再生铅工业园周边土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对安徽再生铅工业园周边0~20 cm深度的表层土壤及0~300 cm深度的剖面土壤中重金属含量、分布特征、赋存形态的研究及来源解析,发现土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni及Zn含量平均值分别为300.4 ng/g、39.45 ng/g、12.22 mg/kg、42.5 mg/kg、75.4 mg/kg、28.5 mg/kg、33.5 mg/kg、74.1 mg/kg,富集元素主要有Cd、Pb及Hg,其中土壤Cd、Pb富集明显受工业活动影响,Hg富集与工业活动无关。土壤Cd明显富集面积为21 km²,影响深度为65 cm。土壤Pb明显富集面积为12 km²,影响深度为20 cm。土壤Hg普遍为中度富集,富集深度为0~65 cm。土壤中Cd以碳酸盐结合态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物结合态,Pb以残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态为主。Cd的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态、Pb的残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态均与其全量呈显著正相关。研究区土壤环境质量较好,仅有9.5%样点Cd含量与5.4%样点Pb含量超过了《GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》规定的污染风险筛选值。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 富集因子, 赋存形态, 再生铅工业园, 来源解析

Abstract:

In this study, the concentration, spatial distribution, occurrence and sources were analyzed in the top 20 cm soil and two 300 cm soil profiles in and around recycled lead industrial park in Anhui. The results suggest that the average content of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were 300.4 ng/g, 39.45 ng/g, 12.22 mg/kg, 42.5 mg/kg, 75.4 mg/kg, 28.5 mg/kg, 33.5 mg/kg and 74.1 mg/kg respectively. The most polluted heavy metals were Cd, Pb and Hg. Apart from Hg, Cd and Pb in the top soil mainly came from industrial activity. The Cd polluted soil covered an area of 21 km² with 65 cm depth. Pb polluted soil covered an area of 12 km² with 20 cm depth. Mercury in soil was moderately enriched in the top section of 65 cm. As to the occurrence, Cd were mainly bounded to carbonate, and secondly with iron-manganese oxides. Pb was mainly bound to residual and iron-manganese oxides. The content of Cd in carbonate and iron-manganese oxides and Pb in residual and iron-manganese oxides are positively correlated to their total concentration respectively. The soil quality of the study area is relatively good, as only a few samples (Cd: 9.5%; Pb: 5.4%) with the metal concentration are beyond the GB 15618—2018 standards of soil environmental quality and soil pollution risk control standard for agricultural land.

Key words: soil heavy metal, enrichment factor, speciation, recycled lead industrial park, source analysis

中图分类号:

P595
X142

李朋飞, 刘超, 陶春军, 汪晶, 吴正. 再生铅工业园周边土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(04): 663-671.

LI Pengfei, LIU Chao, TAO Chunjun, WANG Jing, WU Zheng. Spatial Distribution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils Around Recycled Lead Industrial Park[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(04): 663-671.

图/表 13

参考文献 34

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形态	提取剂	操作条件
水溶态	蒸馏水(pH=7.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡30 min,离心20 min
离子交换态	25 mL 1.0 mol/L MgCl₂溶液(pH=7.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡30 min,离心20 min
碳酸盐结合态	25 mL 1.0 mol/L CH₃COONa溶液(pH=5.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡1 h,离心20 min
腐殖酸结合态	50 mL 0.1 mol/L Na₄P₂O₇溶液(pH=10.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡40 min,离心20 min
铁锰氧化物结合态	50 mL 0.25 mol/L HONH₃Cl-HCl混合溶液	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡1 h,离心20 min
强有机结合态	3 mL 0.02 mol/L HNO₃和5 mL 30%的H₂O₂(pH=2.0)	83 ℃±3 ℃水浴1.5 h,离心20 min
残渣态	盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸混合酸(1+1+1) 5 mL,氢氟酸 5 mL	先120 ℃电热板加热1.0 h,再350 ℃电热板加热3.0 h,3 mL(1+1)盐酸溶解

形态	提取剂	操作条件
水溶态	蒸馏水(pH=7.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡30 min,离心20 min
离子交换态	25 mL 1.0 mol/L MgCl₂溶液(pH=7.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡30 min,离心20 min
碳酸盐结合态	25 mL 1.0 mol/L CH₃COONa溶液(pH=5.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡1 h,离心20 min
腐殖酸结合态	50 mL 0.1 mol/L Na₄P₂O₇溶液(pH=10.0)	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡40 min,离心20 min
铁锰氧化物结合态	50 mL 0.25 mol/L HONH₃Cl-HCl混合溶液	25 ℃±5 ℃振荡1 h,离心20 min
强有机结合态	3 mL 0.02 mol/L HNO₃和5 mL 30%的H₂O₂(pH=2.0)	83 ℃±3 ℃水浴1.5 h,离心20 min
残渣态	盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸混合酸(1+1+1) 5 mL,氢氟酸 5 mL	先120 ℃电热板加热1.0 h,再350 ℃电热板加热3.0 h,3 mL(1+1)盐酸溶解

	项目	Cd	Hg	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Ni	Zn	pH
研究区表层土壤 (N=147)	最小值	74.5	16.15	7.99	23.2	62.7	20.1	24.9	56.4	5.60
	最大值	2 257.7	141.68	20.14	345.6	98.6	39.3	48.5	105.2	8.60
	中位数	284.1	36.63	11.76	38.3	73.9	27.7	32.7	72.4	8.36
	算术平均值	300.4	39.45	12.22	42.5	75.4	28.5	33.5	74.1
	标准离差	298.6	16.23	2.45	53.5	7.7	4.1	4.7	10.7	0.44
	变异系数	0.81	0.40	0.20	0.95	0.10	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.05
研究区深层土壤算术平均值		108.6	18.38	12.70	22.3	73.3	23.5	33.0	64.4
中国A层土壤算术平均值		97	65	11	26	61	23	27	74
表层土壤/深层土壤		2.77	2.15	0.96	1.91	1.03	1.21	1.02	1.15
表层土壤/全国土壤		3.10	0.61	1.11	1.63	1.24	1.24	1.24	1.00

	项目	Cd	Hg	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Ni	Zn	pH
研究区表层土壤 (N=147)	最小值	74.5	16.15	7.99	23.2	62.7	20.1	24.9	56.4	5.60
	最大值	2 257.7	141.68	20.14	345.6	98.6	39.3	48.5	105.2	8.60
	中位数	284.1	36.63	11.76	38.3	73.9	27.7	32.7	72.4	8.36
	算术平均值	300.4	39.45	12.22	42.5	75.4	28.5	33.5	74.1
	标准离差	298.6	16.23	2.45	53.5	7.7	4.1	4.7	10.7	0.44
	变异系数	0.81	0.40	0.20	0.95	0.10	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.05
研究区深层土壤算术平均值		108.6	18.38	12.70	22.3	73.3	23.5	33.0	64.4
中国A层土壤算术平均值		97	65	11	26	61	23	27	74
表层土壤/深层土壤		2.77	2.15	0.96	1.91	1.03	1.21	1.02	1.15
表层土壤/全国土壤		3.10	0.61	1.11	1.63	1.24	1.24	1.24	1.00

采样深度/cm	Cd(02)	Cd(01)	Pb(02)	Pb(01)	Corg(02)	Corg(01)	Hg(02)	Hg(01)
0~20	25.3	11.8	9.9	8.9	4.2	17.0	1.4	4.1
20~65	9.0	5.5	4.3	3.5	3.3	8.3	1.1	2.2
65~110	2.0	1.0	1.4	1.1	2.1	3.7	1.1	1.3
110~155	2.1	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.6	4.3	1.0	1.2
155~200	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.4	2.3	1.1	1.0
200~250	1.3	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.3	2.3	1.3	1.0
250~300	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0