陆相页岩油富集高产关键因素分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.04.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前已发现的高产陆相页岩油藏类型以裂缝型和夹层型为主,高产页岩油藏一般具有非原位、短距离运聚特征,可流动性是页岩油富集高产的关键。根据油藏渗流力学和物质平衡方程,提出页岩油丰度是基础,流动性和渗透性是高产关键,短距离运聚是富集重要条件。研究表明,滞留油丰度、成熟度、原油黏度(包括气油比)、薄夹层或裂缝以及异常压力是页岩油富集高产的关键因素,其中滞留油丰度是资源基础,成熟度和原油黏度影响页岩油流动性,优势相、夹层和裂缝发育程度决定了泥页岩地层的渗透性,异常压力是动力条件。一般而言,中高成熟(R_o,0.9%~1.1%)的富有机质页岩发育区为页岩油富集的远景区,再叠合上述高产控制因素可知内斜坡、靠近内斜坡深洼区、洼中相对低势区(如洼中低幅背斜)一般是页岩油富集的有利区。

关键词: 陆相页岩油, 富集因素, 夹层, 可流动性, 渗流力学

Abstract:

Clarifying the critical controlling factors of enrichment for high-yield continental shale oil is a key to prospecting target evaluation. Studies on shale reservoir indicate that in-situ accumulation is difficult to form high-yielding shale reservoir, which is characterized by short-distance migration. Therefore, mobility is critical for the enrichment of high-yield shale oil, and represents an important evaluation factor for shale oil block target selection. According to reservoir seepage mechanics and material balance calculation, it is proposed that shale oil abundance is the foundation, and fluidity and permeability are the key to high-yield and short-distance transport, which is important for oil enrichment. Research shows that residual oil abundance, maturity, crude oil viscosity (including gas to oil ratio), thin interlayers or cracks, and abnormal pressure are key factors for high-yield shale oil enrichment. The abundance of retained oil is the resource basis. The maturity and viscosity of the crude oil affect the fluidity of the shale oil. The degree of interlayer and fracture development determines the permeability of the shale formation, whilst the abnormal pressure is the dynamic condition. The inner hydrocarbon generation sag does not form high-yield shale reservoir easily, whereas high-in-sag and near-sag slope belt represent favorable structural belt. In general, the medium-high maturity (R_o,0.9% to 1.1%) organic-rich shale development area is prospective for shale oil enrichment. The above-mentioned high-yield controlling factors can be combined to understand the inner slope, inner slope proximal and deep area, and the relatively low-medium area (such as the low-profile anticline at the center of depression) are generally favorable sites for shale oil enrichment.

Key words: terrestrial shale oil, controlling factor of enrichment, interbed type, fluidity, hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics

中图分类号:

李浩, 陆建林, 王保华, 宋振响, 李政. 陆相页岩油富集高产关键因素分析[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(04): 837-848.

LI Hao, LU Jianlin, WANG Baohua, SONG Zhenxiang, LI Zheng. Critical Controlling Factors of Enrichment and High-yield of Land Shale Oil[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(04): 837-848.

图/表 17

图1 中国东部古近系陆相页岩油流井初期日产量统计图

Fig.1 Statistical chart of initial daily oil output of the shale wells in Paleogene continental-facies shale, Eastern China

表1 中国东部主要富油凹陷陆相页岩油选区的主要评价参数及其标准

Table 1 Major evaluation parameters of continental-facies shale oil and its standards in Eastern China

地区	生油条件					储集条件										可动条件 (异常压力) /MPa
地区	TOC/%	(S₁/TOC)/ (mg/g)	R_o/%	页岩厚度/m		有利岩相		与断裂距离/m		孔隙度 /%		脆性矿物含量/%		黏土矿物含量/%		可动条件 (异常压力) /MPa
济阳坳陷	>2.0	>100	>0.7	>30	纹层泥质灰岩纹层灰质泥岩		<1 200		/		/		/		>1.2
东濮凹陷	>2.0	/	>0.7	/	纹层灰质/云质泥岩		/		>10.0		>40		/		/
泌阳凹陷	>2.0	>70	0.5~1.1	>10	纹层灰质/粉砂质泥页岩		/		>4.0		>55		<35		>1.0
苏北盆地	>2.0	>10	>0.8	/	钙质页岩、层状钙质泥岩		/		>5.0		>55		<35		>1.0
潜江凹陷	>2.0	>300	>0.7	>8	白云岩、泥质白云岩		/		>12.0		>40		/		>1.2
长岭凹陷	>2.0	/	>0.5	/	/		/		>1.0		>40		/		/

图2 东营凹陷沙三段下亚段滞留油丰度平面图

Fig.2 Contour map of the retained oil abundance of Lower E2s3 Formation in Dongying Sag

表2 泥岩地层渗透率赋值标准

Table 2 Standard of permeability values assignment of shale formation

渗透率赋值范围/10^-3μm²	构造缝			层理缝
渗透率赋值范围/10^-3μm²	地应力分布	与断层距离/m		岩相	夹层指数STI(0~1)	脆性矿物含量/%
0.75~1	集中发育区	600~1 000	纹层状页岩		0.5~0.8	>60
0.5~0.75	较大	60~100,800~1 200	层状页岩		0.3~0.5,0.8~1.0	40~60
0.25~0.5	一般	>1 200	块状页岩		0.2~0.3	20~40
0~0.25	较小	0~100	泥岩		0~0.2	<20

图3 济阳坳陷古近系泥页岩储集层主要裂缝类型

Fig.3 Major types of fractures of shale reservoir of Paleogene Formation in Jiyang Depression

图4 东营凹陷不同类型页岩物性特征

Fig.4 Physical characteristics of different types of shale in Dongying Sag

图5 东营凹陷沙三段下亚段高渗夹层指数平面图

Fig.5 Contour map of interlayer indicators of Lower E2s3 Formation in Dongying Sag

图6 东营凹陷工业性夹层指数与页岩油日产量关系图

Fig.6 Relationship between the interlayer indicators and daily oil output of the shale wells in Dongying Sag

图7 济阳坳陷页岩油日产量与黏度关系图

Fig.7 Relationship between crude viscosity and daily oil output of the shale wells in Jiyang Depression

图8 东营凹陷地层温度、成熟度、气油比、密度与原油黏度关系图

Fig.8 Relations of formation temperature, Ro, oil/gas ratio and oil density to crude viscosity in Dongying Sag

图9 东部断陷古近系泥岩地层压力结构类型示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of pressure types in Paleogene shale formations from fault basins in Eastern China

图10 东营凹陷沙三段下亚段泥岩地层压力系数平面图

Fig.10 Pressure coefficient contour map of Lower E2s3 Formation in the Dongying Sag

图11 济阳坳陷页岩油日产量与压力系数关系图(统计东营、泌阳、高邮与潜江29口出油流井压力结构)

Fig.11 Relationship between pressure factor and daily oil output of the shale wells in Jiyang Depression

图12 东部地区页岩地层压力结构与产量关系图

Fig.12 Relationship between the vertical pressure distribution and daily oil output of the shale wells in Eastern China

图13 济阳坳陷日产量超过3 t/d的产油井构造特征统计(n=36)

Fig.13 Statistics of structural features for the wells with >3 t/d production in the Jiyang Depression(n=36)

图14 东部地区日产量低于3 t/d的产油井构造特征统计(n=32)

Fig.14 Statistics of structural features for the wells with <3 t/d production in the Jiyang Depression(n=32)

图15 有机质成熟度影响页岩油富集的关系示意图

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the relationship between organic matter maturity and shale oil enrichment

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