哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.03.09

现代地质 ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (03): 511-526.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.03.09

哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境

王媛¹(), 林畅松²(), 李浩², 孙彦达³, 何海全³, 王清龙³, 张知源¹, 姬牧野²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
3.洲际油气股份有限公司,北京 100016

收稿日期:2017-10-05 修回日期:2018-02-10 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2023-09-22
通讯作者: 林畅松
作者简介:林畅松,男,教授,博士生导师,1958年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,主要从事沉积盆地分析与模拟的研究。Email:Lincs@cugb.edu.cn。
王媛,女,博士研究生,1990年出生,矿产普查与勘探专业,主要从事沉积地质研究。Email:wangyuancugb@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2011CB201100-03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2652015362)

Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of the Lower Carboniferous Carbonates in the Marsel Exploration Area,Kazakhstan

WANG Yuan¹(), LIN Changsong²(), LI Hao², SUN Yanda³, HE Haiquan³, WANG Qinglong³, ZHANG Zhiyuan¹, JI Muye²

1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3. Geo-Jade Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100016, China

Received:2017-10-05 Revised:2018-02-10 Online:2018-06-10 Published:2023-09-22
Contact: LIN Changsong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据薄片和岩心资料,识别出哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统43种微相类型(MF)和10种微相组合样式(MA)。其中,MF1—MF3为灰泥灰岩,形成于外缓坡或局限低能环境;MF4—MF13为粒泥灰岩,形成于内缓坡泻湖—潮缘带、中缓坡或外缓坡环境;MF14—MF20为泥粒灰岩,形成于局限及低能的内缓坡环境;MF21—MF34为颗粒灰/云岩,多形成于内缓坡潮下带—中缓坡浅滩环境;MF35—MF37为晶粒白云岩,形成于蒸发潮坪环境;MF38—MF43为细粒碎屑岩,主要形成于内缓坡—中缓坡环境。微相组合样式主要包括中—外缓坡微相组合(MA2)、中—低能浅滩微相组合(MA1、MA8)、中缓坡混积微相组合(MA5)、中—高能浅滩—潮坪微相组合(MA6、MA7、MA9)、内缓坡泻湖—潮坪微相组合(MA3)、内缓坡碎屑潮坪微相组合(MA4)和混积潮坪微相组合(MA10)。通过亚相和微相组合分析,认为研究区早石炭世属于缓坡型台地沉积模式。杜内阶—维三段早期,相对海平面缓慢—快速上升,总体以内—中缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和中—外缓坡沉积为主;维三段中期—谢尔普霍夫阶期,相对海平面缓慢—快速下降,主要发育内缓坡低能局限泻湖—潮坪和蒸发潮坪沉积,局部地区发育浅滩和混积潮坪沉积。

关键词: 哈萨克斯坦, Marsel探区, 下石炭统, 碳酸盐岩, 沉积微相

Abstract:

Based on thin sections and drill core data, 43 microfacies (MF) and 10 microfacies association (MA) patterns are identified in the Marsel exploration area in Kazakhstan. The MA comprises five rock types, representing different sedimentary environments: mudstone (MF1-MF3) deposited in the outer ramp or low-energy restricted environment; wackstone (MF4-MF13) deposited in lagoons and peritidal flat of the inner, middle or outer ramp; packstone (MF14-MF20) deposited in the low-energy restricted inner ramp; grainstone (MF21-MF34) deposited in subtidal area of the inner ramp and shoals of the middle ramp; crystalline dolostone (MF35-MF37) deposited in evaporate tidal flat; fine-grained clastic rocks (MF38-MF43) deposited in the inner-middle mixed ramp. Types of MA include deposits of the middle-outer ramp (MA2), middle-low energy shoal (MA1, MA8), middle ramp mixed (MA5), middle-high energy shoal and tidal flat (MA6, MA7, MA9), lagoon and tidal flat of the inner ramp (MA3), clastic tidal flat of the inner ramp (MA4), and mixed tidal flat (MA10). Through subfacies and microfacies association analysis, a ramp sedimentary model is established for the Early Carboniferous depositional environment in the Marsel area: During the deposition of the Tournasian-lower Visean-3 member, low-energy restricted lagoon and tidal flat of the inner-middle and middle-outer ramp deposits are developed as the relative sea level rises from slow to rapidly. During the deposition of middle Visean-3 member-Serpukhovian, low-energy restricted lagoon, tidal flat and evaporate tidal flat of the inner ramp deposits were widely developed with local shoals and mixed tidal flat, as the relative sea level falls from slow to rapidly.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Marsel exploration area, Lower Carboniferous, carbonate rocks, carbonate microfacies

中图分类号:

TE122.2

王媛, 林畅松, 李浩, 孙彦达, 何海全, 王清龙, 张知源, 姬牧野. 哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(03): 511-526.

WANG Yuan, LIN Changsong, LI Hao, SUN Yanda, HE Haiquan, WANG Qinglong, ZHANG Zhiyuan, JI Muye. Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of the Lower Carboniferous Carbonates in the Marsel Exploration Area,Kazakhstan[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(03): 511-526.

图/表 8

图1 Marsel探区构造单元与工区位置(据参考文献[24?-26],有修改)

Fig.1 Tectonic division and location of the Marsel area

图2 Marsel探区ASSA-2井层序地层综合柱状图

Fig.2 Stratigraphic framework of the Marsel area in well ASSA-2

表1 Marsel探区下石炭统岩石类型划分表

Table 1 Major Lower Carboniferous rock types in the Marsel area

地层单元		主要岩石类型
谢尔普霍夫阶		石灰岩	颗粒灰岩、泥粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩、灰泥灰岩、含膏云质灰岩
		白云岩	颗粒云岩、泥粉晶云岩、含膏灰质云岩
		碎屑岩	长石粉砂岩
		蒸发岩	石膏岩、盐岩
维宪阶	维三段	石灰岩	泥粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩、灰泥灰岩
		碎屑岩	长石岩屑粉细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩
		蒸发岩	石膏岩
	维二段	石灰岩	颗粒灰岩、泥粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩、灰泥灰岩、硅质灰岩
		白云岩	泥粉晶云岩
		碎屑岩	泥岩、页岩
	维一段	石灰岩	颗粒灰岩、泥粒灰岩、粒泥灰岩
	维一段	蒸发岩	石膏岩
杜内阶		石灰岩	灰泥灰岩
杜内阶		碎屑岩	泥岩、页岩

图3 Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征(Ⅰ) (a)深灰色灰泥灰岩/MF1,腕足类生物碎屑、形态不规则的泥粒和较强的生物掘穴作用(箭头),缝合线发育且被沥青全充填,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 573.6 m; (b)深灰色含泥灰泥灰岩/MF2,泥质和少量生屑,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 326.7 m; (c)黑灰色灰泥灰岩/MF3,腕足类和苔藓虫生物碎屑,见少量黄铁矿,TMSK-1井,C1V2,3 163.8 m;(d)灰色含生屑粉屑粒泥灰岩/MF4,腕足类和苔藓虫生物碎屑,粉屑发育,单偏光,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 602.95 m;(e)灰色含陆屑砂屑粒泥灰岩/MF5,陆屑为石英颗粒,自形程度高,砂屑分选中等,磨圆好,生屑为苔藓虫,正交光,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 605.17 m;(f)灰色生屑粒泥灰岩/MF6,腕足类生屑,保存相对完整,局部硅化,正交光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 531.95 m;(g)深灰色生屑粒泥灰岩/MF6,生屑团块,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 535.65 m;(h)灰色含陆屑生屑粒泥灰岩/MF7,棘皮、腕足类生屑,具有明显定向排列,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 537.6 m;(i)灰色含生屑云质粒泥灰岩/MF8,腕足类和苔藓虫生屑,具有弱定向排列特征,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 530.1 m;(j)灰色含生屑灰质粒泥云岩/MF9,腕足类生屑,白云石交代硬石膏,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 528.3 m;(k)灰色含陆屑粒泥灰岩/MF10,泥质纹层发育,陆屑主要由粉粒石英和泥粒组成,略具定向排列,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 330.1 m;(l)灰色含泥陆屑粒泥灰岩/MF13,陆屑、泥质、灰质生屑条带呈互层状分布,构成微层理构造,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 336.52 m;(m)灰色含泥生屑粒泥灰岩(漂浮岩)/MF14,棘皮类和有孔虫生物碎屑,泥质纹层发育,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1V3,1 724.7 m;(n)黑灰色海绵骨针粒泥灰岩/MF13,海绵骨针,单偏光,TMSK-1井,C1V2,3 167.9 m;(o)灰色含生屑粉屑泥粒灰岩/MF14,单偏光,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 608.1 m;(p)灰色含鲕粒砂屑生屑泥粒灰岩/MF15,颗粒凹凸接触和缝合接触,缝合线内充填泥质全和沥青,压实作用强烈,颗粒破碎变形严重,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 576.03 m;(q)深灰色含泥生屑泥粒灰岩/MF16,棘皮类和腕足类生屑发育,见一苔藓虫和沥青浸染痕迹,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 331.85 m;(r)深灰色生屑泥粒灰岩/MF17,腕足类生屑发育,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 343.45 m

Fig.3 Microfacies characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in the Marsel area

图4 Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征(Ⅱ) (a)黑灰色含泥生屑泥粒灰岩/MF18,苔藓虫发育,单偏光,TMSK-1井,C1V2,3 166.1 m;(b)深灰色生屑藻粒泥粒灰岩/MF19,藻屑,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V1,2 605.95 m;(c)具定向排列的黑灰色生屑泥粒灰岩/MF20,棘皮类生屑,具定向排列特征,单偏光ASSA-2井,C1V1,2 608.45 m;(d)灰色含生屑鲕粒颗粒灰岩/MF21,放射状鲕粒,开启微裂缝,铸体,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 605.87 m;(e)灰色含生屑粉屑颗粒灰岩/MF22,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 573.38 m;(f)灰色含砂屑鲕粒生屑颗粒灰岩/MF23,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 574.02 m;(g)深灰色含生屑砂屑颗粒灰岩/MF24,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 575.36 m;(h)深灰色含鲕粒生屑砂屑颗粒灰岩/MF25,砂屑颗粒边缘白云岩化,单偏光,PRDS-18井,C1sr,1 576.5 m;(i)灰色含膏残余砂屑颗粒云岩/MF26,铸模孔,膏质充填扩溶缝,铸体,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 522.85 m;(j)灰色含生屑粉屑颗粒灰岩/MF27,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 336.75 m;(k)深灰色膏质生屑粉屑颗粒灰岩/MF28,正交光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 337.7 m;(l)灰色生屑鲕粒砂屑颗粒灰岩/MF29,微生物穿孔构造,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 340.05 m;(m)黑灰色粉屑鲕粒颗粒灰岩/MF30,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 328.75 m;(n)深灰色含砂屑生屑包粒颗粒灰岩/MF31,微生物钻孔和生屑颗粒边缘的泥晶套,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 330.8 m;(o)深灰色膏化含砂屑生屑包粒颗粒灰岩/MF31,石膏,正交光, ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 340.65 m;(p)深灰色鲕粒颗粒灰岩/MF32,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 342.25 m;(q)灰色含藻屑生屑颗粒灰岩/MF33,藻屑,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 342.65 m;(r)灰色含藻屑生屑颗粒灰岩/MF33,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V3,2 344.65 m

Fig. 4 Microfacies characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in the Marsel area

图5 Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征(III) (a)灰色—深灰色含粉屑生屑藻粒颗粒灰岩/MF34,单偏光,ASSA-2井,C1V1,2 602.75 m;(b)灰色泥粉晶白云岩/MF35,板条状硬石膏,正交光,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 601.05 m;(c)灰色泥粉晶白云岩/MF36,铁白云石含量高达50%,含少量斜长石(7.71%)、石英(3.30%)、黏土矿物(3.13%)和黄铁矿(2%),单偏光,TGTR-6井,C1sr,2 601.95 m;(d)灰色泥粉晶白云岩/MF36,原始颗粒和基质的残影,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 522.2 m;(e)灰色含生屑粉晶云岩/MF37,珊瑚和膏化,正交光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 528.55 m;(f)灰色长石粉砂岩/MF38,微裂缝,正交光,KNDK-6井,C1sr,1 526.9 m;(g)深灰色粉砂质泥岩/MF39,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1V3,1 798.75 m;(h)灰色泥质粉砂岩/MF40,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1V3,1 792.9 m;(i)灰色粉砂岩/MF41,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1V3,1 793.7 m;(j)长石岩屑粉细砂岩/MF42,单偏光,KNDK-6井,C1V3,1 795.4 m;(k)黑灰色含硅生屑泥岩/MF43,单偏光,TMSK-1井,C1V2,3 165 m

Fig.5 Microfacies characteristics ofthe Lower Carboniferous carbonates in the Marsel area

图6 Marsel探区下石炭统主要微相组合

Fig. 6 Microfacies associations of the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in the Marsel area

图7 Marsel探区TMSK-1—TGTR-6—ASSA-2—KNDK-6井下石炭统层序地层与沉积微相连井对比图

Fig. 7 Correlation of the Lower Carboniferous microfacies associations and stratigraphy at well TMSK-1—TGTR-6—ASSA-2—KNDK-6 in the Marsel area

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哈萨克斯坦Marsel探区下石炭统碳酸盐岩微相特征与沉积环境

Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of the Lower Carboniferous Carbonates in the Marsel Exploration Area,Kazakhstan

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