Development Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Xiongba Giant Ancient Landslide in the Jinshajiang Tectonic Zone

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.095

Abstract

Abstract:

Xiongba giant ancient landslide is located on the right bank of Jinshajiang River (Gongjue County, Tibet), and located in the Jinshajiang active tectonic zone. The terrain and geological structure in this area is very complex, with many high mountains and gorges, large longitudinal slope drop, fragmentary rock mass, and a series of large and giant ancient landslides and slope deformation bodies were developed and pose serious hazards. On the basis of remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, we investigated the characteristics and formation mechanism of the Xiongba ancient landslide. We revealed that the accumulation volume of Xiongba ancient landslide is about 2.6×10 ⁸-6.0×10 ⁸ m ³, which is of giant scale in the regional geological history. The Xiongba ancient landslide comprises two large areas on the surface, i.e., the source area and accumulation area, among which the latter is divided into the relatively-stable zone and frontal-edge strongly-deformed zone. Through two deep-drilling on the landslide body, it is found that the Xiongba ancient landslide contains two-level deep creep slip zone:the shallow and deep slip zones have burial depths of 51 m (borehole ZK1) to 55 m (borehole ZK2) and 101 m (borehole ZK1) to 115 m (borehole ZK2), respectively. Hydrogeological conditions of the landslide body are complex with deep confined water developed, which greatly impact the slope stability. Our results show that the Xiongba ancient landslide may have formed under the coupling of internal and external dynamic factors, which include stratigraphic lithology, fracture activity, gravity, rainfall, groundwater, and river erosion. The landslide is currently creeping deeply, and the control of the “lock-up section” developed under the landslide platform is the key to the landslide stability. Under the influence of rainfall-groundwater seepage, river erosion and earthquake, the ancient landslide has a high possibility of instability, and may form a chain of disastrous events, such as blocking the Jinshajiang River and dam-broken floods.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, ancient landslide reactivation, Jinshajiang fault zone, Xiongba, formation mechanism

CLC Number:

P641

LI Xue, GUO Changbao, YANG Zhihua, LIAO Wei, WU Ruian, JIN Jijun, HE Yuanxiao. Development Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Xiongba Giant Ancient Landslide in the Jinshajiang Tectonic Zone[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(01): 47-55.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1 Tectonic map of Xiongba ancient landslide section in Jinshajiang fault zone((a), modified from reference [9]), distribution map of large-scale geological hazards (b) and aerial photos of typical geological hazards ((c)-(e))

Fig.2 Engineering geological map of the Xiongba ancient landslide

Fig.3 Field photos showing the surface development characteristics of the secondary strong-deformation areas of the Xiongba ancient landslide

Fig.4 Engineering geological profile of the Xiongba ancient landslide

Fig.5 Field and core photos of the structural characteristics of the Xiongba ancient landslide

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