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Geoscience ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01): 209-219.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.016

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Analysis of Geothermal Origin in Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

MA Xin1(), FU Lei1(), LI Tiefeng1, YAN Jing2, LIU Ting1, WANG Mingguo1, SHAO Wei1   

  1. 1. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Baoding,Hebei 071051, China
    2. Geophysical Exploration Academy of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Baoding,Hebei 071051, China
  • Received:2020-10-09 Revised:2020-12-14 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2021-03-12
  • Contact: FU Lei

Abstract:

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the regions with the strongest tectonic activity and the fastest geomorphic evolution on the Earth. It belongs to the Mediterranean-Himalayan tropics with strong hydrothermal activities. Based on the geological background, the development characteristics and genetic model of the deep underground hot water at Jiali are preliminarily explored through field survey, hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses. The results show that the origin of local geothermal water comes from meteoric precipitation or ice/snow melting, and the recharge altitude is above 4,500 m. It is speculated that the recharge area is located in the mountainous gneissic region in the northwest of the study area. The geothermal water in the area is immature. The geothermal water replenishment source circulates along the faults to the deep thermal reservoir, and then ascends by heating and convection until it is exposed as hot springs. The geothermal water rises to the shallow surface and mixes with cold water at a mixing ratio reaching 91%. SiO2 thermometer, cation thermometer and silicon-enthalpy models are used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and the maximum reservoir temperature is 380 ℃. The depth of geothermal water circulation reaches 6,900 m in the Yarlung-Zangbo River junction zone. The local geothermal heat source comes mainly from the Yarlung-Zangbo River junction zone and the nearby deep faults, and the surface geothermal springs are mainly controlled by the secondary tensile and torsional faults on both sides of the junction zone. This study preliminarily revealed the geothermal genetic model at Jiali of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, which can provide a scientific basis for the geothermal resource development and utilization, and for the planning and construction of major projects in the area.

Key words: geothermal origin, hydrogeochemistry, reservoir temperature, circulation mechanism, easternHimalayan syntaxis

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