>\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$ from high to low. Na⁺ and $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ are the dominant ions in cations and anions respectively. In addition, the distribution of shallow groundwater chemical types in the lower reaches of Nanfei River is relatively rich, with a total of 15 hydrochemistry types, and the main hydrochemistry types can be divided into HCO₃-Na·Ca, HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na, HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na, HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca. By considering the influence of water-rock interaction, we find that the hydrochemical composition of the shallow groundwater in the lower reaches of Nanfei River is mainly controlled by rock weathering and dissolution and affected by dissolution of carbonate mineral. Meanwhile, cation exchange plays an important role in the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater.

Key words: lower reaches of Nanfei river, shallow groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, genesis analysis

中图分类号:

P641.1

王润涛, 钱家忠, 王宿轩, 马海春, 王小勇. 安徽南淝河下游浅层地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(02): 440-446.

WANG Runtao, QIAN Jiazhong, WANG Xiuxuan, MA Haichun, WANG Xiaoyong. Hydrochemical Characteristics and Genesis analysis of Shallow Groundwater in the Lower reaches of Nanfei River, Anhui Province[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(02): 440-446.

图/表 6

图1 南淝河流域位置及采样点分布图

Fig.1 Location of the Nanfei river basin and distribution of sample points

表1 地下水中主要离子的描述性统计结果

Table 1 Descriptive statistical results of major ions in groundwater

统计指标	检测项目(mg/L, pH除外)
统计指标	pH	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	TDS
最大值	8.47	536.50	235.70	80.53	356.44	788.60	758.87	1755.45
最小值	6.69	31.86	17.81	7.44	6.88	0.18	119.64	282.76
平均值	7.61	111.90	92.43	31.59	83.33	121.10	373.00	626.85
标准差	0.32	82.45	43.49	14.20	65.65	127.43	118.13	274.47

表1 地下水中主要离子的描述性统计结果

Table 1 Descriptive statistical results of major ions in groundwater

统计指标	检测项目(mg/L, pH除外)
统计指标	pH	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	TDS
最大值	8.47	536.50	235.70	80.53	356.44	788.60	758.87	1755.45
最小值	6.69	31.86	17.81	7.44	6.88	0.18	119.64	282.76
平均值	7.61	111.90	92.43	31.59	83.33	121.10	373.00	626.85
标准差	0.32	82.45	43.49	14.20	65.65	127.43	118.13	274.47

图2 南淝河流域水化学piper三线图

Fig.2 Piper diagram of hydrochemistry in the Nanfei river basin

表2 舒卡列夫分类结果

Table 2 Results for Shukalev classification

水化学类型	水样点个数	水化学类型	水样点个数
HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺·Ca²⁺	18	HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	3
HC $O 3 -$ ·Cl^--Ca²⁺·Na⁺	14	HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	2
HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	14	HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺	2
HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺	10	Cl^-·HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	1
HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ ·Cl^--Na⁺·Ca²⁺	9	S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	1
HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺	4	HC $O 3 -$ -Mg²⁺·Ca²⁺	1
Cl^-·HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	4	HC $O 3 -$ ·Cl^-·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	1
S $O 4 2 -$ ·HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺	3

表2 舒卡列夫分类结果

Table 2 Results for Shukalev classification

水化学类型	水样点个数	水化学类型	水样点个数
HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺·Ca²⁺	18	HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	3
HC $O 3 -$ ·Cl^--Ca²⁺·Na⁺	14	HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	2
HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	14	HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺	2
HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺	10	Cl^-·HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	1
HC $O 3 -$ ·S $O 4 2 -$ ·Cl^--Na⁺·Ca²⁺	9	S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺	1
HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺	4	HC $O 3 -$ -Mg²⁺·Ca²⁺	1
Cl^-·HC $O 3 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	4	HC $O 3 -$ ·Cl^-·S $O 4 2 -$ -Ca²⁺·Na⁺·Mg²⁺	1
S $O 4 2 -$ ·HC $O 3 -$ -Na⁺	3

图3 南淝河流域地下水Gibbs图

Fig.3 Gibbs diagram of groundwater in the Nanfei river basin

图4 南淝河流域地下水中主要离子比值

Fig.4 Ratios of main ions in groundwater in the Nanfei river basin

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