煤岩孔隙度主控地质因素及其对煤层气开发的影响

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统分析煤岩孔隙度主控地质因素及对其煤层气开发的影响,统计分析了全国37个主要煤层气区块/矿区的压汞孔隙度等数据。利用相关趋势分析方法分煤级着重探讨煤级、煤体结构、镜质组、灰分等因素对煤岩孔隙度以及煤层气开发的影响。结果表明:R_o,max是储层物性评价的重要参数,低煤级区煤岩孔隙度对R_o,max的变化最为敏感,且孔隙度平均值随成熟度升高呈现出高-低-高-低的变化。低煤级区同一煤层气区块/矿区内部,孔隙度变化区间大于高煤级区同一煤层气区块/矿区内部孔隙度的变化区间。中低煤级区,复杂的煤体结构对煤储层物性具有破坏作用;高煤级区,复杂的煤体结构对物性有一定的改善作用。镜质组含量与孔隙度呈负相关关系,灰分产率与孔隙度无明显相关性,且在低煤级区镜质组含量和灰分产率与孔隙度均具有明显的负相关性,是孔隙度评价的重要参数;而在中高煤级区,二者对孔隙度的影响可以忽略。煤岩大中孔比例和储层平均渗透率随平均孔隙度的增高而增高,孔隙度大小尤其是孔隙度随煤级的变化规律对不同煤级区煤层气开发潜力评价具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 孔隙度, 煤级, 煤体结构, 镜质组含量, 灰分产率, 大中孔比例, 渗透率

Abstract:

To systematically analyze the key geological controlling factors of coal pore system and the significance for coalbed methane development, we present new statistical data for the mining area of 37 major CBM blocks/mercury, and use the trend analysis method to clarify the coal rank, coal body structure vitrinite and ash effect coal porosity, and the significance of porosity research for coalbed methane development. Our results suggest that R_o,max is an important parameter for reservoir property evaluation, and that coal porosity in low rank area is most sensitive to R_o,max. Besides, the average porosity shows successive peaks and troughs with increasing coal maturity. The range of porosity in the same coalbed methane block/mining area of low rank is wider than that of high rank. Complex coal body structure has a destructive effect on the coal reservoir properties, whereas the high coal rank region and complex coal structures are beneficial to the properties; Vitrinite content is negatively correlated with porosity, and no obvious correlation is found between ash content and porosity. In the low coal rank region, vitrinite and ash content have obvious negative correlation with porosity, whereas the effect on the porosity is negligible in the high coal rank region. The proportion of meso/macro-pores and average permeability increase with increasing average porosity and porosity size. In particular, the changes of porosity with the coal rank in different areas have important guiding significance for the coalbed methane development.

Key words: porosity, coal rank, coal body structure, vitrinite content, ash content, proportion of meso-and macropore, permeability

中图分类号:

P618.11

刘娜, 康永尚, 李喆, 王金, 孙良忠, 姜杉钰. 煤岩孔隙度主控地质因素及其对煤层气开发的影响[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(05): 963-974.

LIU Na, KANG Yongshang, LI Zhe, WANG Jin, SUN Liangzhong, JIANG Shanyu. Geological Controlling Factors of Coal Pore System and Its Significance in CBM Development[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(05): 963-974.

图/表 10

参考文献 31

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序号	区块	煤层	埋深/m	压汞孔隙度/%	R_o,max/%	煤体结构	镜质组含量/%	灰分产率/%	平均大中孔比例/%	平均渗透率/ 10^-3μm²
1	鄂尔多斯盆地南部矿区	J_1-2	300~1 500	2.70~20.10 (8.46)	0.39~0.63 (0.42^*)	Ⅰ型	30.00~80.00 (47.98)	2.30~33.97 (13.49)	18.02	/
2	准东地区	J₁b、J₂x	<1 000	4.80~27.40 (16.65)	0.41~0.67 (0.49)	Ⅰ型	15.40~75.80 (42.60)	1.82~10.41 (3.85)	54.50	/
3	彬长	J₂y	400~800	7.00~11.00 (10.96)	0.50~0.75 (0.52^*)	Ⅱ型	13.90~28.20 (19.40)	9.98~35.94 (15.78)	/	/
4	依兰矿区	E₂d	200~800	1.38~12.82 (4.79)	0.55~0.75 (0.55^*)	Ⅰ型	57.00~93.40 (71.80)	1.80~39.16 (14.00)	43.03	/
5	白杨河矿区	J₁b¹	500~1 200	2.50~14.50 (7.60)	0.32~1.05 (0.54^*)	Ⅱ型	62.40~99.60 (84.83)	1.43~76.09 (8.30)	/	/
6	准南吉木萨尔	J₁b、J₂x	400~1 200	1.70~18.89 (7.76)	0.42~0.85 (0.58)	Ⅰ型	40.90~98.40 (71.14)	1.32~17.86 (7.07)	43.04	/
7	吐哈盆地	J₁b-J₂x	平均368	3.72~22.58 (11.36)	0.40~0.65 (0.61)	Ⅰ型	69.78~85.68 (70.91)	3.13~22.00 (9.38)	52.30	/
8	准南阜康	J₁b、J₂x	<1 500	5.04~7.78 (5.68)	0.42~0.65 (0.65)	Ⅲ型	63.50~80.30 (69.99)	13.08~22.49 (17.92)	45.35	1.30
9₁₀	淮北煤田祁南矿区	P₁x	/	2.45~6.44 (3.94)	0.81~0.98 (0.85)	Ⅲ型	45.90~88.60 (68.90)	6.63~38.55 (11.97)	/	/
10	淮南煤田	P₁s-P₂x- P₂s	200~1 100	2.09~10.20 (4.61)	0.70~1.00 (0.87)	Ⅱ型	32.00~78.00 (55.00)	5.25~37.78 (21.57)	25.30	0.10
11₈	淮北芦岭矿区	P₁x	<1 000	3.80~9.40 (3.94)	0.80~1.00 (0.93)	Ⅲ型	76.20~85.50 (82.15)	11.72~16.78 (16.01)	34.40	0.15
12	平顶山区块	P₁s	400~1 400	4.30~12.00 (4.74)	0.80~1.20 (0.96)	Ⅱ型	62.20~92.50 (77.35)	6.80~37.16 (16.46)	19.40	0.15
13	黔西月亮田矿	P₃l	675~819	2.66~4.22 (3.47)	1.00~1.08 (1.04)	Ⅲ型	/	20.41~36.54 (33.47)	35.00	/
14	临兴区块4+5 号	P₁s	1 833.00	3.38~17.37 (4.53)	1.01~1.19 (1.12)	Ⅰ型	57.20~82.10 (60.95)	7.50~32.76 (19.57)	24.00	/
15	恩洪区块	P₃x	500~1 500	3.10~10.10 (6.33)	0.88~1.39 (1.25)	Ⅰ型	64.40~90.20 (80.83)	7.03~18.37 (12.29)	24.89	0.60
16	临兴区块8+9 号	C₂t	1 902.00	1.20~5.90 (4.45)	1.16~1.36 (1.29)	Ⅰ型	72.10~89.20 (75.05)	15.77~17.76 (16.70)	23.40	/
17	河东煤田乡宁地区	P₁s-C₂t	max>1 500	1.60~11.10 (4.90)	1.41~1.49 (1.44)	Ⅱ型	60.00~80.00 (79.00)	6.65~23.47 (11.12)	/	/
18	黔西松河井田	P₃l	620~956	3.35~5.16 (3.98)	1.36~1.69 (1.47)	Ⅲ型	/	18.47~36.83 (27.90)	33.97	0.81
19	织纳煤田	P₃l	517	4.30	1.52~2.15 (1.75)	Ⅲ型	45.10~98.10 (68.92)	25.57	9.00	0.28
20	云南老厂区块	/	/	5.50~11.20 (7.74)	1.48~2.32 (1.85)	Ⅲ型	54.40~92.40 (71.02)	6.44~33.90 (16.57)	29.28	/
21	黔西发耳煤矿	P₃l	80~720	3.81~8.19 (5.85)	1.70~1.96 (1.87)	Ⅲ型	81.30~98.00 (89.20)	7.06~9.26 (8.14)	37.72	/
22	安鹤煤田	P₁s-P₁t	665~1 760	6.48~9.78 (8.38)	1.70~2.90 (1.95)	Ⅲ型	45.60~88.30 (72.94)	4.65~14.84 (6.90)	23.60	0.65
23	渭北地区韩城区块	P₁s-C₂t	400~1 400	3.80~90.00 (7.12)	1.65~2.18 (1.98)	Ⅱ型	66.20~75.60 (73.40)	11.72~16.79 (15.20)	39.76	/
24₈	韩城马沟渠	P₁s	/	2.30~8.40 (5.33)	1.65~2.18 (2.00)	Ⅱ型	63.07~91.04 (65.00)	6.01~39.79 (17.91)	/	/
25	比德—三塘盆地	P₃l	/	4.06~10.12 (5.49)	1.05~3.52 (2.06)	Ⅲ型	52.70~82.40 (76.89)	/	14.42	/
26	长治区块	P₁s	634~1 246	3.26~5.44 (4.45)	1.96~2.62 (2.30)	Ⅱ型	70.00~80.00 (75.00)	10.90~35.00 (17.90)	/	0.07
27	延川南地区		300~1 500	2.00~2.80 (2.40)	1.89~2.44 (2.40)	Ⅱ型	39.70~81.60 (73.85)	4.36~27.62 (16.47)	14.85	/
28	寿阳区块	P₁s-C₂t	294~1 112	4.50~17.50 (7.50)	1.77~2.67 (2.44)	Ⅱ型	53.30~87.00 (71.62)	4.99~81.61 (22.72)	/	2.57
29₁₅	沁水盆地东北缘和顺区块	C₂t	142~1 381	1.15~7.69 (4.60)	2.17~2.97 (2.44)	Ⅰ型	69.60~80.80 (77.30)	4.03~26.47 (10.07)	/	/
30	渭北地区合阳矿区王村矿	P₁s-C₂t	<1 000	2.30~8.40 (4.68)	2.69	Ⅰ型	11.95~36.17 (23.00)	11.95~36.17 (9.03)	/	/
31	渭北地区澄城矿区尧头斜井	P₁s-C₂t	600~800	2.30~8.40 (3.68)	1.72~2.28 (2.70)	Ⅰ型	13.80~77.50 (67.20)	14.04~38.20 (20.13)	8.67	/
32	柿庄区块	P₁s-C₂t	450~1 463	3.38~11.84 (5.74)	1.81~5.06 (2.84)	Ⅱ型	19.30~84.40 (66.86)	5.02~51.33 (20.19)	/	0.02
33	沁水盆地南部郑庄—樊庄区块	P₁s	500~600	2.92~6.01 (5.14)	3.55~3.98 (3.60)	Ⅰ型	70.30~88.10 (81.80)	6.47~38.25 (6.63)	15.90	0.09
34	沁水盆地南部	C₂t-P₁s	<1 200	1.30~9.91 (4.76)	3.37~4.08 (3.73)	Ⅰ型	57.50~89.50 (75.79)	5.29~14.80 (9.13)	/	/
35	焦作煤田	P₁s	500~1 500	7.00~12.00 (9.80)	3.16~4.38 (3.77)	Ⅱ型	32.00~72.10 (52.05)	12.63~23.50 (17.30)	31.70	/
36	寺河煤矿	P₁s	270~690	/	3.69~4.25 (3.89)	Ⅰ型	/	/	21.27	0.50
37	潘庄区块	P₁s	327~429	4.97~6.67 (5.77)	3.68~4.36 (4.02)	Ⅰ型	45.90~93.80 (80.13)	7.77~16.15 (11.96)	/	/

序号	区块	煤层	埋深/m	压汞孔隙度/%	R_o,max/%	煤体结构	镜质组含量/%	灰分产率/%	平均大中孔比例/%	平均渗透率/ 10^-3μm²
1	鄂尔多斯盆地南部矿区	J_1-2	300~1 500	2.70~20.10 (8.46)	0.39~0.63 (0.42^*)	Ⅰ型	30.00~80.00 (47.98)	2.30~33.97 (13.49)	18.02	/
2	准东地区	J₁b、J₂x	<1 000	4.80~27.40 (16.65)	0.41~0.67 (0.49)	Ⅰ型	15.40~75.80 (42.60)	1.82~10.41 (3.85)	54.50	/
3	彬长	J₂y	400~800	7.00~11.00 (10.96)	0.50~0.75 (0.52^*)	Ⅱ型	13.90~28.20 (19.40)	9.98~35.94 (15.78)	/	/
4	依兰矿区	E₂d	200~800	1.38~12.82 (4.79)	0.55~0.75 (0.55^*)	Ⅰ型	57.00~93.40 (71.80)	1.80~39.16 (14.00)	43.03	/
5	白杨河矿区	J₁b¹	500~1 200	2.50~14.50 (7.60)	0.32~1.05 (0.54^*)	Ⅱ型	62.40~99.60 (84.83)	1.43~76.09 (8.30)	/	/
6	准南吉木萨尔	J₁b、J₂x	400~1 200	1.70~18.89 (7.76)	0.42~0.85 (0.58)	Ⅰ型	40.90~98.40 (71.14)	1.32~17.86 (7.07)	43.04	/
7	吐哈盆地	J₁b-J₂x	平均368	3.72~22.58 (11.36)	0.40~0.65 (0.61)	Ⅰ型	69.78~85.68 (70.91)	3.13~22.00 (9.38)	52.30	/
8	准南阜康	J₁b、J₂x	<1 500	5.04~7.78 (5.68)	0.42~0.65 (0.65)	Ⅲ型	63.50~80.30 (69.99)	13.08~22.49 (17.92)	45.35	1.30
9₁₀	淮北煤田祁南矿区	P₁x	/	2.45~6.44 (3.94)	0.81~0.98 (0.85)	Ⅲ型	45.90~88.60 (68.90)	6.63~38.55 (11.97)	/	/
10	淮南煤田	P₁s-P₂x- P₂s	200~1 100	2.09~10.20 (4.61)	0.70~1.00 (0.87)	Ⅱ型	32.00~78.00 (55.00)	5.25~37.78 (21.57)	25.30	0.10
11₈	淮北芦岭矿区	P₁x	<1 000	3.80~9.40 (3.94)	0.80~1.00 (0.93)	Ⅲ型	76.20~85.50 (82.15)	11.72~16.78 (16.01)	34.40	0.15
12	平顶山区块	P₁s	400~1 400	4.30~12.00 (4.74)	0.80~1.20 (0.96)	Ⅱ型	62.20~92.50 (77.35)	6.80~37.16 (16.46)	19.40	0.15
13	黔西月亮田矿	P₃l	675~819	2.66~4.22 (3.47)	1.00~1.08 (1.04)	Ⅲ型	/	20.41~36.54 (33.47)	35.00	/
14	临兴区块4+5 号	P₁s	1 833.00	3.38~17.37 (4.53)	1.01~1.19 (1.12)	Ⅰ型	57.20~82.10 (60.95)	7.50~32.76 (19.57)	24.00	/
15	恩洪区块	P₃x	500~1 500	3.10~10.10 (6.33)	0.88~1.39 (1.25)	Ⅰ型	64.40~90.20 (80.83)	7.03~18.37 (12.29)	24.89	0.60
16	临兴区块8+9 号	C₂t	1 902.00	1.20~5.90 (4.45)	1.16~1.36 (1.29)	Ⅰ型	72.10~89.20 (75.05)	15.77~17.76 (16.70)	23.40	/
17	河东煤田乡宁地区	P₁s-C₂t	max>1 500	1.60~11.10 (4.90)	1.41~1.49 (1.44)	Ⅱ型	60.00~80.00 (79.00)	6.65~23.47 (11.12)	/	/
18	黔西松河井田	P₃l	620~956	3.35~5.16 (3.98)	1.36~1.69 (1.47)	Ⅲ型	/	18.47~36.83 (27.90)	33.97	0.81
19	织纳煤田	P₃l	517	4.30	1.52~2.15 (1.75)	Ⅲ型	45.10~98.10 (68.92)	25.57	9.00	0.28
20	云南老厂区块	/	/	5.50~11.20 (7.74)	1.48~2.32 (1.85)	Ⅲ型	54.40~92.40 (71.02)	6.44~33.90 (16.57)	29.28	/
21	黔西发耳煤矿	P₃l	80~720	3.81~8.19 (5.85)	1.70~1.96 (1.87)	Ⅲ型	81.30~98.00 (89.20)	7.06~9.26 (8.14)	37.72	/
22	安鹤煤田	P₁s-P₁t	665~1 760	6.48~9.78 (8.38)	1.70~2.90 (1.95)	Ⅲ型	45.60~88.30 (72.94)	4.65~14.84 (6.90)	23.60	0.65
23	渭北地区韩城区块	P₁s-C₂t	400~1 400	3.80~90.00 (7.12)	1.65~2.18 (1.98)	Ⅱ型	66.20~75.60 (73.40)	11.72~16.79 (15.20)	39.76	/
24₈	韩城马沟渠	P₁s	/	2.30~8.40 (5.33)	1.65~2.18 (2.00)	Ⅱ型	63.07~91.04 (65.00)	6.01~39.79 (17.91)	/	/
25	比德—三塘盆地	P₃l	/	4.06~10.12 (5.49)	1.05~3.52 (2.06)	Ⅲ型	52.70~82.40 (76.89)	/	14.42	/
26	长治区块	P₁s	634~1 246	3.26~5.44 (4.45)	1.96~2.62 (2.30)	Ⅱ型	70.00~80.00 (75.00)	10.90~35.00 (17.90)	/	0.07
27	延川南地区		300~1 500	2.00~2.80 (2.40)	1.89~2.44 (2.40)	Ⅱ型	39.70~81.60 (73.85)	4.36~27.62 (16.47)	14.85	/
28	寿阳区块	P₁s-C₂t	294~1 112	4.50~17.50 (7.50)	1.77~2.67 (2.44)	Ⅱ型	53.30~87.00 (71.62)	4.99~81.61 (22.72)	/	2.57
29₁₅	沁水盆地东北缘和顺区块	C₂t	142~1 381	1.15~7.69 (4.60)	2.17~2.97 (2.44)	Ⅰ型	69.60~80.80 (77.30)	4.03~26.47 (10.07)	/	/
30	渭北地区合阳矿区王村矿	P₁s-C₂t	<1 000	2.30~8.40 (4.68)	2.69	Ⅰ型	11.95~36.17 (23.00)	11.95~36.17 (9.03)	/	/
31	渭北地区澄城矿区尧头斜井	P₁s-C₂t	600~800	2.30~8.40 (3.68)	1.72~2.28 (2.70)	Ⅰ型	13.80~77.50 (67.20)	14.04~38.20 (20.13)	8.67	/
32	柿庄区块	P₁s-C₂t	450~1 463	3.38~11.84 (5.74)	1.81~5.06 (2.84)	Ⅱ型	19.30~84.40 (66.86)	5.02~51.33 (20.19)	/	0.02
33	沁水盆地南部郑庄—樊庄区块	P₁s	500~600	2.92~6.01 (5.14)	3.55~3.98 (3.60)	Ⅰ型	70.30~88.10 (81.80)	6.47~38.25 (6.63)	15.90	0.09
34	沁水盆地南部	C₂t-P₁s	<1 200	1.30~9.91 (4.76)	3.37~4.08 (3.73)	Ⅰ型	57.50~89.50 (75.79)	5.29~14.80 (9.13)	/	/
35	焦作煤田	P₁s	500~1 500	7.00~12.00 (9.80)	3.16~4.38 (3.77)	Ⅱ型	32.00~72.10 (52.05)	12.63~23.50 (17.30)	31.70	/
36	寺河煤矿	P₁s	270~690	/	3.69~4.25 (3.89)	Ⅰ型	/	/	21.27	0.50
37	潘庄区块	P₁s	327~429	4.97~6.67 (5.77)	3.68~4.36 (4.02)	Ⅰ型	45.90~93.80 (80.13)	7.77~16.15 (11.96)	/	/