滇东南荒田钨矿床白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学、Sr同位素组成及成矿启示

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.068

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荒田钨矿床位于滇东南老君山多金属成矿区北缘,是近年来新发现的一处大型白钨矿床。尽管前人已对该矿床的地质特征及成矿流体演化进行了初步研究,但其成矿时代的精细厘定仍显不足,成矿物质来源也存在争议,这在一定程度上限制了学界对其成矿机制的深入认识。基于详细的钻孔岩心记录和矿物显微组构研究,本文针对荒田钨矿床主成矿期I阶段的白钨矿进行了原位U-Pb定年和原位Sr同位素组成分析。结果显示,荒田白钨矿U-Pb年龄为(64.6±3.7 Ma)(n=35,MSWD=1.6),反映出成矿作用发生在古新世初期。结合矿区地质背景,推测成矿作用与矿段南段的深部隐伏花岗岩体密切相关。荒田白钨矿⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值范围为0.72025~0.72840,明显高于大陆地幔,显示出明显的壳源特征。与此同时,荒田白钨矿与老君山花岗岩Sr同位素初始比值比值一致,指示二者可能系来自同一热液系统(长寿命岩浆房)的产物。荒田白钨矿中的高Ca浓度主要源于花岗岩类斜长石的绢云母化,且钨元素的提取遵循“正岩浆成矿模式”从花岗岩浆中获得。本研究对荒田钨矿床成矿时代的厘定和成矿物质源区的追溯为深化理解成矿机制奠定了基础,并丰富了对滇东南多金属成矿带成矿规律的认识,为该区域进一步找矿勘探提供了理论依据。

关键词: 滇东南, 白钨矿, 原位U-Pb定年, 原位Sr同位素, 成矿指示

Abstract:

The Huangtian tungsten deposit is a recently discovered large-scale scheelite deposit on the northern edge of the Laojunshan polymetallic mineralization area, in Southeast Yunnan province. Previous research has investigated the geological characteristics of the deposit and the evolution of mineralization fluids. However, the absence of a precise determination of its mineralization age and the contentious origin of its mineralization and materials have impeded the academic community’s comprehensive comprehension of its mineralization mechanism. To determine this problem, this article conducted in-situ U-Pb dating and in-situ Sr isotope composition on main mineralization stage I scheelite based on detailed drilling core catalogs and mineral microstructure analyses. The results show that the scheelite formed (64.6±3.7) Ma (n=35,MSWD=1.6), reflecting that the mineralization occurred in the early Paleocene. When considered in conjunction with the geological background of the mine area, it is hypothesized that the mineralization is closely related to the deep, concealed granite body in the southern part of the mine section. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.720,25-0.728,40) of the Huangtian scheelite are significantly higher than those of the continental lithospheric mantle, indicating a crustal source. The initial Sr isotope ratios of the huangtian scheelite and the laojunshan granite are consistent, suggesting that they may have originated from a common hydrothermal system(long-lived magma chamber). The elevated concentration of Ca in Huangtian scheelite is primarily due to the sericitization of plagioclase in the granodiorite. The W element in Huangtian scheelite originates from the granodiorite by orthomagmatic model. This study defines the metallogenic era of tungsten deposits in Huangtian and traces the source of their mineralized materials. These findings lay a foundation for a deeper understanding of the metallogenic mechanisms and enrich our knowledge of the polymetallic metallogenic belt in Southeast Yunnan. Ultimately, this provides a theoretical basis for further prospecting in the region.

Key words: Southeast Yunnan, scheelite, in-situ U-Pb dating, in-situ Sr isotope, metallogenic significance

中图分类号:

P597
P618.67

王中良, 林木森, 周瑞辉. 滇东南荒田钨矿床白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学、Sr同位素组成及成矿启示[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(01): 133-145.

WANG Zhongliang, LIN Musen, ZHOU Ruihui. In-situ U-Pb Geochronology and Sr Isotope Composition of the Scheelite from the Huangtian Tungsten Deposit, Southeast Yunnan, and Its Metallogenic Revelation[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(01): 133-145.

图/表 12

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序号	样品号	U(10^-6)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb(1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U(1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U(1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄(1σ)	f ²⁰⁶Pb
1	22HT01-01	2.59	0.512(0.024)	1.296(0.052)	0.01965(0.00056)	52.2(4.1)	0.5866
2	22HT01-02	2.54	0.641(0.020)	2.477(0.062)	0.02930(0.00065)	47.1(4.9)	0.7500
3	22HT01-03	2.79	0.552(0.025)	1.618(0.054)	0.02271(0.00058)	52.8(4.8)	0.6378
4	22HT01-04	3.37	0.513(0.022)	1.550(0.051)	0.02283(0.00044)	60.3(4.2)	0.5883
5	22HT01-05	2.73	0.432(0.021)	1.085(0.048)	0.01936(0.00054)	64.0(3.7)	0.4848
6	22HT01-06	2.21	0.627(0.024)	2.614(0.074)	0.03197(0.00072)	54.9(6.3)	0.7321
7	22HT01-07	2.73	0.604(0.023)	2.141(0.058)	0.02705(0.00058)	51.4(5.2)	0.7037
8	22HT01-08	2.11	0.692(0.022)	3.778(0.085)	0.04113(0.00077)	49.0(7.4)	0.8147
9	22HT01-09	2.80	0.533(0.025)	1.408(0.048)	0.02098(0.00053)	52.1(4.4)	0.6131
10	22HT01-10	1.93	0.724(0.018)	5.630(0.110)	0.05837(0.00110)	54.6(8.6)	0.8541
11	22HT01-11	1.40	0.824(0.024)	8.972(0.210)	0.08149(0.00150)	8.0(16.0)	0.9843
12	22HT01-12	1.10	0.684(0.041)	2.672(0.110)	0.03243(0.00110)	40.5(10.9)	0.8055
13	22HT01-13	1.21	0.750(0.031)	4.523(0.130)	0.04701(0.00120)	33.7(11.9)	0.8886
14	22HT01-14	2.29	0.693(0.026)	2.851(0.075)	0.03178(0.00080)	37.4(6.8)	0.8166
15	22HT01-15	3.35	0.482(0.020)	1.317(0.044)	0.02120(0.00052)	61.4(3.7)	0.5487
16	22HT01-16	3.05	0.526(0.024)	1.594(0.053)	0.02355(0.00056)	59.8(4.8)	0.6046
17	22HT01-17	2.15	0.590(0.028)	1.676(0.064)	0.02248(0.00072)	45.5(5.3)	0.6854
18	22HT01-18	2.02	0.583(0.027)	2.001(0.072)	0.02709(0.00077)	56.3(6.1)	0.6758
19	22HT01-19	3.04	0.588(0.025)	1.960(0.056)	0.02593(0.00062)	52.6(5.4)	0.6842
20	22HT01-20	2.63	0.694(0.020)	3.919(0.087)	0.04297(0.00110)	50.5(7.1)	0.8170
21	22HT01-21	2.82	0.628(0.019)	2.726(0.062)	0.03296(0.00074)	56.5(5.2)	0.7325
22	22HT01-22	1.70	0.795(0.024)	7.791(0.16)	0.07494(0.00190)	26.3(14.6)	0.9460
23	22HT01-23	2.06	0.660(0.027)	2.673(0.087)	0.03138(0.00084)	45.5(7.0)	0.7748
24	22HT01-24	3.01	0.548(0.024)	1.851(0.059)	0.02612(0.00068)	61.8(5.3)	0.6317
25	22HT01-25	2.83	0.610(0.038)	1.770(0.060)	0.02389(0.00071)	44.4(7.5)	0.7113
26	22HT01-26	1.94	0.560(0.039)	1.605(0.083)	0.02357(0.00075)	53.3(7.6)	0.6474
27	22HT01-27	3.50	0.502(0.022)	1.331(0.042)	0.02070(0.00058)	56.5(4.0)	0.5744
28	22HT01-28	2.12	0.627(0.028)	2.431(0.083)	0.03041(0.00085)	52.4(7.0)	0.7317
29	22HT01-29	1.41	0.734(0.036)	4.150(0.160)	0.04415(0.00130)	37.2(12.9)	0.8688
30	22HT01-30	2.79	0.530(0.033)	1.408(0.056)	0.02172(0.00065)	54.5(6.0)	0.6091
31	22HT01-31	2.86	0.544(0.026)	1.590(0.059)	0.02309(0.00061)	55.2(5.1)	0.6273
32	22HT01-32	2.66	0.549(0.029)	1.687(0.065)	0.02462(0.00078)	57.9(6.1)	0.6330
33	22HT01-33	3.13	0.421(0.024)	0.886(0.041)	0.01667(0.00047)	56.5(3.6)	0.4719
34	22HT01-34	4.51	0.115(0.012)	0.149(0.015)	0.01141(0.00036)	66.9(2.4)	0.0853
35	22HT01-35	3.09	0.484(0.019)	1.636(0.057)	0.02560(0.00062)	73.7(4.3)	0.5508

序号	样品号	U(10^-6)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb(1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U(1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U(1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄(1σ)	f ²⁰⁶Pb
1	22HT01-01	2.59	0.512(0.024)	1.296(0.052)	0.01965(0.00056)	52.2(4.1)	0.5866
2	22HT01-02	2.54	0.641(0.020)	2.477(0.062)	0.02930(0.00065)	47.1(4.9)	0.7500
3	22HT01-03	2.79	0.552(0.025)	1.618(0.054)	0.02271(0.00058)	52.8(4.8)	0.6378
4	22HT01-04	3.37	0.513(0.022)	1.550(0.051)	0.02283(0.00044)	60.3(4.2)	0.5883
5	22HT01-05	2.73	0.432(0.021)	1.085(0.048)	0.01936(0.00054)	64.0(3.7)	0.4848
6	22HT01-06	2.21	0.627(0.024)	2.614(0.074)	0.03197(0.00072)	54.9(6.3)	0.7321
7	22HT01-07	2.73	0.604(0.023)	2.141(0.058)	0.02705(0.00058)	51.4(5.2)	0.7037
8	22HT01-08	2.11	0.692(0.022)	3.778(0.085)	0.04113(0.00077)	49.0(7.4)	0.8147
9	22HT01-09	2.80	0.533(0.025)	1.408(0.048)	0.02098(0.00053)	52.1(4.4)	0.6131
10	22HT01-10	1.93	0.724(0.018)	5.630(0.110)	0.05837(0.00110)	54.6(8.6)	0.8541
11	22HT01-11	1.40	0.824(0.024)	8.972(0.210)	0.08149(0.00150)	8.0(16.0)	0.9843
12	22HT01-12	1.10	0.684(0.041)	2.672(0.110)	0.03243(0.00110)	40.5(10.9)	0.8055
13	22HT01-13	1.21	0.750(0.031)	4.523(0.130)	0.04701(0.00120)	33.7(11.9)	0.8886
14	22HT01-14	2.29	0.693(0.026)	2.851(0.075)	0.03178(0.00080)	37.4(6.8)	0.8166
15	22HT01-15	3.35	0.482(0.020)	1.317(0.044)	0.02120(0.00052)	61.4(3.7)	0.5487
16	22HT01-16	3.05	0.526(0.024)	1.594(0.053)	0.02355(0.00056)	59.8(4.8)	0.6046
17	22HT01-17	2.15	0.590(0.028)	1.676(0.064)	0.02248(0.00072)	45.5(5.3)	0.6854
18	22HT01-18	2.02	0.583(0.027)	2.001(0.072)	0.02709(0.00077)	56.3(6.1)	0.6758
19	22HT01-19	3.04	0.588(0.025)	1.960(0.056)	0.02593(0.00062)	52.6(5.4)	0.6842
20	22HT01-20	2.63	0.694(0.020)	3.919(0.087)	0.04297(0.00110)	50.5(7.1)	0.8170
21	22HT01-21	2.82	0.628(0.019)	2.726(0.062)	0.03296(0.00074)	56.5(5.2)	0.7325
22	22HT01-22	1.70	0.795(0.024)	7.791(0.16)	0.07494(0.00190)	26.3(14.6)	0.9460
23	22HT01-23	2.06	0.660(0.027)	2.673(0.087)	0.03138(0.00084)	45.5(7.0)	0.7748
24	22HT01-24	3.01	0.548(0.024)	1.851(0.059)	0.02612(0.00068)	61.8(5.3)	0.6317
25	22HT01-25	2.83	0.610(0.038)	1.770(0.060)	0.02389(0.00071)	44.4(7.5)	0.7113
26	22HT01-26	1.94	0.560(0.039)	1.605(0.083)	0.02357(0.00075)	53.3(7.6)	0.6474
27	22HT01-27	3.50	0.502(0.022)	1.331(0.042)	0.02070(0.00058)	56.5(4.0)	0.5744
28	22HT01-28	2.12	0.627(0.028)	2.431(0.083)	0.03041(0.00085)	52.4(7.0)	0.7317
29	22HT01-29	1.41	0.734(0.036)	4.150(0.160)	0.04415(0.00130)	37.2(12.9)	0.8688
30	22HT01-30	2.79	0.530(0.033)	1.408(0.056)	0.02172(0.00065)	54.5(6.0)	0.6091
31	22HT01-31	2.86	0.544(0.026)	1.590(0.059)	0.02309(0.00061)	55.2(5.1)	0.6273
32	22HT01-32	2.66	0.549(0.029)	1.687(0.065)	0.02462(0.00078)	57.9(6.1)	0.6330
33	22HT01-33	3.13	0.421(0.024)	0.886(0.041)	0.01667(0.00047)	56.5(3.6)	0.4719
34	22HT01-34	4.51	0.115(0.012)	0.149(0.015)	0.01141(0.00036)	66.9(2.4)	0.0853
35	22HT01-35	3.09	0.484(0.019)	1.636(0.057)	0.02560(0.00062)	73.7(4.3)	0.5508

序号	样品	⁸⁵Rb(v)	⁸⁸Sr(v)	⁸⁴Sr/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i
1	22HT01-1-01	0.000043	0.912870	0.05684(0.00186)	0.000158(0.000071)	0.72472(0.00018)	0.72472
2	22HT01-1-02	0.000043	0.591750	0.05724(0.00270)	0.000228(0.000151)	0.72354(0.00026)	0.72354
3	22HT01-1-03	0.000060	0.695067	0.05594(0.00245)	0.000280(0.000106)	0.72328(0.00025)	0.72328
4	22HT01-2-01	0.000037	0.877332	0.05582(0.00185)	0.000138(0.000093)	0.72688(0.00023)	0.72688
5	22HT01-2-02	0.000038	0.890591	0.05702(0.00191)	0.000137(0.000079)	0.72343(0.00018)	0.72343
6	22HT01-2-03	0.000071	0.687341	0.05639(0.00204)	0.000338(0.000123)	0.72277(0.00023)	0.72277
7	22HT04-1-01	0.000058	0.402537	0.05624(0.00384)	0.000479(0.000142)	0.72429(0.00038)	0.72429
8	22HT04-1-02	0.000004	0.251385	0.05733(0.00672)	0.000122(0.000310)	0.72616(0.00053)	0.72616
9	22HT04-1-03	0.000021	0.374930	0.05633(0.00407)	0.000184(0.000223)	0.72815(0.00045)	0.72815
10	22HT07-01	0.000067	0.886601	0.05416(0.00178)	0.000256(0.000097)	0.72025(0.00019)	0.72025
11	22HT07-02	0.000133	0.919538	0.05612(0.00170)	0.000475(0.000074)	0.72060(0.00017)	0.72060
12	22HT12-1-01	0.000076	1.173541	0.05682(0.00129)	0.000212(0.000067)	0.72449(0.00014)	0.72449
13	22HT12-1-02	0.000076	1.066293	0.05608(0.00141)	0.000235(0.000089)	0.72468(0.00018)	0.72468
14	22HT12-1-03	0.000118	0.447647	0.05674(0.00349)	0.000838(0.000186)	0.72275(0.00034)	0.72275
15	22HT12-1-04	0.000057	0.594362	0.05619(0.00256)	0.000312(0.000122)	0.72840(0.00032)	0.72840
16	22HT12-2-01	0.000048	0.792939	0.05686(0.00203)	0.000204(0.000095)	0.72433(0.00022)	0.72433
17	22HT12-2-02	0.000072	0.386895	0.05644(0.00370)	0.000611(0.000209)	0.72360(0.00043)	0.72360

序号	样品	⁸⁵Rb(v)	⁸⁸Sr(v)	⁸⁴Sr/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(2σ)	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i
1	22HT01-1-01	0.000043	0.912870	0.05684(0.00186)	0.000158(0.000071)	0.72472(0.00018)	0.72472
2	22HT01-1-02	0.000043	0.591750	0.05724(0.00270)	0.000228(0.000151)	0.72354(0.00026)	0.72354
3	22HT01-1-03	0.000060	0.695067	0.05594(0.00245)	0.000280(0.000106)	0.72328(0.00025)	0.72328
4	22HT01-2-01	0.000037	0.877332	0.05582(0.00185)	0.000138(0.000093)	0.72688(0.00023)	0.72688
5	22HT01-2-02	0.000038	0.890591	0.05702(0.00191)	0.000137(0.000079)	0.72343(0.00018)	0.72343
6	22HT01-2-03	0.000071	0.687341	0.05639(0.00204)	0.000338(0.000123)	0.72277(0.00023)	0.72277
7	22HT04-1-01	0.000058	0.402537	0.05624(0.00384)	0.000479(0.000142)	0.72429(0.00038)	0.72429
8	22HT04-1-02	0.000004	0.251385	0.05733(0.00672)	0.000122(0.000310)	0.72616(0.00053)	0.72616
9	22HT04-1-03	0.000021	0.374930	0.05633(0.00407)	0.000184(0.000223)	0.72815(0.00045)	0.72815
10	22HT07-01	0.000067	0.886601	0.05416(0.00178)	0.000256(0.000097)	0.72025(0.00019)	0.72025
11	22HT07-02	0.000133	0.919538	0.05612(0.00170)	0.000475(0.000074)	0.72060(0.00017)	0.72060
12	22HT12-1-01	0.000076	1.173541	0.05682(0.00129)	0.000212(0.000067)	0.72449(0.00014)	0.72449
13	22HT12-1-02	0.000076	1.066293	0.05608(0.00141)	0.000235(0.000089)	0.72468(0.00018)	0.72468
14	22HT12-1-03	0.000118	0.447647	0.05674(0.00349)	0.000838(0.000186)	0.72275(0.00034)	0.72275
15	22HT12-1-04	0.000057	0.594362	0.05619(0.00256)	0.000312(0.000122)	0.72840(0.00032)	0.72840
16	22HT12-2-01	0.000048	0.792939	0.05686(0.00203)	0.000204(0.000095)	0.72433(0.00022)	0.72433
17	22HT12-2-02	0.000072	0.386895	0.05644(0.00370)	0.000611(0.000209)	0.72360(0.00043)	0.72360

年龄类型	序号	采样位置	岩石(矿物)类型	测试方法	年龄(Ma)	数据来源
成岩年龄	1	老君山	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	96.0±2.0	张斌辉等^[27]
	2		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	91.4±2.5	刘艳宾等^[28]
	3		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	88.4±4.3	李进文等^[29]
	4		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	88.0±4.0	Xu et al^[30]
	5		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	86.9±1.4	刘玉平等^[31]
	6		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	86.3±0.3	Feng et al^[32]
	7		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	88.0±5.0	赵震宇等^[33]
	8	个旧	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	81.2±3.8	程彦博等^[34]
	9		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	89.8±0.4	李宝龙等^[35]
	10		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	81.5±0.4	黄文龙等^[36]
	11	薄竹山	花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	87.3±0.7	黄建国等^[37]
	12		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	89.3±2.0	李建德等^[38]
	13		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	91.6±1.0	Zhang et al^[39]
成矿年龄	1	老君山	白钨矿	LA-ICP-MS白钨矿U-Pb	64.6±3.7	本文
	2		闪锌矿	Rb-Sr等时线法	79.1±9.1	刘玉平等^[40]
	3		锡石	LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb	82.0±2.5	王小娟等^[41]
	4		辉钼矿	Re-Os等时线法	77.1±2.1	李进文等^[29]
	5		白钨矿	Sm-Nd等时线法	97.0±9.0	杜胜江等^[42]
	6		萤石	Sm-Nd等时线法	78.8±3.2	杜胜江等^[42]
	7		闪锌矿	Rb-Sr等时线法	85.2±0.7	刘明军等^[3]
	8		锡石	LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb	84.3±4.7	刘明军等^[3]
	9		白云母	⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	85.3±1.6	刘玉平等^[31]
	10	个旧	白钨矿	Sm-Nd等时线法	83.2±4.2	彭强^[43]
	11		辉钼矿	Re-Os等时线法	83.4±2.1	杨宗喜等^[44]
	12		白云母	⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	76.1±0.6	李宝龙等^[45]
	13		白云母	⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	79.7±1.0	张娟等^[46]
	14		金云母	⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	85.6±0.4	张娟等^[47]
	15	薄竹山	白钨矿	LA-ICP-MS石榴子石U-Pb	87.6±2.3	刘益等^[48]
	16		黑钨矿	LA-ICP-MS黑钨矿U-Pb	86.2±2.2	刘艳宾^[49]
	17		锡石	LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb	88.2±3.8	刘艳宾^[49]
	18		花岗岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb	87.9±0.5	李开文等^[50]