Analysis of Groundwater Level Dynamics and Influencing Factors in the Chaobai River Basin from 2019 to 2022

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.141

Abstract

Abstract:

The Chaobai River Basin is an indispensable water supply area for Beijing. Studying groundwater level dynamics helps identify changes in groundwater levels, which is of great significance for the protection and management of groundwater resources. Based on groundwater level monitoring data of the Chaobai River Basin from 2019 to 2022, this paper analyzes the intra-annual and interannual trends of groundwater levels, as well as the main factors influencing groundwater level dynamics, using GIS technology, SOM clustering analysis, linear trend analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression analysis, combined with data on rainfall, extraction, and water consumption.The results show that the groundwater level dynamics of the 27 monitoring wells fall into three categories: strong fluctuation, medium fluctuation, and weak fluctuation, with intra-annual water level changes of 4.2 m, 3.2 m, and 1.5 m, respectively. From 2019 to 2022, the average annual change in groundwater levels ranged from 0.0258 to 0.597 m/a. Principal component analysis extracted two principal components (representing human activity factors and natural factors, respectively) with eigenvalues of 6.21 and 1.59, and a cumulative contribution rate of 89.224%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that human activities were the main factors affecting groundwater levels, with domestic water use, environmental water use, South-to-North Water Diversion Project replenishment, and ecological water replenishment identified as the primary influencing factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for groundwater management and protection in the Chaobai River Basin.

Key words: Chaobai River Basin, groundwater level dynamics, SOM clustering analysis, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression

CLC Number:

P641

ZHANG Tianyu, XU Congchao, ZHANG Qin, ZHANG Shuqi, SHI Bowen, LIU Di, YANG Yihong, CHEN Nan, LI Rui. Analysis of Groundwater Level Dynamics and Influencing Factors in the Chaobai River Basin from 2019 to 2022[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(04): 1119-1128.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Location of groundwater sampling points in the study area

Fig.2 Monthly rainfall in the study area (2019-2022)

Fig.3 SOM mapping of monthly average changes in groundwater level (2019-2022)(a), clustering results of clusters (b), and spatial distribution of grouped groundwater monitoring wells in the study area (c)

Fig.4 Intra-annual groundwater level dynamics of ClusterⅠ(a), ClusterⅡ(b), and ClusterⅢ (c)

Fig.5 Spatial and temporal distribution map of groundwater level in December 2019 (a) and December 2022 (b)

Fig.6 Changes of groundwater level in Chaobai River area of Beijing from 2019 to 2022

Fig.7 Interannual variation trend of ClusterⅠ(a), ClusterⅡ(b), and ClusterⅢ (c)

Table 1 Eigenvalues and contribution rates of rotated common factors

主成分	特征值	贡献率(%)	累积贡献率(%)
F1	6.210	68.996	68.996
F2	1.590	17.668	86.664
F3	0.639	7.103	93.767
F4	0.382	4.242	98.009
F5	0.104	1.160	99.169
F6	0.060	0.670	99.839
F7	0.013	0.145	99.985
F8	0.000	0.015	100.000

Table 2 Eigenvectors corresponding to rotated common factor eigenvalues

主成分	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉
F1	0.075	-0.070	0.319	0.368	0.307	-0.392	-0.391	0.383	-0.388
F2	0.653	0.711	0.420	0.042	0.283	0.108	-0.117	0.051	0.010

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