断陷盆地控山断层对断控潜山发育的控制和改造:以黄骅坳陷港西断层和港北潜山为例

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

断控型潜山是含油气潜山的主要类型,该类构造已从单一的风化壳式潜山研究发展为多层系潜山内幕研究,而作为潜山边界的控山断层是研究该类构造的突破口。为精细解剖潜山的控山断层,明确断控型潜山的形成和结构,本文以黄骅坳陷港西断层为例,在深入分析潜山控山断层几何学、运动学特征的基础上,结合港北潜山宏观样式、潜山内幕构造变形及演化过程,探讨控山断层对潜山发育的约束与结构的改造作用。结果表明,港西断层断面可分为平板式、犁式和坡坪式三种类型,构成了港北潜山边界断崖面的宏观面貌。断层在新近纪活动速率较低,小于20 m/Ma;古近纪渐新世活动速率平均100 m/Ma,始新世活动速率达到200 m/Ma以上,断层活动速率沿走向上为南弱、北强。港北潜山具有南高、北低的宏观构造特征,经历了潜山内幕原始地层发育阶段、断控潜山成山发育阶段和潜山构造定型埋藏阶段。控山断层控制潜山的成山过程,约束潜山的宏观形态,改造对潜山的内幕构造,进而控制潜山内幕的圈闭、油气运移和储层的储集性能。

关键词: 断控型潜山, 潜山控山断层, 断陷盆地, 黄骅坳陷, 港北潜山, 港西断层

Abstract:

Fault-controlled buried hills is the main type of hydrocarbon-bearing structures, and research in this field has evolved from focusing on single weathered crust types to exploring multi-layered series within buried hill interiors.The control-hill fault, which defines the boundary of the buried hill, is a critical breakthrough point for studying this type of structure.Using the Gangxi Fault in the Huanghua Depression as a case study, this research explores the constraints imposed by mountain-controlling faults on buried hill development and the transformation of buried hill structures.We analyzed the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the mountain-controlling faults, as well as the macroscopic and internal structures and evolution of the Gangbei buried hill.The study reveals that the Gangxi Fault can be classified into three types: planar, listric, and slope-flat, which together form the macroscopic features of the boundary cliff surface.The movement rate of the Gangxi Fault during the Neogene was less than 20 m/Ma, while the average movement rate during the Oligocene and Paleogene was 100 m/Ma.In the Eocene, and the movement rate exceeded 200 m/Ma, with weaker fault activity in the southern section and stronger activity in the northern section along the strike.The Gongbei buried hill exhibits a macrostructure with higher elevation in the southern and lower elevation in the northern section.The evolution of the Gangbei buried hill consists of three stages: the inner stratum construction stage, the fault-controlled buried hill development stage, and the structural stabilization and subsidence stage.The geometry, kinematics, and evolution of the Gangxi Fault, as a control-hill fault in a continental rift basin, significantly impact the buried hill, primarily by controlling its formation process.It also affects the macro-morphology of the buried hill and the reconstruction of its internal structure, which in turn influences trap conditions, oil and gas migration, and reservoir performance.

Key words: fault-controlled buried hill, control-hill fault, continental rift basin, Huanghua Depression, Gangbei buried hill, Gangxi Fault

中图分类号:

P542.34

张津宁, 王文洁, 能源, 马骁, 相泓含, 刘培烨, 梅永旭, 于汶鑫. 断陷盆地控山断层对断控潜山发育的控制和改造:以黄骅坳陷港西断层和港北潜山为例[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(06): 1445-1457.

ZHANG Jinning, WANG Wenjie, NENG Yuan, MA Xiao, XIANG Honghan, LIU Peiye, MEI Yongxu, YU Wenxin. Control and Transformation of Control-hill Faults in Rift Basins During the Development of Fault-controlled Buried Hills: A Case Study of the Gangxi Fault and the Gangbei Buried Hill in the Huanghua Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(06): 1445-1457.

图/表 10

图1 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷主要潜山构造带分布图(底图据文献[23]修改) (a)黄骅坳陷在渤海湾盆地位置; (b) 黄骅坳陷潜山构造带分布图

Fig.1 Location map of the research area (basemap after ref.[23])

图2 港西断层要素图 (a)港北潜山中生界构造图;(b) 断面深度等值线平面投影图;(c) 断面倾角平面投影图

Fig.2 Section map of the Gangxi fault

图3 港北潜山NW—SE向地震剖面(剖面位置见图2) (a)平板式断面;(b)坡坪式断面;(c)犁式断面

Fig.3 NW-SE seismic profiles of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

图4 港西断层各时期垂向移动速率

Fig.4 Movement rate of the Gangxi Fault for each geological period

图5 港北潜山NE—SW向剖面(剖面位置见图2) (a) NE—SW向地震剖面图;(b) NE—SW向地质解释剖面图

Fig.5 NE-SW geological section of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

图6 港北潜山构造演化剖面(剖面位置见图2) (a)—(c) NW—SE向剖面;(d)—(f) NE—SW向剖面

Fig.6 Structural evolution profile of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

图7 港北潜山构造-地层与演化阶段关系图

Fig.7 Relationship between structural stratigraphy and the evolution of the Gangbei buried hill

图8 断控型潜山演化模式

Fig.8 Models of basement faults controlling the buried hill formation process

图9 港北潜山内幕断层组合与玫瑰花图 (a)港北潜山内幕断层组合图;(b)—(j) 典型井裂缝玫瑰花图(单位(°))

Fig.9 Inner fault combinations of the Gangbei buried hill and the rose diagram

图10 港北潜山内幕地层构造裂缝镜下特征图 (a) GG16102, 2187.49 m,砂岩, 溶孔-溶洞沿裂缝发育, 方解石填充; (b) GG1501, 2290.84 m, 安山岩, 雁列型裂缝发育, 方解石填充; (c) T17X1, 3512.2 m, 石灰岩, 溶孔-溶洞沿裂缝发育, 方解石填充; (d) T17X1, 3510.77 m, 石灰岩, 雁列型张裂缝发育, 单偏光; (e) GG16102, 1904.35 m, 裂缝泥质填充, 单偏光; (f) GG1501,砂屑泥晶白云质灰岩, 沿裂缝溶蚀, 单偏光

Fig.10 Microscopic characteristics of structural fractures in the inner layer of the Gangbei buried hill

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