准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组沉积环境与沉积模式分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玛湖凹陷是准噶尔盆地重要的生烃凹陷,其下二叠统风城组作为主力烃源岩,也是重要的勘探层系。风城组的岩相展布与沉积模式的研究,对明确玛湖凹陷的构造演化过程和油气勘探具有重要的参考意义。基于最新的测井、录井资料,建立玛页1井风城组综合柱状图,查明玛湖凹陷风城组岩相展布,进而重建玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组各沉积时期的沉积环境,明确沉积模式。研究结果表明,玛页1井风城组主要为黑色-灰黑色细粒沉积岩,大量发育软沉积变形构造,说明玛北地区风城组主要为半深湖-深湖亚相沉积。根据连井岩相剖面,玛湖凹陷风城组自下而上发育进积-退积-进积的旋回特征,自南西向北东方向为扇三角洲相-湖泊相-河流三角洲相沉积。风一段火山岩火山活动强烈,玛北地区发育水下熔结凝灰岩、火山碎屑岩及玄武岩,主要为浅湖沉积。风二段玛南地区为扇三角洲沉积,向玛西地区过渡为三角洲-滨浅湖沉积,玛北地区发育半深湖-深湖沉积,在湖盆中心发育碱性矿物沉淀;风二段中部化学沉淀分布范围最广,指示最大洪泛面。风三段进积作用加强,湖盆萎缩,玛南、玛西地区发育扇三角洲沉积,玛北地区发育半深湖-滨浅湖沉积。结合其沉积演化过程,玛湖凹陷风城组是受到外源碎屑沉积、内源化学沉淀和火山碎屑物质等影响的多源混积沉积模式。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 玛湖凹陷, 风城组, 软沉积变形构造, 沉积环境, 沉积模式

Abstract:

The Mahu sag is one of the most prolific oil-gas sags in the Junggar Basin.The Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation is the main high-quality lacustrine source rocks, and is considered as the key exploration target in the Mahu sag.The lithofacies distribution and sedimentary environment of the Fengcheng Formation are of great significance in studying the tectonic evolution and further oil-gas exploration of the Mahu sag.Based on the latest logging data, we established a comprehensive stratigraphic column for the Fengcheng Formation from well Maye 1, and clarified the lithofacies distribution of the Fengcheng Formation.The tectonic sedimentary environment and sedimentary model of the Fengcheng Formation are constructed subsequently.The Fengcheng Formation is mainly composed of dark fine-grained sedimentary rocks in well Maye 1, with a large number of soft-sediment deformation structures.The middle member of the Fengcheng Formation was likely deposited in (semi-)deep lacustrine facies.According to the lithofacies profile in the Fengcheng Formation, the cyclic characteristics of progradation-retrogradation-progradation developed from bottom to top, and the sedimentary facies changed from fan delta, lacustrine to river delta facies from southwest to northeast.Volcanism likely played a key role in the lower member of the Fengcheng Formation of shallow lacustrine facies in the northern part of Mahu sag.In the middle member of the Fengcheng Formation, the southern part of Mahu sag developed fan-delta deposits, which is transformed into delta-shore shallow lacustrine deposit to the west of Mahu sag, and semi-deep to deep lacustrine deposits are developed in the northern part.The middle member of (semi-)deep lacustrine facies is characterized with extensive distribution and abundant alkaline minerals in the depocenter.The chemical precipitation in the middle member of the Fengcheng Formation is the most widely distributed, indicating the maximum flooding surface.The progradation in the upper member of the Fengcheng Formation may have resulted from shrinking of the sag.Fan delta deposits are developed in the southern and western parts of the Mahu sag, and semi-deep lacustrine to shore-shallow lacustrine facies are developed in the northern part.Combined with its sedimentary evolution process, the Fengcheng Formation is likely deposited and multiple-sourced, including terrigenous clastic deposits, endogenous chemical precipitates and pyroclastic material.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Mahu sag, Fengcheng Formation, soft-sediment deformation structure, depositional environment, sedimentary model

中图分类号:

倪敏婕, 祝贺暄, 何文军, 杨森, 邹阳, 张元元. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组沉积环境与沉积模式分析[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1194-1207.

NI Minjie, ZHU Hexuan, HE Wenjun, YANG Sen, ZOU Yang, ZHANG Yuanyuan. Depositional Environment and Sedimentary Model of the Fengcheng Formation in Mahu sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1194-1207.

图/表 8

图1 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷位置略图(a)及井位分布图(b)[39]

Fig.1 Sketch map (a) of the structural location of Mahu sag, Junggar basin, showing the well location (b)[39]

图2 玛页1井风城组取心段综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Fengcheng Formation from well Maye 1

图3 玛页1井风城组纹层发育的主要类型

Fig.3 Major types of lamination developed in the Fengcheng Formation in well Maye 1

图4 玛页1井风城组岩心的软沉积变形特征

Fig.4 Core photos of the Fengcheng Formation from well Maye 1, showing typical soft-sediment deformation structures

图5 玛湖凹陷近北东-南西走向连井剖面岩相分布图(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.5 Lithofacies distribution map of the northeast-Southwest trending well-section in Mahu Sag (profile location seeingFig.1)

图6 玛湖凹陷风城组各段沉积相展布图(改自文献[24])

Fig.6 Distribution of sedimentary facies of the members of the Fengcheng Formation in Mahu sag (modified from ref.[24])

图7 玛湖凹陷风城组沉积相剖面图(井位见图6)

Fig.7 Profle of sedimentary facies of Fengcheng F ormation in the Mahu sag (profile location seeing Fig.6)

图8 玛湖凹陷风城组沉积模式图(改自文献[24])

Fig.8 Sedimentary architectural model of the Fengcheng Formation, Mahu sag (after ref.[24])

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