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现代地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (04): 908-919.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.035

• 构造地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州长兴组典型危岩体稳定性关键问题研究

覃红亮1(), 赵翠2,*(), 朱昱桦1, 胡荣1, 吴波1, 黄欣欣1, 黄广才1   

  1. 1.贵州省地质调查院,贵州 贵阳 550081
    2.贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局111地质大队,贵州 贵阳 550081
  • 出版日期:2025-08-10 发布日期:2025-08-27
  • 通信作者: *赵翠,女,硕士,高级工程师,1984年出生,主要从事水文地质、工程地质和环境地质等调查研究工作。Email:zhaocuicumt@163.com
  • 作者简介:覃红亮,男,硕士,高级工程师,1984年出生,主要从事水工环地质及安全工程等研究工作。Email:qinhongliangcumt@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般193);贵州省地质勘查基金项目(MCHC-ZG20211007)

Research on Key Issues of Stability of Typical Dangerous Rock Masses in the Changxing Formation, Guizhou Province

QIN Hongliang1(), ZHAO Cui2,*(), ZHU Yuhua1, HU Rong1, WU Bo1, HUANG Xinxin1, HUANG Guangcai1   

  1. 1. Guizhou Geological Survey, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
    2. No.111 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration & Development, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
  • Published:2025-08-10 Online:2025-08-27

摘要:

长期以来,危岩体的形成机理、崩塌发生的可能性及主要诱发因素、崩落影响范围等关键问题没有得到有效解决。本文以贵州长兴组典型危岩体为研究对象,综合运用现场调查、工程测量、岩石力学试验、数理统计、赤平投影、极限平衡法、数值模拟及相关性分析等方法,系统研究其形成机理、稳定性及影响范围。研究显示,该区危岩体的形成机理为长兴组硬质灰岩形成陡崖地貌,在各种综合作用力下形成裂隙,上硬下软的岩性组合在长兴组燧石灰岩底部形成凹岩腔,在地表陡崖临空面处便形成危岩体;危岩体稳定性定量计算与定性分析的结论基本吻合,3个危岩单体处于欠稳定状态,3个危岩单体处于基本稳定状态;危岩体崩落最大影响距离为345 m,落石影响范围约0.36 km2。研究表明,研究区内危岩体主要由岩石强度及化学成分、内外部作用力、地层岩性组合特征等因素的共同作用形成;在人类寿命数十年的时间尺度范围内,其倾覆力矩来源于水压力,降雨为该区倾倒式崩塌最重要的诱发因素;崩落运动距离、总动能分别与落石块体体积正相关,弹跳高度与落石块体体积不相关。本研究对贵州岩溶山区类似危岩体灾害的防治具有一定的科学指导意义。

关键词: 长兴组, 危岩体, 稳定性分析, 数值模拟, 崩落影响范围

Abstract:

For a long time, key issues such as the formation mechanism of dangerous rock masses, the possibility of collapse, main triggering factors, and the impact range of collapse have not been effectively solved. This study takes typical dangerous rock masses in the Changxing Formation of Guizhou as the research object, and systematically investigates their formation mechanism, stability, and impact range by comprehensively applying methods including field investigation, engineering survey, rock mechanics test, mathematical statistics, stereographic projection, limit equilibrium method, numerical simulation, and correlation analysis. The results show that the formation mechanism of dangerous rock masses in this area is as follows: the hard limestone of the Changxing Formation forms steep cliff landforms, and fractures are generated under the action of various combined forces; the lithological combination of “hard on top and soft at the bottom” forms concave rock cavities at the bottom of cherty limestone in the Changxing Formation, thus forming dangerous rock masses at the free face of surface cliffs. The conclusions of quantitative calculation and qualitative analysis of dangerous rock mass stability are basically consistent: 3 individual dangerous rock masses are in a sub-stable state, and 3 are in a basically stable state. The maximum impact distance of dangerous rock mass collapse is 345 m, and the rockfall impact range is about 0.36 km?. The study indicates that the dangerous rock masses in the study area mainly result from the combined action of factors such as rock strength, chemical composition, internal and external forces, and characteristics of stratigraphic-lithological combinations. Within the time scale of several decades of human lifespan, the overturning moment stems from water pressure, and rainfall is the most important triggering factor for toppling collapses in this area. The collapse travel distance and total kinetic energy are positively correlated with the volume of rockfall blocks, respectively, while the bounce height has no correlation with the volume of rockfall blocks. This research has certain scientific guiding significance for the prevention and control of similar dangerous rock mass disasters in karst mountainous areas of Guizhou.

Key words: Changxing Formation, dangerous rock mass, stability analysis, numerical simulation, impact range of collapse

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